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Timeline of Treblinka extermination camp

(Redirected from Timeline of events at Treblinka)

For broader coverage of this topic, see Treblinka extermination camp.
See also: Timeline of the Grossaktion Warsaw

This article presents the timeline of events at Treblinka extermination camp during the most deadly[1][not specific enough to verify] phase of the Holocaust in World War II.[2][3][4][5] All deportations were from German occupied Poland, except where noted. In most cases the number of deportees are not exact figures, but rather approximations.

Days are listed in chronological order, nevertheless, a number of dates are missing from the below tables which means only that no waybills survived for those particular dates. It does not mean that transports were not arriving or were not processed from layover yards, when applicable.[2]

Day-by-day

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Day # Day of week Date[2] Number of deportees Deported from Cumulative total deportees Known deportees Major Events
Tuesday July 7, 1942 Commandant Irmfried Eberl writes to Heinz Auerswald that Treblinka will be ready to start operations on July 11, 1942.
1 Wednesday July 22, 1942 6,500 Warsaw Ghetto 6,500 First deportation from Warsaw Ghetto.
2 Thursday July 23, 1942 7,300 Warsaw 13,800 Leon Finkelstein Treblinka becomes fully operational.
3 Friday July 24, 1942 7,400 Warsaw 21,200
4 Saturday July 25, 1942 7,530 Warsaw 28,730
5 Sunday July 26, 1942 6,400 Warsaw 35,130
6 Monday July 27, 1942 6,320 Warsaw 41,450
7 Tuesday July 28, 1942 5,020 Warsaw 46,470
8 Wednesday July 29, 1942 5,480 Warsaw 51,950
9 Thursday July 30, 1942 6,430 Warsaw 58,380
10 Friday July 31, 1942 6,756 Warsaw 65,136
11 Saturday August 1, 1942 6,220 Warsaw 71,356
12 Sunday August 2, 1942 6,276 Warsaw 77,632
13 Monday August 3, 1942 6,458 Warsaw 84,090
14 Tuesday August 4, 1942 6,568 Warsaw 90,658
15 Wednesday August 5, 1942 6,623 Warsaw 97,281 Hillel Zeitlin
15 Wednesday August 5, 1942 30,000 Radom Ghetto 127,281 First train of ghetto liquidation action lasting for two weeks with cumulative number of victims.
16 Thursday August 6, 1942 10,085 Warsaw 137,366 Janusz Korczak and 200 orphans Fahrplananordnung Nr. 548; Warsaw – Treblinka.[6][7] One of many:
17 Friday August 7, 1942 10,672 Warsaw 148,038 A German food giveaway creates a backlog at the loading ramp. Four transports in two days cannot accommodate all the people lining up at the Umschlagplatz for the promised bread, some over several days, such was the hunger.[8]
18 Saturday August 8, 1942 7,304 Warsaw 155,342
19 Sunday August 9, 1942 6,292 Warsaw 161,634
20 Monday August 10, 1942 2,158 Warsaw 163,792
21 Tuesday August 11, 1942 7,725 Warsaw 171,517
22 Wednesday August 12, 1942 4,688 Warsaw 176,205 Luba Lewin
23 Thursday August 13, 1942 4,313 Warsaw 180,518
24 Friday August 14, 1942 5,168 Warsaw 185,686 Hanna Katznelson
25 Saturday August 15, 1942 3,633 Warsaw 189,319
26 Sunday August 16, 1942 4,095 Warsaw 193,414
27 Monday August 17, 1942 4,160 Warsaw 197,574
28 Tuesday August 18, 1942 3,926 Warsaw 201,500
29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 4,000 Warsaw 205,500
29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 6,500 Falenica 212,000
29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 7,000 Otwock 219,000
