Henri Frans de Ziel (15 January 1916 – 3 February 1975), working under the pen name of Trefossa, was a neoromantic writer in Dutch and Sranan Tongo from Suriname. He is best known for the Sranan Tongo stanzas of Suriname's National Anthem.[1]
Trefossa | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Henri Frans de Ziel 15 January 1916 Paramaribo, Suriname |
| Died | 3 February 1975 (aged 59) Haarlem, Netherlands |
| Occupation | writer, poet, teacher |
| Language | Dutch Sranan Tongo |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Notable works | God zij met ons Suriname (Suriname's National Anthem) |
Biography
editHe was an educator and lived in the Netherlands from 1953 to 1956.[2] Upon his return to Suriname he was part of the editorial staff of the magazines Tongoni (1958-1959) and Soela (1962-1964).[3] He also served briefly as the director-librarian of Suriname's Cultural Centre (Cultureel Centrum Suriname (CCS)).[2] He subsequently returned to the Netherlands to work on the publication of Johannes King's memoirs.[3]
Trefossa wrote primarily about the beauty of his native country, Suriname, especially as a source of peace to the restless mind. He influenced many writers in Suriname, including Corly Verlooghen, Eugène Rellum, Johanna Schouten-Elsenhout and Michaël Slory, but the depth and subtlety of his verse remain almost unique.[4]
Trefossa was annoyed about the negative nuance in the National Anthem at time, and started to transform the second stanza into a positive message. Trefossa combined this with a poem he wrote in Sranan Tongo on the death of Ronald Elwin Kappel.[5] His anthem was unanimously approved by the Government of Suriname on 7 December 1959.[1] De Ziel originally used a melody by Johannes Helstone, however the government preferred the original 1876 melody.[1]
In 1969, his health started to deteriorate, and he was admitted to the sanatorium Zonneduin in Bloemendaal. Here he met his wife, Hulda Walser, whom he married in 1970. On 3 Februari 1975, de Ziel died in Haarlem.[4]
On 21 November 2005, a monument was dedicated in his honour on the Sophie Redmondstraat in Paramaribo. His ashes and the ashes of his wife, Hulda Walser, were also placed at the monument.[4] A documentary film, Trefossa: I Am Not I (Trefossa: Mi a no mi), by filmmaker Ida Does, was produced in 2008.[6]
Poem
editThe poem by Trefossa, referenced in the external link about the mural at the bottom, is translated from Sranan into English below:
| Gronmama | Earthmother |
|---|---|
| Mi a no mi
solanga mi brudu |
I am not myself
until my blood |
| Mi a no mi
solang mi lutu |
I am not myself
until my roots |
| Mi a no mi
solang m'no krari |
I am not myself
until I manage |
| Mi a no mi
solanga y' n'e bari |
I am not myself
until you cry out |
References
edit- ^ a b c "Trefossa en het volkslied van Suriname". Star Nieuws (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ a b H.F. de Ziel, Digital Library for Dutch Literature. "Ala poewema foe Trefossa". Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ a b Shrinivási, Digital Library for Dutch Literature. "Wortoe d'e tan abra". Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ a b c "Herdenking 40ste sterfdag van Trefossa". Dagblad De West (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ "ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 163559". Aviation Safety. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
- ^ Romero, Ivette (2016). "Does, Ida (1955– ), film director and journalist". In Knight, Franklin W.; Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (eds.). Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-93580-2. – via Oxford University Press's Reference Online (subscription required)
Sources
edit- Michiel van Kempen: Een geschiedenis van de Surinaamse literatuur. De Geus, Breda 2003, ISBN 90-445-0277-8.
According to the Dutch page of this article, Michiel van Kempen has given Wikipedia permission to use the above mentioned work.
External links
edit- H.F. de Ziel at Digital Library for Dutch Literature (Ala poewema foe Trefossa, a biography in Dutch, is available as free download)
- Trefossa at Werkgroup Caraïbische Letteren
- (in Dutch) Mural in Leiden