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Tomás de Torrejón y Velasco

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Tomás de Torrejón y Velasco Sánchez (23 December 1644 – 23 April 1728) was a Spanish composer, musician and organist based in Peru, associated with the American Baroque.

Life

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Torrejón y Velasco was born in Villarrobledo and spent his childhood in the town Fuencarral (now a district of Madrid), the birthplace of his father, Miguel de Torrejón, a huntsman in Philip IV of Spain's employ. In 1658, while still in Spain, he entered into the service of Pedro Fernández de Castro y Andrade, Count of Lemos, who later became the viceroy of Peru. In 1667, he traveled to Lima along with the new viceroy, as one of the viceroy's 113 personal attendants. From 21 November 1667 until 1672 he was superintendent of the armoury at Lima. In 1673 he was appointed magistrate and chief justice of Chachapoyas province, a position he held for four years. In 1676 he was appointed maestro de capilla at the Cathedral of Lima, replacing Juan de Araujo. He remained in that position until his death more than fifty years later in 1728. Torrejón was deeply religious, and adhered unconditionally to the ethical and legal framework of his time, as well as the precepts of the Catholic Church. Married twice (his first wife died) he had a total of six children, five of whom entered religious orders. He died in Lima.

Torrejón's works are some of the most important to the Spanish Baroque movement in the American colonies. Throughout his career as a composer he received wide acclaim; his villancicos were known as far away as Guatemala, and at both Trujillo and Cuzco his opinions were solicited before crucial musical decisions were taken.

Fifteen of his original manuscripts are preserved in the historical archives of the Cathedral of Guatemala. He is the author of the first known opera written in America, La púrpura de la rosa (1701). His rorro (lullaby) was still sung in Cuzco many years after his death. Of particular interest are his polychoral compositions for two organs. A second organ was installed in the Lima Cathedral in 1680 and Torrejón y Velasco composed a polychoral villancico especially for the two organs.

List of works

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Opera

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Other works

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(with basso continuo unless stated otherwise)

  • A este sol peregrino, 4vv
  • Aladas gerarquias a quien toca, 7vv
  • Angelicas milicias, 12vv
  • A Señor que se acerca, 4vv
  • Atencion que para hacer en todo cabal la fiesta, 4vv
  • Aves flores, 11vv (1683)
  • Ave verum corpus, 4vv
  • Cantarico que bas a la fuente, 4vv (1678?)
  • Desta rosa tan bella, 2vv
  • Desvelado dueño mio, 8vv
  • Dixit Dominus, 10vv
  • Enigma soy viviente, 2vv
  • Es mi Rosa bella, vv (1679?)
  • Gilguerillo que contas gimiendo, 2vv
  • Ha de el ver, 3vv
  • Incognito barquero que surcas, 1v
  • Lamentation for Wednesday of Holy Week, 8vv
  • Luzeros volad, 1–2vv, instruments
  • Magnificat sexti toni, 12vv
  • Nisi Dominus, 3vv
  • Quando el bien que adoro, 2vv
  • Quatro plumages ayrosos, 4vv
  • Regem cui omnia vivunt, 8vv
  • Si el alba sonora se cifra en mi voz, 2vv (1719?)
  • Tenganmele señores, 4vv
  • Triste caudal de lagrimas, 2vv
  • Varquero que surcas, 1v

References

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  • Stein, Louise K (1992), "Torrejón y Velasco, Tomás de" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
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