29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 1,800 Rembertów 220,800
29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 3,000 Jadwisin 223,800
29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 3,000 Radzymin 226,800
29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 2,200 Wołomin 229,000
29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 700 Jadów 229,700
29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 5,500 Parczew 235,200
30 Thursday August 20, 1942 4,000 Warsaw 239,200
30 Thursday August 20, 1942 21,000 Kielce 260,200
31 Friday August 21, 1942 3,000 Warsaw 263,200
31 Friday August 21, 1942 6,120 Mińsk Mazowiecki Ghetto closure 269,320
32 Saturday August 22, 1942 3,000 Warsaw 272,320
32 Saturday August 22, 1942 5,000 Siedlce 277,320
32 Saturday August 22, 1942 3,500 Łosice 280,820
32 Saturday August 22, 1942 3,800 Mordy 284,620
33 Sunday August 23, 1942 3,000 Warsaw 287,620 Jankiel Wiernik
34 Monday August 24, 1942 3,000 Warsaw 290,620
35 Tuesday August 25, 1942 3,002 Warsaw 293,622 Abraham Krzepicki
35 Tuesday August 25, 1942 11,000 Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto 304,622 Abraham Goldfarb Fahrplananordnung Nr. 562; Międzyrzec – Treblinka
36 Wednesday August 26, 1942 3,000 Warsaw 307,622 Odilo Globocnik, Christian Wirth and Josef Oberhauser visit Treblinka. Irmfried Eberl is relieved of command.
37 Thursday August 27, 1942 2,454 Warsaw 310,076 53,750 Warsaw Jews have been deported in the past 15 days.[9]
38 Friday August 28, 1942 Unknown Łuków Fahrplananordnung Nr. 565; Łuków – Treblinka. Odilo Globocnik temporarily suspends deportations to Treblinka. The gas chambers have continually broken down and the burial pits are overflowing with bodies. The SS resorts to shooting incoming Jews in the arrival area of the camp and piling bodies throughout the camp. In August, Globocnik orders Franz Stangl, commandant of Sobibor, to replace Dr. Irmfried Eberl as commandant of Treblinka. Stangl restores order in the camp and supervises the building of new gas chambers, which are operational in early autumn 1942. Transports of Warsaw and Radom Jews begin to arrive again in September 1942.[10]
41 Monday August 31, 1942 Commandant Irmfried Eberl leaves Treblinka.
42 Tuesday September 1, 1942 Franz Stangl becomes Commandant of Treblinka II. New, larger gas chambers have been erected to augment older chambers, and commence use. The new chambers are able to kill 12,000 to 15,000 victims every day,[11] with the maximum capacity of 22,000 executions in 24 hours.[12]
44 Thursday September 3, 1942 4,609 Warsaw 314,685 Boris Weinberg Warsaw deportations are restarted. New arrivals are processed the next morning.[13]
45 Friday September 4, 1942 1,669 Warsaw 316,354 Kalman and Tema Taigman[14]
47 Sunday September 6, 1942 3,634 Warsaw 319,988
48 Monday September 7, 1942 6,840 Warsaw 326,828
49 Tuesday September 8, 1942 13,596 Warsaw 340,424
50 Wednesday September 9, 1942 6,616 Warsaw 347,040
50 Wednesday September 9, 1942 Unknown Częstochowa Ghetto Pinchas Epstein
51 Thursday September 10, 1942 5,199 Warsaw 352,239
52 Friday September 11, 1942 5,000 Warsaw 357,239 Jewish-Argentinian inmate Meir Berliner stabs SS-Oberscharführer Max Biala to death in a planned attack. Berliner is then executed by camp officers.
