This is a timeline of women's suffrage in Florida. Ella C. Chamberlain began women's suffrage efforts in Florida starting in 1892. However, after Chamberlain leaves the state in 1897, suffrage work largely ceases until the next century. More women's suffrage groups are organized, with the first in the twentieth century being the Equal Franchise League in Jacksonville, Florida in 1912. Additional groups are created around Florida, including a Men's Equal Suffrage League of Florida. Suffragists lobby the Florida Legislature for equal suffrage, hold conventions, and educate voters. Several cities in Florida pass laws allowing women to vote in municipal elections, with Fellsmere being the first in 1915. Zena Dreier becomes the first woman to legally cast a vote in the South on June 19, 1915. On May 26, 1919, women in Orlando vote for the first time. After the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, Helen Hunt West becomes the first woman in Florida to register to vote under equal franchise rules on September 7, 1920. Florida does not ratify the Nineteenth Amendment until May 13, 1969.
19th century
edit1890s
edit1892
- Fall: Ella C. Chamberlain starts a suffrage newspaper column in Tampa.[1]
1893
- January: The Florida Woman Suffrage Association (FWSA) is formed.[2]
1894
- Chamberlain addressed the Carpenters' Union in Florida two times and distributed literature.[1]
- FWSA holds a successful suffrage bazaar to raise money.[1]
1895
- January: A state suffrage convention is held in Tampa.[1]
1897
- Chamberlain leaves Florida and women's suffrage remains dormant for some time.[3]
20th century
edit1900s
edit
1907
1910s
edit1912
- June 15: The Equal Franchise League of Jacksonville is formed.[3]
1913
- February 13: The Political Equality Club of Lake Helen is organized.[4]
- February 27: The Equal Suffrage Club of Orlando is formed.[5]
- March 3: Florida women march in the Woman Suffrage Procession.[6]
- April: Equal Franchise League of Jacksonville asks the Florida Legislature to pass a women's suffrage amendment for the state constitution.[7] The bill does not pass.[7]
- October: Several women in Orlando attempt to register to vote.[8][4]
- November: State suffrage convention takes place at the same time as the Florida Federation of Woman's Clubs meeting.[9] The Florida Equal Suffrage Association (FESA) is formed.[4]
1914
- The Men's Equal Suffrage League of Florida is formed.[10]
- The Pensacola Equal Suffrage League and the Milton Equal Suffrage League are formed.[11][12]
- December 8–10: Equal suffrage convention is held in Pensacola.[13][9] Pattie Ruffner Jacobs speaks at this convention.[14]
- July 3: The Equal Franchise League of Jacksonville edited a special suffrage edition of the State.[15]
- September: The Pensacola Equal Suffrage League edits a special edition of the Pensacola Journal.[15]
1915
- February 3: Equal suffrage convention held in Orlando.[16]
- March: Anna Howard Shaw visits Winter Haven and gives several suffrage talks there and later in Pensacola.[17]
- June 19 : Zena Dreier in Fellsmere becomes the first woman in the South to vote in an election.[18]
- The Florida Federation of Women's Clubs (FFWC) endorses women's suffrage.[16]
- A women's suffrage bill is considered by the State Legislature, but does not pass.[19]
1916
- March 15–16: Equal suffrage convention held in Miami.[16]
1917
- April: Another effort to pass a women's suffrage bill is taken up, but eventually fails in the State Legislature.[19]
- May: A Florida chapter of the National Woman's Party (NWP) is organized after Alice Paul visits.[20]
- November 10: Mary A. Nolan of Jacksonville is arrested for picketing the White House.[21]
- November 15: Nolan is present for the Night of Terror.[21]
- November 20: Women's suffrage convention held in Tampa.[13][16] Jacobs speaks again at this convention.[14]
1918
- November: Special legislative session considers drafting a resolution in support of the United States Congress to pass a federal suffrage amendment.[22] It does not pass.[22] Bills providing municipal suffrage for women in Aurantia, Daytona, Daytona Beach, DeLand, and Orange City pass.[22]
- November 19: State suffrage convention held in Daytona.[13]
1919
- January: James L. Giles, mayor of Orlando, requests an amendment to the city charter to allow women to vote and it is passed by City Council.[23]
- January: Shaw visits Florida and raises money for the suffrage effort.[24]
- February 18–19: The Prison Special visits Jacksonville.[25]
- March: Winter Park, Florida aldermen request municipal suffrage for women in the city.[23]
- April: A Primary Suffrage bill is promoted and considered in the Florida Legislature.[19]
- May 26: Orlando women vote for the first time.[23]
- July: Women in Winter Park vote for the first time.[23]
- October: Florida women's suffrage convention meets in Tampa.[26]
1920s
edit1920
- September 7: Helen Hunt West becomes the first woman in Florida to register to vote with full suffrage rights.[27][28]
1921
- The Florida Equal Franchise League dissolves and forms into the League of Women Voters of Florida.[7]
1924
- The Indian Citizenship Act is passed, giving Native Americans citizenship in the United States.[29]
1960s
edit1965
- The Voting Rights Act is passed, preventing disenfranchisement of African-American and Native-American women.[30]
1969
- May 13: Florida ratifies the Nineteenth Amendment.[31]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d Anthony 1902, p. 577.
