The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Sofia, Bulgaria.
Prior to 14th century
edit- 2nd C. CE – Serdica founded by Trajan.[1]
- 268 CE – Serdica raided by Goths.[citation needed]
- 343 CE – Council of Serdica convenes (approximate date).[2]
- 4th C.
- Church of St. George [3]
- Amphitheatre of Serdica built (approximate date).
- Saint Sophia Church, Sofia originates.
- 447 – Town burned by Huns.[1][3]
- 809 -
- Town becomes part of Bulgarian Empire.[4][3]
- Town renamed "Sredetz."[5][3]
- 987 - Successful resistance to the attacks of the emperor Basil II.[3]
- 11th C. – Boyana Church built near town (approximate date).
- 1194
14th–18th centuries
edit- 13th C. – Church of St. Nicholas built.
- 1329 – Town renamed "Sofia".[4]
- 1382 – Ottomans take Sofia.[6]
- 1443 – Town occupied briefly by Hungarian forces under John Hunyadi.[3]
- 1493 – Kremikovtsi Monastery reestablished near Sofia.
- 1494 – Buyuk Mosque built.
- 1528 – Black Mosque built.
- 1576 – Banya Bashi Mosque built.
- 1610 – Catholic See of Sophia established.[5]
19th century
edit- 1818 – Earthquake.[7]
- 1829 – Town occupied by Russian forces.[8]
- 1858 – Earthquake.[7]
- 1863 – St Nedelya Church rebuilt.
- 1878 – Town liberated by Russian forces.[1]
- 1879
- Capital of Bulgaria relocated to Sofia from Veliko Tarnovo.[1]
- Area of city: 3 square kilometers.[9]
- 1881 – Population: 20,501.[3]
- 1882 – Royal palace built.[3]
- 1884 – Boris' Garden (park) laid out.
- 1886 – National Assembly building constructed.
- 1888
- Sofia University founded.
- Sofia Central Station and Sofia Zoo[10] open.
- Dimitar Petkov becomes mayor.
- 1890 – 31 May: "Destructive thunderstorm."[11]
- 1891 – Eagles' Bridge and Lions' Bridge built.
- 1893
- Bulgarian Literary Society relocates to Sofia.
- Population: 46,593.[3]
- 1897 – Battenberg Mausoleum erected.
- 1898 – Central Hunters' Society headquartered in Sofia.[12]
20th century
edit- 1903
- Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Narrow Socialists) headquartered in Sofia.
- Sveti Sedmochislenitsi Church inaugurated.
- 1904 – National Theatre founded.[3]
- 1905 – National Archaeological Museum opens.
- 1907
- Central Military Club built.
- Population: 82,187.[3]
- The Monument to the Tsar Liberator was inaugurated on Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard in Sofia
- 1908
- Bulgarian Opera Society established.
- City becomes capital of the Kingdom of Bulgaria.[5]
- 1909 – Sofia Synagogue built.
- 1910 – Population: 102,812.[7]
- 1911
- Central Sofia Market Hall opens.
- Union of Bulgarian Chitalishta headquartered in Sofia.[12]
- 1912 – Alexander Nevsky Cathedral built.[10][3]
- 1913 – L'écho de Bulgarie newspaper begins publication.[13]
- 1914
- Levski Sofia (sports club) founded.
- Russian Church consecrated.
- Vrana Palace built near Sofia.
- 1919 – Simplon Orient Express (Paris–Sofia) begins operating.
- 1922 – National Opera established.
- 1925
- 16 April: St Nedelya Church assault.
- Thracian student society founded.[12]
- 1926 – Vladimir Vazov becomes mayor.
- 1927 – Kino Vlaikova (cinema) established (approximate date).[14]
- 1929 – Ivan Vazov National Theatre rebuilt.[10]
- 1930 – Church of St Paraskeva built.
- 1934
- City becomes seat of Sofia Oblast.[4]
- Population: 287,095; department 1,152,053.[1]
- French Institute built on Slaveykov Square.[citation needed]
- 1939
- 1940 – Sofia Court House built on Vitosha Boulevard.
- 1943 – Bombing of Sofia in World War II by Allied forces.
- 1944 – Bombing of Sofia in World War II by Allied forces.
- 1946 – City becomes capital of the People's Republic of Bulgaria.
- 1949 – Sofia Power Plant commissioned.
- 1951 – Vecherni Novini newspaper begins publication.[15]
- 1953 – Vasil Levski National Stadium and National Opera and Ballet building open.
- 1955 – Communist Party Centre built.[10]
- 1956 – Park Hotel Moskva built.
- 1959 – Borisova Gradina TV Tower erected.
- 1962 – Boyana Film studio established.
- 1963 – Georgi Asparuhov Stadium opens.
- 1964 – Population: 739,200 urban agglomeration.[16]
- 1965 – Theatre 199 founded.
- 1968 – City hosts World Festival of Youth and Students.[17]
- 1974 – Sofia Central Station rebuilt.
- 1976 – Hemus Hotel built.
- 1977 – Princess Hotel Sofia built.
- 1978 – CITUB Administrative Building built.
- 1979 – Hotel Rodina and Vitosha New Otani (hotel) built.
- 1981 – National Palace of Culture opens.
- 1984 – Population: 1,097,791 (estimate).[18]
- 1991
- New Bulgarian University and Higher Islamic Institute[19] established.
- Aleksandar Yanchulev becomes mayor.
- Odeon Cinema active.
- 1993 – June: Union of Democratic Forces demonstration.[15]
- 1995 – Stefan Sofiyanski becomes mayor.