53 Saturday September 12, 1942 4,806 Warsaw 362,045 Abraham Krzepicki escapes.
56 Tuesday September 15, 1942 6,000 Kałuszyn 368,045
56 Tuesday September 15, 1942 1,000 Kołbiel 369,045
56 Tuesday September 15, 1942 1,000 Mrozy/Kuflew 370,045
56 Tuesday September 15, 1942 700 Siennica 370,745
56 Tuesday September 15, 1942 700 Stanisławów 371,445
56 Tuesday September 15, 1942 1,000? Gniewoszów HMM 372,445
57 Wednesday September 16, 1942 6,000 Jędrzejów 378,445
57 Wednesday September 16, 1942 1,000 Sędziszów 379,445 Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587; Sędziszów – Treblinka
57 Wednesday September 16, 1942 1,500 Szczekociny 380,945
57 Wednesday September 16, 1942 5,000 Włoszczowa 385,945
57 Wednesday September 16, 1942 3,000 Wodzisław 388,945
62 Monday September 21, 1942 2,196 Warsaw 391,141 The last transport from the Polish capital. It includes Jewish police forced to help with deportations throughout Grossaktion Warsaw, and their families.[13]
62 Monday September 21, 1942 2,500 Skarżysko-Kamienna 393,641
62 Monday September 21, 1942 4,000 Suchedniów 397,641
62 Monday September 21, 1942 sums to 40,000 Częstochowa Ghetto Fahrplananordnung Nr. 594; Częstochowa – Treblinka (one of many consecutive transports). The Ghetto clearing took place in three weeks between September 21, 1942, and October 8, 1942. Some 7,000 Jews were deported to Treblinka on this day. Members of the Judenrat were sent from Częstochowa on October 4, 1942 (see below).[15]
63 Tuesday September 22, 1942 5,800 Sokołów Podlaski 403,441 Itka Wlos
63 Tuesday September 22, 1942 8,300 Węgrów 411,741
63 Tuesday September 22, 1942 1,100 Kosów Lacki 412,841
63 Tuesday September 22, 1942 1,100 Sterdyń 413,941
63 Tuesday September 22, 1942 2,000 Stoczek 415,941
64 Wednesday September 23, 1942 10,000 Szydłowiec 425,941 Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587 (one of many)
67 Saturday September 26, 1942 5,000 Siedlce 430,941
67 Saturday September 26, 1942 4,800 Biała Podlaska 435,741
68 Sunday September 27, 1942 1,240 Łaskarzew 436,981 Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587
68 Sunday September 27, 1942 13,000 Kozienice 449,981 Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587
70 Tuesday September 29, 1942 10,000? Zwoleń[16] 459,981
72 Thursday October 1, 1942 2,000 Busko-Zdrój 461,981
72 Thursday October 1, 1942 8,000 Chmielnik 469,981
72 Thursday October 1, 1942 4,000 Nowy Korczyn 473,981
72 Thursday October 1, 1942 3,000 Pacanów 476,981
72 Thursday October 1, 1942 3,000 Pińczów 479,981
72 Thursday October 1, 1942 2,000 Radzyń 481,981
73 Friday October 2, 1942 3,440 Parysów 485,421
73 Friday October 2, 1942 3,680 Sobienie-Jeziory 489,101
73 Friday October 2, 1942 1,640 Sobolew 490,741
73 Friday October 2, 1942 10,000 Żelechów 500,741
75 Sunday October 4, 1942 continuing Częstochowa Ghetto
76 Monday October 5, 1942 7,000 Łuków 507,741 Transports unnumbered. Brothers Zygmunt & Oskar Strawczyński arrive from the Łódź Ghetto. Both escape successfully during the uprising; Oskar wrote down his groundbreaking Ten Months in Treblinka in 1943 while in hiding with the Polish rescuers.[17][18][19]
76 Monday October 5, 1942 1,000 Terezín Ghetto, Czechoslovakia 508,741
76 Monday October 5, 1942 continuing Częstochowa Ghetto 548,741
77 Tuesday October 6, 1942 800 Żarki 549,541
77 Tuesday October 6, 1942 Unknown Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto
78 Wednesday October 7, 1942 1,600 Koniecpol 551,141
78 Wednesday October 7, 1942 2,000 Łagów 553,141
79 Thursday October 8, 1942 1,000 Terezín Ghetto, Czechoslovakia 554,141 Richard Glazar, Karl Unger, Rudolf Masarek
81 Saturday October 10, 1942 14,000 Radomsko 568,141
82 Sunday October 11, 1942 11,000 Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski 579,141
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 22,000 Piotrków Ghetto 601,141 The "Aktion" at Piotrków lasted for eight days beginning October 14, 1942. The total of 22,000 prisoners were split into four transports which included Jews expelled to Piotrków from Kamieńsk, Przygłów, Sulejów, Srock, Tuszyn, Wolborz and Rozprza. They did not arrive at Treblinka in one day. Among them were Jews from Bełchatów, Kalisz, Gniezno and Płock also deported to Piotrków.[20]

