The following is a timeline of the history of Zanzibar City, Unguja island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. The city is composed of Ng'ambo and Stone Town. Until recently it was known as Zanzibar Town.
Prior to 19th century
edit- 1700 – Old Fort of Zanzibar is built by Omanis (approximate date).[1]
- 1710 – Queen Fatima in power.[2]
- 1746 – "Arab garrison" installed in fort.[2]
- 1753 – Fort "unsuccessfully attacked by Mazrui Arabs from Mombasa."[2]
- 1784 – Zanzibar becomes part of Oman.[2]
19th century
edit- 1822 – Moresby Treaty.
- 1828 – The sultan orders a particular portion of the land to be cultivated in to cloe plantations. This result in an expansion of slave import.
- 1830 – Mtoni Palace built near town.[3]
- 1832 – Capital of the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman relocated to Zanzibar from Muscat, Oman by Said bin Sultan.[4]
- 1836 – United States consulate established.[4]
- 1841 – British consulate established.[5]
- 1844 – French consulate established.[6]
- 1845 – Hamerton Treaty.
- 1850 - Kidichi Baths built near town.[7]
- 1856 – Majid bin Said of Zanzibar in power.[8]
- 1870
- Barghash ibn Said in power.[5]
- Population: 70,000 (approximate).[5]
- 1872 - Cyclone.[9]
- 1873 – Frere Treaty. British "forced the closure of the slave market."[5]
- 1879 – Anglican Christ Church built.[4]
- 1880 – Marhubi Palace built near town.[3]
- 1883 – House of Wonders built.
- 1888 – Hamamni Persian Baths built.
- 1890 – British in power per Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty.
- The purchase and selling of slaves is prohibited; slavery itself is preserved.
- 1896 – 27 August: Anglo-Zanzibar War.
- 1897 – Slavery in Zanzibar abolished[10] except in the case of concubines (abolished in 1909[11]).
- 1898 – Catholic St. Joseph's Cathedral built.
20th century
edit- 1904 – Darajani Market building constructed.
- 1905
- 1909 – Slavery in Zanzibar fully abolished with the abolition of slave concubinage.[13]
- 1910
- 1914 – 20 September: German SMS Königsberg sinks British HMS Pegasus in harbour.
- 1925 – Peace Memorial Museum established.[15][3]
- 1928 - Rent strike in Ng'ambo.[16]
- 1935 - Jubilee Gardens laid out.[17]
- 1948
- 1957 – Afro-Shirazi Party headquartered in town.
- 1961 – June: Unrest.[20]
- 1964
- 12 January: Zanzibar Revolution; city becomes capital of People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba.
- April: Sultanate of Zanzibar becomes part of the new United Republic of Tanzania.
- City becomes capital of semiautonomous region of Zanzibar.[5]
- Mtoro Rehani becomes mayor.[21]
- 1966 - Kikwajuni GDR housing built.[22]
- 1972 - 7 April: Abeid Karume assassinated.
- 1973 - Television Zanzibar inaugurated.
- 1977 - Trains of Michenzani (housing) built (approximate date).[22]
- 1985
- Economic liberalization begins.[22]
- Population: 133,000 (estimate).[23]
- 1994
- Palace Museum established.
- Stone Town Conservation Plan approved.[24]
- Old Dispensary building restored.
- 1997
- Zanzibar International Film Festival founded.[25]
- Keele Square rehabilitated.[17]
- 1999
- 2000 – Stone Town designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[25]
21st century
edit- 2004 – Sauti za Busara (music festival) begins.
- 2005 – Population: 220,000 (estimate).[5]
- 2008 – 21 May – 19 June: 2008 Zanzibar power blackout.
- 2009–2010 – 10 December–March: Second Zanzibar power blackout
- 2009 – Forodhani Gardens rehabilitated.[17]
- 2012 – Anti-government protests.[26]
- 2013 – August: Two 18-year-old, British volunteer teachers, Katie Gee and Kirstie Trup, were injured by an acid attack by men on a motorcycle near Stone Town.[27]
- 2014 – June: Mosque bombed.[28]
See also
edit- History of Stone Town
- History of Ng'ambo
- Wards of Zanzibar City
- History of Zanzibar (islands)
- List of Sultans of Zanzibar
- Zanzibar Urban/West Region (Zanzibar City is capital)
- List of football clubs in Zanzibar
- Timelines of other cities in Tanzania: Dar es Salaam
References
edit- ^ "Zanzibar". Islamic Cultural Heritage Database. Istanbul: Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Archived from the original on 4 July 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
- ^ a b c d Pearce 1920.
- ^ a b c Petersen 1996.
- ^ a b c d Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d e f g Stanley 2008.
- ^ Norman Robert Bennett (1973). "France and Zanzibar, 1844 to the 1860s". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 6 (4): 602–632. doi:10.2307/217223. JSTOR 217223.
- ^ "36 Hours in Zanzibar, Tanzania", The New York Times, 1 May 2014
- ^ M. Catharine Newbury (1983). "Colonialism, Ethnicity, and Rural Political Protest: Rwanda and Zanzibar in Comparative Perspective". Comparative Politics. 15 (3): 253–280. doi:10.2307/421681. JSTOR 421681.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 957–958.