- 1997
- January: 1997 Bulgarian protest.[20]
- Sofia Film Festival begins.
- 1998 – Sofia Metro begins operating.
21st century
edit- 2001
- November: Protest.[21]
- Iceberg Sofia hockey team formed.
- 2003
- Radio Nova begins broadcasting.
- City plan "Sofia 2020" adopted.[9]
- 2004 – Central Bus Station Sofia opens.
- 2005
- Boyko Borisov becomes mayor.
- Suhodol, Sofia landfill protest.[22]
- 2006
- Mall of Sofia in business.
- Kino Cineplex opens.[23]
- Cathedral of St Joseph rebuilt.
- 2007
- Olympia Sofia women's football club established.
- Bulgaria becomes part of the European Union.[24]
- 2008
- Sofia Pride begins.
- 3 July: 2008 Chelopechene explosions.
- 2009
- Sofia Middle East & North Africa Film Festival begins.[25]
- Yordanka Fandakova becomes mayor.
- Benchmark Tower built.
- 2011
- September: Anti-Roma demonstration.[21]
- Armeets Arena and Sofia Arsenal Museum of Contemporary Art opens.
- Sopharma Business Center towers built.
- 2012
- Line 2 of Sofia Metro began operation.
- Population: 1,241,396.
- 2013
- 2015 – Capital Fort became the tallest building in Sofia with its 126 meters (413 ft).
- 2017 – Millennium Center was completed.
- 2020 – Sofia Metro Line 3 is set to open.
See also
edit- History of Sofia
- List of mayors of Sofia
- Timelines of other cities in Bulgaria: Plovdiv, Varna
- List of the oldest buildings in Sofia
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 1057, OCLC 3832886, OL 5812502M
- ^ Patrick J. Healy (1913). "Council of Sardica". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d e Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1789, OL 6112221M
- ^ a b c Vailhe 1913.
- ^ Dimiter Mihailov and Pancho Smolenov (1986). Bulgaria: a Guide. translated by E. Yanev and R. Yossifova. Sofia: Collet's, Sofia Press.
- ^ a b c British Admiralty, Naval Intelligence Division (1920), Handbook of Bulgaria, London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, OL 13445326M
- ^ Chambers 1901.
- ^ a b c Hirt 2011.
- ^ a b c d e Balkantourist 1959.
- ^ Haydn 1910.
- ^ a b c Nikolay Valkov (2009). "Associational Culture in Pre-Communist Bulgaria: Considerations for Civil Society and Social Capital". Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. 20 (4): 424–447. doi:10.1007/s11266-009-9093-0. JSTOR 27928186. S2CID 143842129.
- ^ "Global Resources Network". Chicago, USA: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ "36 Hours in Sofia, Bulgaria". New York Times. 30 August 2012.
- ^ a b Europa World Year Book 2003. Taylor & Francis. 2003. ISBN 978-1-85743-227-5.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
- ^ Karin Taylor (2006). Let's Twist Again: Youth and Leisure in Socialist Bulgaria. LIT Verlag Münster. ISBN 978-3-8258-9505-1.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Jørgen S. Nielsen, ed. (2010). Yearbook of Muslims in Europe. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-18475-6.
- ^ Viara Djoreva (2001). "Seeing Beyond the Crowd: A Case Study of the Political Protests in Sofia in the Beginning of 1997". Polish Sociological Review (133): 99–122. JSTOR 41274789.
- ^ a b "Bulgaria Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ "Global Nonviolent Action Database". Pennsylvania, USA: Swarthmore College. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ "Movie Theaters in Sofia, Bulgaria". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ Andrew Higgins (24 December 2013). "Change Comes Slowly for Bulgaria, Even With E.U. Membership". New York Times. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ "Festival". Sofia Middle East & North Africa Film Festival. Pozor Company. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ Nikolay Staykov (ed.). "The Protest". Sofia: Noresharski.com. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
Antigovernment Press Centre
This article incorporates information from the Bulgarian Wikipedia.
Bibliography
edit- "Sophia", Handbook for Travellers in Turkey (3rd ed.), London: J. Murray, 1854, OCLC 2145740
- "Sofia". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Sofia", Türkei, Rumänien, Serbien, Bulgarien [Turkey, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria], Meyers Reisebücher (in German) (6th ed.), Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut, 1902, hdl:2027/njp.32101064637836
- Bourchier, James David (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). pp. 344–345.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Sofia", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- S. Vailhe (1913). "Sardica". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - William Harman Black (1920). "Bulgaria: Sofia". The Real Europe Pocket Guide-Book. Black's Blue Books. New York: Brentano's.
- "Sofia". Bulgaria Guide Book. Bulgaria: Balkantourist. 1959.
- Philip Ward (1993). Sofia: portrait of a city. Cambridge, England: Oleander. ISBN 0906672651.
- "Bulgaria: Sofia", Eastern and Central Europe (17th ed.), Fodor's, 1996, OL 7697674M
- Trudy Ring, ed. (1996). "Sofia". Southern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 3. Fitzroy Dearborn. OCLC 31045650.
- Irina Gigova (2011). "The City and the Nation: Sofia's Trajectory from Glory to Rubble in WWII". Journal of Urban History. 37.
- Sonia Hirt (2011). "Integrating City and Nature: Urban Planning Debates in Sofia, Bulgaria". Greening the City: Urban Landscapes in the Twentieth Century. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0-8139-3114-2.
- Roman A. Cybriwsky (2013). "Sofia". Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 282+. ISBN 978-1-61069-248-9.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sofia.
- Europeana. Items related to Sofia, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Sofia, various dates