Old gas chambers cease operation and are replaced with new. Meanwhile, mass deportations from Bezirk Bialystok had just begun, and continue until February 19, 1943. In the next four months over 110,000 Jews from Bialystok General District (which includes Nazi counties of Bialystok Land, Bielsk, Grajewo, Grodno, Łomża, Sokółka, and Wolkowysk) are deported to Treblinka and annihilated.[21]
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 1,500 Gozdowice, German Reich 602,641
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 500 Kamieńsk 603,141
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 2,000 Przygłów 605,141
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 1,500 Sulejów 606,641
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 4,500 Starachowice 611,141
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 4,000 Chotcza Nowa 615,141
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 600 Ciepielów 615,741
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 2,000 Iłża 617,741
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 3,000 Lipsko 620,741
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 2,000 Sienno 622,741
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 7,000 Tarłów 629,741
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 4,000 Wierzbnik, German Reich 633,741
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 1,600 Iwaniska 635,341
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 3,300 Ciechanowice, German Reich 638,641
86 Thursday October 15, 1942 2,000 Terezín Ghetto, Czechoslovakia 640,641
90 Monday October 19, 1942 2,000 Terezín Ghetto, Czechoslovakia 642,641
91 Tuesday October 20, 1942 6,500 Opatów Ghetto 649,141 Samuel Willenberg
92 Wednesday October 21, 1942 Aron Gelbard escapes.
93 Thursday October 22, 1942 15,000 Tomaszów Mazowiecki 664,141
93 Thursday October 22, 1942 4,000 Biała Rawska 668,141
93 Thursday October 22, 1942 2,000 Orszewice 670,141
93 Thursday October 22, 1942 3,000 Koluszki 673,141
93 Thursday October 22, 1942 3,000 Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą 676,141
93 Thursday October 22, 1942 3,000 Opoczno 679,141
93 Thursday October 22, 1942 4,000 Przysucha 683,141
93 Thursday October 22, 1942 2,000 Terezín Ghetto, Czechoslovakia 685,141
96 Sunday October 25, 1942 500 Osiek 685,641
102 Saturday October 31, 1942 4,000 Rawa Mazowiecka 689,641
102 Saturday October 31, 1942 2,000 Żarnów 691,641
102 Saturday October 31, 1942 800 Ujazd,[22] German Reich 692,441
102 Saturday October 31, 1942 900 Ćmielów 693,341
102 Saturday October 31, 1942 500 Kunów 693,841
102 Saturday October 31, 1942 1,600 Koprzywnica 695,441
102 Saturday October 31, 1942 4,500 Ożarów 699,941
104 Monday November 2, 1942 4,330 Siemiatycze 704,271
105 Tuesday November 3, 1942 9,000 Końskie 713,271
105 Tuesday November 3, 1942 1,000 Gowarczów 714,271
105 Tuesday November 3, 1942 4,000 Radoszyce 718,271
107 Thursday November 5, 1942 5,000 Stopnica 723,271
109 Saturday November 7, 1942 6,000 Staszów 729,271
109 Saturday November 7, 1942 3,000 Łuków 732,271
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,300 Goniądz 733,571 Liquidation of Kielbasin Sammellagger transit camp outside Grodno in the Bezirk Bialystok District, commencing deportation action of up to 28,000 Jews expelled and imprisoned at Kielbasin from 22 surrounding cities and towns of the two sub-districts including Sokolka. The transports arriving at Treblinka started on November 10, 1942, and continued until December 15 for over a month (they did not arrive in one day). The Jews brought for gassing in trains from Kielbasin originated from the following settlements: Goniądz, Trzcianne, Augustów, Grajewo, Rajgród, Szczuczyn, Druskieniki, Jeziory, Lunna, Ostryna, Porzecze, Skidel, Sopockinie, Dąbrowa, Indura, Janow, Krynki, Kuźnica, Korycin, Odelsk, Sidra, Sokółka, Suchowola, and the Grodno Ghetto. Some 9,100 victims among them came from the Borgusze transit camp nearby.[23][24]
