Wikipedia

Timeline of the 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests (May–December 2011)

Main article: 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests
See also: Timeline of the 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests (January–April 2011), Timeline of the 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests (January–June 2012), and Timeline of the 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests (from July 2012) for earlier and later events

The following is a timeline of the 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests from May to December 2011. The 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests are a series of ongoing protests taking place in Saudi Arabia, which began in January 2011, influenced by concurrent protests in the region.

2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests
Part of Qatif conflict and the Arab Spring
Date11 March 2011 – 24 December 2012
(1 year, 11 months and 3 days)
Location
Saudi Arabia

24°39′00″N 46°46′01″E / 24.65°N 46.767°E / 24.65; 46.767
Caused by
Goals
Methods
Status
  • Saudi government victory
  • Occasional protests since 2013
Concessions
Parties
Lead figures

Saudi Arabia Human Rights Defenders

show all (3)

Saudi Arabia Independent Opposition leaders

Saudi Arabia King Abdullah
King of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia Prince Salman
Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia Prince Nayef
Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia (until June 2012)
Saudi Arabia Prince Muhammad
Interior Minister

Number
Protesters:Thousands[29]
Online campaign:26,000[30]
Casualties and losses
Deaths:36
Injuries:100+[31]
Arrests: Riyadh: 50;[32][33][34] East Province: 952[35][16]
Deaths:13 identified
Injuries:Unknown

In May and June, motivated by the Arab Spring,[36] Manal al-Sharif and other women organised a women's right-to-drive campaign, with the main action to take place on 17 June. Al-Sharif drove a car in May and was detained on 22 May and from 23‒30 May.[3][37][38] Other women also drove cars, including actress Wajnat Rahbini, who was arrested after driving in Jeddah on 4 June and released a day later.[39] From 17 June to late June, about seventy cases of women driving were documented.[40][41][42] In late September, Shaima Jastania was sentenced to 10 lashes for driving in Jeddah, shortly after King Abdullah announced women's participation in the 2015 municipal elections and eligibility as Consultative Assembly members. King Abdullah cancelled the sentence.[43][44]

Protests in the Qatif region continued in October; police shot live ammunition at protestors.[14] The protestors called for Eastern Province to have its own constitution and legislative assembly, and for their association Society for Development and Change to be legally registered.[14] In late November, Nasser al-Mheishi, Ali al-Felfel, Munib al-Sayyed al-'Adnan and Ali Abdullah al-Qarairis were shot dead by security forces in the Qatif region in successive protests and funerals.[45][46][47][48]

Hundreds of people protested in Riyadh and Buraidah in December, calling for the release or trial of prisoners.[48]

May

edit

Street protests in and near Qatif and the beginning of a women's driving campaign took place in May 2011.[37]

During the second week of May 2011, a woman inspired by the Arab Spring, Najla Hariri, started driving a car in Jeddah despite a de facto ban on women driving. She stated, "Before in Saudi, you never heard about protests. [But] after what has happened in the Middle East, we started to accept a group of people going outside and saying what they want in a loud voice, and this has had an impact on me."[49] On 21 May, Manal al-Sharif, a women's rights activist who helped start a women's right to drive campaign, was detained for six hours after a video showing her driving in Khobar in the Eastern Province, filmed by another women's rights activist, Wajeha al-Huwaider, gained widespread popularity on YouTube and Facebook.[3][37][38] Al-Sharif was detained again from 22 May[50] to 30 May, when she was released on bail,[51] on the conditions of returning for questioning if requested, not driving and not talking to the media.[52] The New York Times and Associated Press associated the long duration of al-Sharif's detention with Saudi authorities' fear of protests.[53][54] On 23 May, another woman was detained for driving a car. She drove with two women passengers in Ar Rass and was detained by traffic police in the presence of the religious police (CPVPV). She was released after signing a statement that she would not drive again.[55] In reaction to al-Sharif's arrest, several more Saudi women published videos of themselves driving during the following days.[54]

June

edit
Main article: Women to drive movement
See also: Manal al-Sharif and Wajeha al-Huwaider

The women's driving campaign continued in June.

Wajnat Rahbini, a Saudi actress famous in the Arab world for playing in the satirical comedy Tash ma Tash, broadcast annually during Ramadan, drove her car "in defiance of a long-standing ban on female driving"[56] on 4 June in Jeddah. She was detained after exiting her car and released the following day without bail.[39][56]

On 17 June, the main date for the women's driving campaign,[37][50] about 30 to 40 women drove cars in towns around Saudi Arabia, including Maha al-Qahtani and Eman al-Nafjan in Riyadh, and other women in Jeddah and Dammam. When she drove for a second time the same day, al-Qahtani was given a ticket for driving without a Saudi Arabian licence. The Guardian interpreted the lack of arrests as a deliberate change in government policy, stating, "police appeared to be under orders not to intervene."[40]

October

edit

On 4 October, there was a firefight between unidentified gunmen and Saudi security personnel in Qatif, injuring between 11 police and at least 3 civilians. The government blamed "a foreign country", presumably Iran, for the unrest.[57][58]