- ^ Frederick Cooper (1980), From slaves to squatters: plantation labor and agriculture in Zanzibar and coastal Kenya, 1890-1925 , p. 295, New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN 0300024541
- ^ The End of Slavery in Africa. (1988). USA: University of Wisconsin Press. 23
- ^ Ethel Younghusband (1910), "Zanzibar (etc.)", Glimpses of East Africa and Zanzibar, London: J. Long, OCLC 4793682
- ^ The End of Slavery in Africa. (1988). USA: University of Wisconsin Press. 23
- ^ Africa Pilot. Washington DC: U.S. Navy. 1916.
- ^ Karin Adahl and Mikael Ahlund, ed. (2000). "Tanzania". Islamic Art Collections: An International Survey. Curzon Press. ISBN 978-1-136-11362-8.
- ^ Myers 1997.
- ^ a b c ArchNet. "Zanzibar". MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012.
- ^ Anthony Clayton (1976), 1948 Zanzibar General Strike, Sweden: Nordic Africa Institute – via International Relations and Security Network
- ^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
- ^ Michael Lofchie (1963). "Party Conflict in Zanzibar". Journal of Modern African Studies. 1 (2): 185–207. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00001051. JSTOR 159028. S2CID 155020876.
- ^ Roman Loimeier (2009). Between social skills and marketable skills: the politics of Islamic education in 20th century Zanzibar. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004175426.
- ^ a b c Myers 1994.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c Siravo 1999.
- ^ a b "Eastern Africa, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ "Islamist riots threaten Zanzibar's stability". IRIN. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 24 October 2012.
- ^ Zanzibar acid attack, 9 August 2013, Daily Mirror
- ^ Zanzibar mosque bombing kills one, wounds seven, Reuters, 14 June 2014
Bibliography
edit- Published in 19th century
The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (August 2015) |
- Edward Steere (1869), Some account of the town of Zanzibar, London: Charles Cull, OCLC 181102819, OL 23332973M
- Richard Burton (1872), "Zanzibar: city, island, and coast", Nature, 5 (122), London: Tinsley brothers: 338, Bibcode:1872Natur...5..338., doi:10.1038/005338a0, hdl:2027/mdp.39015020056217, OCLC 3816910, OL 23363070M, S2CID 39092274
- Karl Wilhelm Schmidt (1888), Sansibar: Ein ostafrikanisches Culturbild (in German), Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus
- "Zanzibar". Handbook of British East Africa. London: War Office. 1893.
- Great Britain. Hydrographic Dept. (1897), "Zanzibar Town", Africa Pilot (6th ed.), London
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- Published in 20th century
- Robert Nunez Lyne (1905), Zanzibar in contemporary times, London: Hurst and Blackett, OL 17935092M
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 958–959.
- "Sansibar". Deutsches Kolonial-Lexikon (in German). 1920 – via Universitätsbibliothek Frankfurt.
- F.B. Pearce (1920), Zanzibar: the island metropolis of eastern Africa, London: T.F. Unwin, OL 13518480M
- "Zanzibar". The Red Book 1922–23: Handbook and Directory for Kenya Colony and Protectorate, Uganda Protectorate, Tanganyika Territory, and Zanzibar Sultanate. Nairobi: East Africa Standard Ltd. 1922. hdl:2027/inu.30000125593750.
- "Zanzibar". Encyclopaedia of Islam. E.J. Brill. 1936. p. 1214+. ISBN 9789004097940.
- "Clove-Scented Zanzibar", National Geographic Magazine, vol. 101, Washington DC, 1952
- Nancy Ingram Nooter (1984). "Zanzibar Doors". African Arts. 17.
- Garth A. Myers (1994), "Making the Socialist City of Zanzibar", Geographical Review, 84 (4): 451–464, doi:10.2307/215759, JSTOR 215759
- Andrew Petersen (1996). "Zanzibar". Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Routledge. p. 316. ISBN 978-1-134-61366-3.
- Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Zanzibar". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. pp. 723–728. ISBN 1884964036.
- Laura Fair (1997). "Kickin' It: Leisure, Politics and Football in Colonial Zanzibar, 1900s–1950s". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 67.
- Garth Andrew Myers (1997). "Sticks and Stones: Colonialism and Zanzibari Housing". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 67 (2): 252–272. doi:10.2307/1161444. JSTOR 1161444. S2CID 146516949.
- Mary Fitzpatrick (1999), "Unguja (Zanzibar Island)", Tanzania, Zanzibar & Pemba, Lonely Planet, p. 148+, ISBN 9780864427267, OL 8314875M
- Francesco Siravo (1999). "Zanzibar: A Plan for the Historic Stone Town". Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013.
- Published in 21st century
- Jørgen Andreasen (2001). "The legacy of mobilisation from above: participation in a Zanzibar neighbourhood". In Arne Tostensen; et al. (eds.). Associational Life in African Cities: Popular Responses to the Urban Crisis. Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. ISBN 978-91-7106-465-3.
- Brian Hoyle (2002). "Urban Waterfront Revitalization in Developing Countries: The Example of Zanzibar's Stone Town". Geographical Journal. 168.
- Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Zanzibar, Tanzania". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
- Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005). "Zanzibar (City)". Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
- Bruce E. Stanley; Michael R.T. Dumper, eds. (2008), "Zanzibar", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zanzibar City.
- "(Zanzibar)". Winterton Collection of East African Photographs: 1860 – 1960. USA: Northwestern University, Herskovits Library of African Studies.