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,200 Trzcianne 734,771
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 2,000 Augustów 736,771
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 2,500 Grajewo 739,271
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 600 Rajgród 739,871
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,500 Szczuczyn 741,371
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 500 Druskininkai, now Lithuania 741,871
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 2,000 Jeziory 743,871
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,500 Lunna 745,371
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 2,000 Ostrynka 747,371
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,000 Porzecze 748,371
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 3,000 Skidal 751,371
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 2,000 Sapotskin, now Belarus 753,371
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,000 Dąbrowa Białostocka 754,371
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 2,500 Indura 756,871
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 950 Janów 757,821
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 5,000 Krynki 762,821
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,000 Kuźnica 763,821
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,000 Korycin 764,821
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 500 Odelsk 765,321
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 350 Sidra 765,671
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 8,000 Sokółka 773,671
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 5,100 Suchowola 778,771
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,500 Grodno Ghetto, now Belarus 780,271
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 850 Jałówka 781,121 Liquidation of Volkovysk transit camp. Deportation of up to 16,300 Jews imprisoned temporarily. Similar to the Sammellagger in Kielbasin, the transports began on November 10, 1942, and continued until December 15, 1942, for over a month (none of them arrived in one day). The Jews brought to Treblinka from Volkovysk camp originated from the ghettos in the following settlements: Jałówka, Lyskow, Mosty, Porozow, Roś, Różana, Swislocz, Wolkovysk, and Wolpa.[23][24][25]
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 600 Lyskow 781,721
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 350 Mosty 782,071
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,000 Porozow 783,071
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,000 Ros 784,071
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 3,000 Różana 787,071
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 3,000 Svislach, now Belarus 790,071
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 7,000 Vawkavysk, now Belarus 797,071
112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,500 Wolfa 798,571
117 Sunday November 15, 1942 1,000 Gniewoszów 799,571
122 Friday November 20, 1942 40 cars Biala Podlaska    ? From the communiqué published in January 1943 by the Office of Information of the underground Armia Krajowa, based on the observation of locked freight trains passing through with prisoners destined for Treblinka. Meanwhile, 35 cars with goods were sent to the Third Reich on the way back in five days.[3]
123 Saturday November 21, 1942 40 cars Bialystok    ?
124 Sunday November 22, 1942 40 cars Bialystok    ?
126 Tuesday November 24, 1942 40 cars Grodno    ?
132 Monday November 30, 1942 1,700 Siedlce 801,271
163 Thursday December 31, 1942 According to the Höfle Telegram, the cumulative total of deportees to this date was 713,555, and 10,335 had been deported during the two weeks previous to this date. Substantial quantity of November deportations is not in the report.[3]
163 Thursday December 31, 1942 Escape from the Totenlager (extermination area) via a tunnel. Only Lazar Sharson successfully escapes.