This confrontation grew out of a conflict in Awamiyah, a predominantly Shi'a town in the Qatif district, when security forces arrested a 60-year-old man to force his son, who was active in a movement to force Saudi Arabia to withdraw from Bahrain, to give himself up. Molotov cocktails were thrown at the police station.[14][59] The protestors want a constitution and an independent legislative assembly for the Eastern Province and for the Society for Development and Change to be legally registered.[14]

November

edit

On 20, 21 and 23 November, five people, Nasser al-Mheishi, Ali al-Felfel, Munib al-Sayyed al-'Adnan and Ali Abdullah al-Qarairis were killed and six others were wounded by police bullets during a protest in Qatif, the funeral for al-Muhaishi, and a follow-up protest for the deaths of al-Muhaishi and al-Filfil.[45][46][47][48]

December

edit

On 16 December, about 100 people, mostly women, protested in Riyadh and Buraidah demanding that prisoners be released or tried. About 50 people were arrested in the two cities. Many were released by 23 December.[48] On 23 December, a nationwide mosque sit-in protest again took place in cities including Riyadh and Jeddah, calling for the release of Dr. Yusuf al-Ahmad,[48] imprisoned after having sent a Twitter message in support of prisoners' families. The protestors said that there are 30,000 political prisoners, mostly prisoners of conscience in Saudi Arabia. Thirty men and thirty women among the Riyadh protestors were arrested. Most were released by 28 December.[48]