- ^ "Ella Chamberlain". Lower Keys League of Women Voters. July 13, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
- ^ a b c Harper 1922, p. 113.
- ^ a b c Harper 1922, p. 114.
- ^ Taylor 1957, p. 45-46.
- ^ O'Neill, Brittany. "Biographical Sketch of Edith May Owen Stoner". Biographical Database of NAWSA Suffragists, 1890–1920 – via Alexander Street.
- ^ a b c Harper 1922, p. 118.
- ^ Taylor 1957, p. 45.
- ^ a b Harper 1922, p. 115.
- ^ Wallace, Joy (April 1, 2001). "SUFFRAGISTS, UNITARIANS HELPED CHANGE ORLANDO". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
- ^ LWV 1995, p. 7.
- ^ LWV 1995, p. 9.
- ^ a b c Taylor 1957, p. 46.
- ^ a b Taylor 1957, p. 50.
- ^ a b Taylor 1957, p. 51.
- ^ a b c d Harper 1922, p. 116.
- ^ Taylor 1957, p. 49.
- ^ Webb, Kristina (November 8, 2016). "This small Florida city let women vote 5 years before 19th Amendment". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
- ^ a b c Harper 1922, p. 119.
- ^ Taylor 1957, p. 53.
- ^ a b "Mary A. Nolan". Turning Point Suffragist Memorial. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
- ^ a b c Taylor 1957, p. 58.
- ^ a b c d Andrews, Mark (September 8, 1996). "LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LED THE WAY IN WOMEN'S MARCH FOR SUFFRAGE". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
- ^ Harper 1922, p. 117.
- ^ "Detailed Chronology National Woman's Party History" (PDF). American Memory. Library of Congress. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
- ^ Taylor 1957, p. 46-47.
- ^ Johnson 1970, p. 307.
- ^ Campana, Kayla. "Biographical Sketch of Helen Hunt West". Biographical Database of Militant Woman Suffragists, 1913–1920 – via Alexander Street.
- ^ "Indian Citizenship Act". Florida Gulf Coast University. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
- ^ "History Of Federal Voting Rights Laws". The United States Department of Justice. August 6, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2020.
- ^ "Florida and the 19th Amendment". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
Sources
edit- Anthony, Susan B. (1902). Anthony, Susan B.; Harper, Ida Husted (eds.). The History of Woman Suffrage. Vol. 4. Indianapolis: The Hollenbeck Press.
- Harper, Ida Husted (1922). The History of Woman Suffrage. New York: J.J. Little & Ives Company.
- Johnson, Kenneth R. (January 1970). "The Woman Suffrage Movement in Florida". The Florida Historical Quarterly. 48 (3): 299–312. JSTOR 30161501 – via JSTOR.
- LWV (1995). "When Women Vote: A Study of the Pensacola Suffragist Movement and the Founding of the League of Women Voters of the Pensacola Bay Area and Its History" (PDF). The League of Women Voters of the Pensacola Bay Area.
- Taylor, A. Elizabeth (July 1957). "The Woman Suffrage Movement in Florida". The Florida Historical Quarterly. 36 (1): 42–60. JSTOR 30138972 – via JSTOR.