169 Wednesday January 6, 1943 4,000 Radomsko 805,271
173 Sunday January 10, 1943 6,000 Sandomierz 811,271
176 Wednesday January 13, 1943 1,500 Radom Ghetto 812,771
176 Wednesday January 13, 1943 5,000 Szydłowiec 817,771
181 Monday January 18, 1943 1,200 Warsaw 818,971
181 Monday January 18, 1943 1,600 Grodno Ghetto, now Belarus 820,571 First stage of Grodno Ghetto liquidation under Kriminalkommissar Heinz Errelis who personally shoots at least 100. Over the course of 5 days, dubbed by the Jews "Operation 10,000" results in a total of some 10,000 Jews sent mostly to Auschwitz through Kielbasin Sammellagger transit camp nearby.[26]
182 Tuesday January 19, 1943 1,200 Warsaw 821,771
183 Wednesday January 20, 1943 1,200 Warsaw 822,971
184 Thursday January 21, 1943 1,200 Warsaw 824,171
185 Friday January 22, 1943 1,200 Warsaw 825,371
188 Monday January 25, 1943 2,120 Jasionówka 827,491
203 Tuesday February 9, 1943 10,000 Białystok Ghetto 837,491 Fahrplananordnung Nr. 552; Bialystok – Treblinka
208 Sunday February 14, 1943 4,400 Grodno Ghetto, Belarus 841,891 Fahrplananordnung Nr. 552; Grodno – Treblinka. Final liquidation of the Ghetto, dubbed "Operation 5,000." Victims are sent in three trains agreed on January 15, 1943, by Berlin. An additional train, Pj 165, leaves Grodno for Treblinka on February 16.[27]
244 Thursday March 11, 1943 Bulgarian military and police authorities transfer 11,343 Jews from the Bulgarian-occupied Thrace, Macedonia and (Serbian) Pirot to German custody pursuant to a February agreement between the SS and representatives of the Bulgarian government. German SS and police officials deport these Jews to Treblinka, where almost all are gassed or shot upon arrival.[10]
244 Monday March 22, 1943 2,338 Skopje, Bulgaria 844,229
247 Thursday March 25, 1943 2,402 Skopje, Bulgaria 846,631
248 Friday March 26, 1943 Fahrplananordnung Nr. 567; Transport from the Reich
250 Sunday March 28, 1943 Telegramm; Transports from Bulgaria and Greece to Treblinka
251 Monday March 29, 1943 2,404 Skopje, Bulgaria 849,035
272 Monday April 19, 1943 7,000 Warsaw 856,035 Result of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
283 Friday May 1, 1943 Wegrów Berek Lajcher, Treblinka revolt leader Final Wegrów Ghetto liquidation
377 Monday August 2, 1943 Treblinka revolt erupts. Some 300 prisoners performing forced labor – aware that the SS will soon kill them – stage an uprising after the initial date of the revolt set for June 15 was postponed due to grenade detonation at the undressing area. Prisoners quietly seize weapons from the camp armory, set fire to barracks, and storm the main gate. Hundreds attempt to climb the barbed-wire fence, but the SS with Trawniki guards kill two-thirds of them with machine-gun fire. Less than a hundred escape successfully, chased in cars and on horses. Camp deportations and gassing operations halt the following month.[10]
393 Wednesday August 18, 1943 Białystok Ghetto Result of the Białystok Ghetto Uprising.[10] Fahrplananordnung Nr. 290; Bialystok – Treblinka.
394 Thursday August 19, 1943 7,600 Białystok Ghetto 863,635+ 7,600 over the two days. Last Jewish transport to Treblinka. All of the deportees on the transport are killed upon arrival.[10]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ [author missing] [title missing] Biuletyn Glownej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich W Polsce [volume & issue needed] [Bulletin of the Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes in Poland] Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Prawnicze [Legal Publishing House]. 1960. (in Polish)
  2. ^ a b c Young, Clancy "Treblinka Death Camp Day-by-Day" H.E.A.R.T - Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team. Tables with record of daily deportations. Retrieved 5 November 2015 via Internet Archive
  3. ^ a b c Arad (1999), p. 356.
  4. ^ Gutman, Israel (1982). The Jews of Warsaw 1939–43. Brighton: The Harvester Press.
