In mathematics, topological dynamics is a branch of the theory of dynamical systems in which qualitative, asymptotic properties of dynamical systems are studied from the viewpoint of general topology.
Scope
editThe central object of study in topological dynamics is a topological dynamical system, i.e. a topological space, together with a continuous transformation, a continuous flow, or more generally, a semigroup of continuous transformations of that space. The origins of topological dynamics lie in the study of asymptotic properties of trajectories of systems of autonomous ordinary differential equations, in particular, the behavior of limit sets and various manifestations of "repetitiveness" of the motion, such as periodic trajectories, recurrence and minimality, stability, non-wandering points. George Birkhoff is considered to be the founder of the field. A structure theorem for minimal distal flows proved by Hillel Furstenberg in the early 1960s inspired much work on classification of minimal flows. A lot of research in the 1970s and 1980s was devoted to topological dynamics of one-dimensional maps, in particular, piecewise linear self-maps of the interval and the circle.
Unlike the theory of smooth dynamical systems, where the main object of study is a smooth manifold with a diffeomorphism or a smooth flow, phase spaces considered in topological dynamics are general metric spaces (usually, compact). This necessitates development of entirely different techniques but allows an extra degree of flexibility even in the smooth setting, because invariant subsets of a manifold are frequently very complicated topologically (cf limit cycle, strange attractor); additionally, shift spaces arising via symbolic representations can be considered on an equal footing with more geometric actions. Topological dynamics has intimate connections with ergodic theory of dynamical systems, and many fundamental concepts of the latter have topological analogues (cf Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy and topological entropy).
See also
editReferences
edit- D. V. Anosov (2001) [1994], "Topological dynamics", Encyclopedia of Mathematics, EMS Press
- Joseph Auslander (ed.). "Topological dynamics". Scholarpedia.
- Robert Ellis, Lectures on topological dynamics. W. A. Benjamin, Inc., New York 1969
- Walter Gottschalk, Gustav Hedlund, Topological dynamics. American Mathematical Society Colloquium Publications, Vol. 36. American Mathematical Society, Providence, R. I., 1955
- J. de Vries, Elements of topological dynamics. Mathematics and its Applications, 257. Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Dordrecht, 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2287-8
- Ethan Akin, The General Topology of Dynamical Systems, AMS Bookstore, 2010, ISBN 978-0-8218-4932-3
- J. de Vries, Topological Dynamical Systems: An Introduction to the Dynamics of Continuous Mappings, De Gruyter Studies in Mathematics, 59, De Gruyter, Berlin, 2014, ISBN 978-3-1103-4073-0
- Jian Li and Xiang Dong Ye, Recent development of chaos theory in topological dynamics, Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series, 2016, Volume 32, Issue 1, pp. 83–114.