References

edit
  1. ^ Laessing, Ulf; Alsharif, Asma (5 February 2011). "Saudi women protest, web activists call for reform". Swiss Info. Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
  2. ^ a b "Voters register for Saudi municipal elections". Al Jazeera. 23 April 2011. Archived from the original on 25 April 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e al-Huwaider, Wajeha (23 May 2011). "The Saudi woman who took to the driver's seat". France 24. Archived from the original on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
  4. ^ "Corruption in Saudi Arabia's Government reaches All Time Highs". Islam Times. 1 December 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
  5. ^ Kawach, Nadim (17 April 2011). "Saudi public sector hit by corruption". Emirates 24/7. Archived from the original on 14 July 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
  6. ^ "Saudi protests against unemployment". Al-Ahram. Reuters. 9 January 2011. Archived from the original on 14 July 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
  7. ^ Alsharif, Asma; Jason Benham (10 April 2011). "Saudi unemployed graduates protest to demand jobs". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 July 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
  8. ^ al-Alawi, Irfan (1 April 2011). "Saudi Arabia's anti-protest fatwa is transparent". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 April 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  9. ^ Jansen, Michael (19 March 2011). "Saudi king announces huge spending to stem dissent". The Irish Times. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
  10. ^ al-Saeri, Muqbil (March 2011). "A talk with Peninsula Shield force commander Mutlaq Bin Salem al-Azima". Asharq al-Awsat. Archived from the original on 29 March 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
  11. ^ "Saudi Shi'ites protest, support Bahrain brethren". Reuters. 16 March 2011. Archived from the original on 17 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  12. ^ Benham, Jason (25 March 2011). "Hundreds of Saudi Shi'ites protest in east". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 March 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
  13. ^ "Al-Nimr's death sentence triggers protest". yementimes.com.
  14. ^ a b c d e Cockburn, Patrick (5 October 2011). "Saudi police 'open fire on civilians' as protests gain momentum". The Independent. UK. Archived from the original on 12 December 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  15. ^ "Two die during Saudi Arabia protest at Shia cleric arrest". 9 July 2012 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
  16. ^ a b "Saudi Arabia: Arrests for Peaceful Protest on the Rise". Human Rights Watch. 27 March 2011. Archived from the original on 31 March 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  17. ^ al-Suhaimy, Abeed (23 March 2011). "Saudi Arabia announces municipal elections". Asharq al-Awsat. Archived from the original on 2 April 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  18. ^ Abu-Nasr, Donna (28 March 2011). "Saudi Women Inspired by Fall of Mubarak Step Up Equality Demand". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2 April 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
  19. ^ "Saudis vote in municipal elections, results on Sunday". Oman Observer. AFP. 30 September 2011. Archived from the original on 14 December 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  20. ^ Alsharif, Asma (8 August 2012). "Saudi authorities crack down on rights campaigners: activists". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  21. ^ Ottaway, David B. (3 August 2012). "Saudi Arabia's Race Against Time" (PDF). Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Archived from the original on 14 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  22. ^ Rosie Bsheer (7 May 2012). "Saudi Revolutionaries: An Interview". Jadaliyya. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
  23. ^ "أمريكا تقول للسعوديين الحق في الاحتجاج سلميا". Reuters. 8 March 2011. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  24. ^ أحداث "القطيف" وعلاقة إيران بشيعة السعودية. مونت كارلو الدولية / MCD (in Arabic). 7 October 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  25. ^ "Saudi-Arabiens Mächtige werden nervös". Handelsblatt (in German). DPA. 2 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 March 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  26. ^ "Report: Saudi Facebook activist planning protest shot dead". Monsters and Critics. DPA. 2 March 2011. Archived from the original on 2 March 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  27. ^ Bustamante, Tom (2 March 2011). "Iraq Oil Refinery Attack Shows Need for EarthSearch (ECDC) Systems". Wall Street Newscast. Archived from the original on 2 March 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  28. ^ Matthiesen, Toby (23 January 2012). "Saudi Arabia: the Middle East's most under-reported conflict". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 January 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  29. ^ "Kuwait Navy set for Bahrain - Saudi Shias Rally". Arab Times. 18 March 2011. Archived from the original on 19 March 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  30. ^ E, Sara (6 March 2011). "Saudi Facebook Administrator Faisal Ahmed Abdul-Ahadwas reportedly shot as Saudi Arabia bans protests ahead of its Day of Rage". EU-digest. Archived from the original on 9 March 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
  31. ^ "Saudi police wound 3 Shiite protesters: witness". France 24. AFP. 10 March 2011. Archived from the original on 10 March 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
  32. ^ "Saudi police break up protest outside Riyadh interior ministry". International Business Times. 21 March 2011. Archived from the original on 21 March 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  33. ^ Chulov, Martin (21 March 2011). "Egyptians endorse reforms but Arab discontent simmers". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 March 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  34. ^ "Women remain barred from voting as Saudi Arabia announces elections". The National. AP/Bloomberg. 23 March 2011. Archived from the original on 22 March 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
  35. ^ "3 جرحى من الشرطة السعودية بهجوم مسلح في القطيف". جفرا نيوز. 26 February 2014. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
  36. ^ "Five Saudi women drivers arrested, says activist". The Guardian/AP. 29 June 2011. Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  37. ^ a b c d Al-Shihri, Abdullah (21 May 2011). "Manal al-Sherif, Saudi Woman, Detained For Defying Driving Ban". Huffington Post/AP. Archived from the original on 23 May 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
  38. ^ a b Stewart, Catrina (23 May 2011). "Saudi woman arrested after defying driving ban". The Independent. UK. Archived from the original on 23 May 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
  39. ^ a b Toumi, Habib (5 June 2011). "Saudi actress Rahbini took driving lessons from husband". Gulf News. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  40. ^ a b Burke, Jason (17 June 2011). "Saudi Arabia women test driving ban". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 20 June 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
  41. ^ al-Nafjan, Eman (29 June 2011). "Saudi women driving movement". Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  42. ^ Khan, Muna (20 June 2011). "Highway to Nowhere. Why is it so hard to give the wheel to women?". Al Arabiya. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  43. ^ al-Omran, Ahmed (29 September 2011). "Reports: Saudi King Cancels Lashing Sentence Against Woman Who Drove". NPR. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  44. ^ Dolan, Kerry A. (28 September 2011). "Saudi King Revokes Lashing Punishment For Woman Driver". Forbes. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  45. ^ a b "Saudi security forces 'fire on protesters'". Al Jazeera. 22 November 2011. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
  46. ^ a b al-Khoei, Hayder (28 November 2011). "Deadly shootings in Saudi Arabia, but Arab media look the other way". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
  47. ^ a b "Two Shot Dead in Renewed Shiite Protests in Saudi". CDHRAP. Agence France-Presse. 24 November 2011. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
  48. ^ a b c d e f "Saudi Arabia: Renewed Protests Defy Ban". Human Rights Watch. 30 December 2011. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  49. ^ Buchanan, Michael (18 May 2011). "Saudi woman seeks to put women in the driving seat". BBC. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
  50. ^ a b "Histoire du monde: le droit de conduire" (in French). RTBF. 23 May 2011. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
  51. ^ "Detained Saudi woman driver to be freed on bail". France 24. Agence France-Presse. 31 May 2011. Archived from the original on 31 May 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  52. ^ Murphy, Caryle (31 May 2011). "Saudi woman driver released from jail after nine days". The National. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  53. ^ MacFarquhar, Neil (23 May 2011). "Saudis Arrest Woman Leading Right-to-Drive Campaign". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 May 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
  54. ^ a b Michael, Maggie (26 May 2011). "Saudi authorities extend detention of woman who defied ban on female drivers". Winnipeg Free Press/AP. Archived from the original on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  55. ^ "Saudi woman caught driving in Qassim". Arab News. 24 May 2011. Archived from the original on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
  56. ^ a b "Saudi actress held for driving car". Emirates 24|7. 5 June 2011. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  57. ^ "Saudi Arabia says a 'foreign country' is fomenting unrest in Eastern Province". Al Arabiya. 4 October 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  58. ^ Carey, Glen (4 October 2011). "Saudi Security Forces Wounded in Attack in Eastern Province". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
  59. ^ "Saudis blame foreigners". Archived from the original on 9 August 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_2011–2012_Saudi_Arabian_protests_(May–December_2011)&oldid=1183392068"