Nitrogen tribromide

Nitrogen tribromide
Names
	IUPAC name nitrogen tribromide
Identifiers
CAS Number	15162-90-0;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	20480821;
PubChem CID	3082084;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID90164822 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3BrH.N/h3*1H;/p-3;
	SMILES N(Br)(Br)Br;
Properties
Chemical formula	NBr3
Molar mass	253.7187 g/mol
Appearance	Deep red solid
Melting point	Explodes at -100 °C
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Nitrogen tribromide is a chemical compound with the formula NBr₃. It is extremely explosive in its pure form, even at −100 °C, and was not isolated until 1975.^[2] It is a deep-red and volatile solid.

Preparation

NBr₃ was first prepared by reaction of bistrimethylsilylbromamine (bis(trimethylsilyl)amine bromide) with bromine monochloride (with trimethylsilyl chloride as byproduct) at −87 °C according to the following equation:

(Me₃Si)₂NBr + 2 BrCl → NBr₃ + 2 Me
₃SiCl

where "Me" is a methyl group.

NBr₃ can be produced by the reaction of bromine or hypobromite and ammonia in a dilute aqueous buffer solution.^[3] It can also be prepared by the reaction of bromine and bromine azide.^[4] Ammonia and bromine undergo glow discharge, and after treatment, red NBr₃·6NH₃ can be obtained.^[5] Pure nitrogen NBr₃ was only produced in 1975.^[6]

Reactions

Nitrogen tribromide reacts instantly with ammonia in dichloromethane solution at −87 °C to yield NBrH₂.^[7]

NBr₃ + 2 NH₃ → 3 NH₂Br

It also reacts with iodine in dichloromethane solution at −87 °C to produce NBr₂I, which is a red-brown solid that stable up to -20 °C.^[7]

NBr₃ + I₂ → NBr₂I + IBr

References

^ Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 4–73, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2
^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 439. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ Galal-Gorchev, Hend; Morris, J. Carrell (Jun 1965). "Formation and Stability of Bromamide, Bromimide, and Nitrogen Tribromide in Aqueous Solution". Inorganic Chemistry. 4 (6): 899–905. doi:10.1021/ic50028a029. ISSN 0020-1669.
^ Klapötke, Thomas M. (1997-01-01). "The reaction of bromine azide with bromine". Polyhedron. 16 (15): 2701–2704. doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(96)00586-4. ISSN 0277-5387.
^ Schmeisser, Martin (1941-05-07). "Über Bromstickstoff". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 246 (3): 284–302. doi:10.1002/zaac.19412460305. ISSN 0863-1786.
^ Jander, Jochen; Knackmuss, Jürgen; Thiedemann, Klaus-Ulrich (1975-06-01). "Notizen: Darstellung und Isolierung von Stickstofftribromid NBr₃ und Stickstoffdibromidmonojodid NBr₂J / Preparation and Isolation of Nitrogentribromide NBr₃ and Nitrogendibromidemonoiodide NBr₂I". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B. 30 (5–6): 464–465. doi:10.1515/znb-1975-5-633. ISSN 1865-7117.
^ ^a ^b Matyáš, Robert; Pachman, Jiří. (2013). Primary explosives. Berlin: Springer. p. 294. ISBN 978-3-642-28436-6. OCLC 832350093.

[hand-1] Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 4–73, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2

[2] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 439. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[3] Galal-Gorchev, Hend; Morris, J. Carrell (Jun 1965). "Formation and Stability of Bromamide, Bromimide, and Nitrogen Tribromide in Aqueous Solution". Inorganic Chemistry. 4 (6): 899–905. doi:10.1021/ic50028a029. ISSN 0020-1669.

[4] Klapötke, Thomas M. (1997-01-01). "The reaction of bromine azide with bromine". Polyhedron. 16 (15): 2701–2704. doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(96)00586-4. ISSN 0277-5387.

[5] Schmeisser, Martin (1941-05-07). "Über Bromstickstoff". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 246 (3): 284–302. doi:10.1002/zaac.19412460305. ISSN 0863-1786.

[6] Jander, Jochen; Knackmuss, Jürgen; Thiedemann, Klaus-Ulrich (1975-06-01). "Notizen: Darstellung und Isolierung von Stickstofftribromid NBr₃ und Stickstoffdibromidmonojodid NBr₂J / Preparation and Isolation of Nitrogentribromide NBr₃ and Nitrogendibromidemonoiodide NBr₂I". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B. 30 (5–6): 464–465. doi:10.1515/znb-1975-5-633. ISSN 1865-7117.

[:0-7] Matyáš, Robert; Pachman, Jiří. (2013). Primary explosives. Berlin: Springer. p. 294. ISBN 978-3-642-28436-6. OCLC 832350093.

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