  5. ^ Donat, Alexander (1979). The Death Camp Treblinka. New York: Holocaust Library.
  6. ^ Friedländer, Saul (2007). The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939–1945. p. 430.
  7. ^ Lewin, Abraham (1988). Antony Polonsky, ed. A Cup of Tears: A Diary of the Warsaw Ghetto. Oxford. p. 148.
  8. ^ Edelman, Marek (November 1945) [First published as monograph in 1945; republished as chapter in an edited work, 1990]. "The Ghetto Fights". The Warsaw Ghetto: The 45th Anniversary of the Uprising. pp. 17–39. Also published as The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
  9. ^ Jewish Virtual Library, Chronology of Jewish Persecution: 1942 West Bloomfield, MI. Source: Holocaust Memorial Center
  10. ^ a b c d e Treblinka: Chronology
  11. ^ Treblinka Death Camp, with photographs Archived 2012-03-22 at the Wayback Machine, Ounsdale, PDF (2.2 MB)
  12. ^ Sumler, David E. (1973). A history of Europe in the twentieth century. Homewood, Illinois (US): Dorsey Press. p. 250. ISBN 978-0-256-01421-1.
  13. ^ a b Arad (1999), p. 96.
  14. ^ BBC History of World War II. Auschwitz; Inside the Nazi State. Part 3, Factories of Death.
  15. ^ Kuwalek, Robert; Lisciotto, Carmelo (2007). "Czestochowa". H.E.A.R.T. HolocaustResearchProject.org. Retrieved May 10, 2014. By June 1942 the ghetto's population had increased to around 40–50,000.
  16. ^ Kraemer, Jolanta (2009). "Zwoleń". In Dean, Martin (ed.). Section III: General Government (Generalgouvernement) – Radom Region. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945. Vol. II: Ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe – Part A. Series editor: Geoffrey P. Megargee. Bloomington, Indiana; Washington, D.C.: Indiana University Press; in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 354–356. ISBN 9780253353283. Chapter PDF download – via Project Muse.
  17. ^ Kerenji, Emil (2014). Jewish Responses to Persecution: 1942–1943. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 46, 53, 76–77. ISBN 978-1442236271. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  18. ^ ARC (April 22, 2006). "Strawczynski / Strawczynski, Oscar, Zygmunt, Guta and Abus". Treblinka Roll of Remembrance. DeathCamps.org. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  19. ^ Strawczynski, Oscar (1943). "Ten Months in Treblinka! The Oscar Strawczynski Story". H.E.A.R.T 2009. HolocaustResearchProject.org. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
  20. ^ H.E.A.R.T (2007). "Piotrkow Trybunalski: The First Ghetto in Occupied Poland". HolocaustResearchProject.org. Retrieved May 10, 2014.
  21. ^ Arad (1999), "Deportations from Bialystok General District and Ostland". p. 134.
  22. ^ "Ujazd: History". Virtual Shtetl. Museum of the History of Polish Jews; Association of the Jewish Historical Institute of Poland.
  23. ^ a b "Kielbasin Transit Camp: Cities and Towns Where Those in Kielbasin Came From". Geni.com. 2014. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  24. ^ a b Arad (1999), pp. 392–395, 396–397.
  25. ^ "The German occupation - 4: temporary camp outside the city of Wolkowysk". Liquidation of the Ghettos and the Deportations to the Camps (November 2, 1942 – March 12, 1942). Lost Jewish Worlds. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  26. ^ The People vs. Kurt Wiese and Heinz Errelis Accused of Murder. Verdict and Judgment. Cologne District Court, Federal Republic of Germany, June 27, 1968. See: "Operation 10,000" in chapter "Deportation of Jews from Grodno."
  27. ^ Excerpts from the Bielefelf Trial. Final Verdict. Cologne District Court, Federal Republic of Germany, 1968. See: "Operation 5,000" in chapter "The Final Liquidation and Removal, February 1943."

Works cited

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Further reading

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