The Battle of Toulouse saw a French army led by Marshal Nicolas Soult defend the city of Toulouse against the Marquess of Wellington's British, Portuguese, and Spanish army. The fighting took place on 10 April 1814 and Soult evacuated the city late in the evening of 11 April after suffering defeat. Allied casualties in the bitter fighting exceeded French losses by more than a thousand. Official news of the end of the war did not reach Wellington until the afternoon of 12 April.
Abbreviations used
editMilitary rank
edit- Gen = General
- Lt Gen = Lieutenant-General
- Maj Gen = Major-General
- GD = général de division
- Brig Gen = Brigadier-General
- GB = général de brigade
- Col = Colonel
- Lt Col = Lieutenant Colonel
- Maj = Major
- Capt = Captain
- Lt = Lieutenant
Other
edit- (w) = wounded
- (mw) = mortally wounded
- (k) = killed in action
- (c) = captured
Anglo-Allied Army
editCommander-in-Chief: Field Marshal the Marquess of Wellington[1][2][3]
Cavalry Commander: Lt Gen Stapleton Cotton
Quartermaster-General: Maj Gen Sir George Murray
Adjutant-General: Maj Gen the Hon Edward Pakenham
Military Secretary: Capt (brevet Lt Col) Lord FitzRoy Somerset
Commander, Royal Artillery: brevet Lt Col Alexander Dickson
Commander, Royal Engineers: Lt Col Howard Elphinstone
Army total: 48,765 (40,325 infantry, 6,490 cavalry, 1,950 artillery)
Wellington's Corps
edit| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|
| Light Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 3rd Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 3rd Brigade
|
| |
| Cavalry Division
|
Heavy Cavalry Brigade
|
|
| Light Cavalry Brigade
|
||
| Unattached Cavalry Brigades
|
Heavy Cavalry Brigade
|
|
| Heavy Cavalry Brigade
|
| |
| Artillery
|
| |
| Corps total: 14,625 (8,841 infantry, 3,834 cavalry, 1,950 artillery) | ||
Freire's Corps (part of Spanish 4th Army)
editGen Manuel Freire[7]
| Division | Regiments and Others | |
|---|---|---|
| Spanish Provisional Division (Brigades from 3rd and 5th Divisions)
|
| |
| Spanish 4th Division
|
| |
| Cavalry |
| |
| Artillery |
| |
| Corps total: 7,535 infantry | ||
Hill's Corps
editLt Gen Sir Rowland Hill
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|
| 2nd Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 3rd Brigade
|
| |
| Portuguese Brigade
|
| |
| Portuguese Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| Spanish 1st Division
|
| |
| Artillery |
| |
| Corps total: 12,893 infantry | ||
Beresford's Corps
edit| Division[8] | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|
| 4th Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| Portuguese Brigade
|
| |
| 6th Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| Portuguese Brigade
|
| |
| Cavalry
|
1st Hussar Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Hussar Brigade
|
| |
| Artillery |
| |
| Corps total: 13,712 (11,056 infantry, 2,656 cavalry) | ||
French Army of Spain
editCommander-in-Chief: Marshal Soult[10][11]
Army total: 38,843 (31,793 infantry, 2,700 cavalry, 4,350 artillery)
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and Others |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 2nd Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 4th Division
|
1st Brigade |
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 5th Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 6th Division
|
1st Brigade |
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| 8th Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| Reserve Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade |
| |
| Cavalry Division
|
1st Brigade
|
|
| 2nd Brigade
|
| |
| Auxiliaries
|
| |
| Army total: 38,843 (31,793 infantry, 2,700 cavalry, 4,350 artillery) | ||
References
edit- ^ Smith, p 519. Note that Smith does not list the regiments suffering no losses.
- ^ Glover, p 358-359, p 382-387. Units not listed in Smith are inferred from Glover appendices 2 and 5.
- ^ Hope's Corps (1st and 5th Divisions) was besieging Bayonne.
- ^ Oman, p 372-373. Oman writes that Fane exercised command over both his own brigade and Clifton's.
- ^ Lipscombe (2010) has Arentschildt commanding this brigade, and Grüben commandingthe KGL Hussar brigade
- ^ This figure is the total for artillery across the three Anglo-Portuguese corps
- ^ The brigade of Morillo's Spanish 1st Division was also part of Freire's 4th Army, but operated under the command of Hill's corp for the battle (Lipscombe, 2010, p.349)
- ^ The 7th Division had been left in Bordeaux (Glover p. 324)
- ^ Oman, p 372. Vivian was wounded on 8 April.
- ^ Smith, p 500-501 and 518-519. For Toulouse, Smith lists the same unit totals as for Orthez. The following totals subtract the losses at Orthez given by Smith.
- ^ Glover, p 394. To these totals must be added one of Harispe's brigades (Brigade Paris?) which was broken up after Orthez and used to reinforce other units.
Books
edit- Chandler, David. Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars. New York: Macmillan, 1979. ISBN 0-02-523670-9
- Glover, Michael. The Peninsular War 1807-1814. London: Penguin, 2001. ISBN 0-14-139041-7
- Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill, 1998. ISBN 1-85367-276-9
- Oman, Charles. Wellington's Army, 1809-1814. London: Greenhill, (1913) 1993. ISBN 0-947898-41-7
- Lipscombe, Nick (2010). The Peninsular War Atlas. Oxford: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84908-364-5.