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Tuscaloosa County, Alabama

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Tuscaloosa County is a county in the northwest-central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama and is the center of commerce, education, industry, health care, and entertainment for the region.

Tuscaloosa County
County
Tuscaloosa County Courthouse in Tuscaloosa
Tuscaloosa County Courthouse in Tuscaloosa
Official seal of Tuscaloosa County
Seal
Map of Alabama highlighting Tuscaloosa County
Location within the U.S. state of Alabama
Map of the United States highlighting Alabama
Alabama's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 33°12′23″N 87°32′05″W / 33.2065°N 87.5346°W / 33.2065; -87.5346
Country United States
State Alabama
FoundedFebruary 6, 1818[1]
Named forTuskaloosa
SeatTuscaloosa
Largest cityTuscaloosa
Area
 • Total
1,351 sq mi (3,500 km2)
 • Land1,322 sq mi (3,420 km2)
 • Water30 sq mi (80 km2)  2.2%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
227,036
 • Estimate 
(2023)
237,373 Increase
 • Density170/sq mi (65/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional districts4th, 7th
Websitewww.tuscco.com
  • County Number 63 on Alabama License Plates
  • Largest County by population not shuffled to top 05 on Alabama License Plates

As of the 2020 census, its population was 227,036, making it the fifth-most populous county in Alabama.[2] The county seat and largest city is Tuscaloosa. Tuscaloosa County is part of the Tuscaloosa, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area, which also includes Hale and Pickens counties. The community gained international attention in 1993 when it landed Mercedes-Benz's first North American assembly plant, and as of 2021, the company employs over 4,000 people at the facility. Even so, Tier-1 research university The University of Alabama remains the county's largest employer and dominant economic and cultural engine.

History

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See also the history of Tuscaloosa, Alabama

Early settlement

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The pace of white settlement in the Southeast increased greatly after the War of 1812 and the Treaty of Fort Jackson and the subsequent availability of land previously settled by Native Americans. A small assortment of log cabins soon arose near the large Creek village at the fall line of the river, which the new settlers named in honor of the sixteenth-century Chief Tuskaloosa.[1][3] of a Muskogean-speaking tribe and paramount chief of the Mississippian culture. To form the word, they combined the Choctaw words "tushka" or "tashka" ("warrior") and "lusa" ("black").

In 1817, Alabama became a territory. Tuscaloosa County was established on February 6, 1818. On December 13, 1819, the territorial legislature incorporated the town of Tuskaloosa- now Tuscaloosa - one day before Congress admitted Alabama the Union as a state.

From 1826 to 1846, Tuskaloosa was the capital of Alabama. The State House was built at the corner of 6th Street and 28th Avenue (now the site of Capitol Park). In 1831, the University of Alabama was established.

Civil War and Reconstruction

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During the antebellum years, the principal crop was cotton, cultivated and processed by African-American slaves. By 1860, shortly before Alabama's secession from the Union, the county had a total of 12,971 whites, 84 "free" African Americans, and 10,145 African-American slaves; the latter comprised 43.7 percent of the total population.[4] The Civil War brought significant changes, including migration out of the county by some African Americans.[4] Some freedmen moved to nearby counties and larger cities for more opportunities and to join with other freedmen in communities less subject to white supervision and intimidation.[4]

Several thousand men from Tuscaloosa County fought in the Confederate armies. During the last weeks of the War, a brigade of Union troops raiding the city burned the campus of the university. The town of Tuscaloosa was also damaged in the battle and shared fully in the South's economic sufferings which followed the defeat. Following Reconstruction, there was violence as whites struggled to regain control of the state legislature. It reached a height in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Tuscaloosa County had a total of 10 documented lynchings of African Americans, according to a 2015 study by the Equal Justice Initiative.[5]

In the 1890s the construction of a system of locks and dams on the Black Warrior River by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers improved navigation to such an extent that Tuscaloosa was effectively connected to the Gulf Coast seaport of Mobile. This stimulated the economy and trade, and mining and metallurgical industries were developed in the region. By the advent of the 20th century, the growth of the University of Alabama and the mental health-care facilities in the city, along with a strong national economy, fueled a steady growth in Tuscaloosa which continued unabated for 100 years.

In 1901, the state legislature passed a constitution that disenfranchised most African Americans and tens of thousands of poor whites and followed with Jim Crow laws enforcing racial segregation. Due to this oppression and problems of continued violence by lynchings, many African Americans left Alabama in two waves of the Great Migration in the first half of the 20th century. They went to Northern and Midwestern industrial cities. Their mass departure from Tuscaloosa County is reflected in the lower rates of county population growth from 1910 to 1930, and from 1950 to 1970. (see Census Table).

Civil Rights era

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Blacks by 1960 represented 28.7% of the county population, and they were still disenfranchised throughout the state. African Americans in Tuscaloosa were active in demonstrations and other civil rights activities throughout the 1960s, seeking desegregation of public facilities, including the county courthouse. The university was at the center of significant moments in the civil rights movement, including the admission of Autherine Lucy and the pro-segregation demonstration that followed as well as the Stand in the Schoolhouse Door incident in which then-governor George Wallace attempted to stop desegregation of the institution by denying entrance to two African-American students.

The late 20th century brought positive economic news when Mercedes-Benz announced it would build its first U.S. assembly plant near Vance. The facility opened in 1995 and began assembling the R-Class Grand Sport Tourer in 2005. From 2006 to 2015 it produced the GL-Class vehicles; and since 1998 and 2015 respectively, has produced the GLS-Class and GLE-CLASS. The plant brought thousands of jobs to the area through its own direct hires as well as those of the many component suppliers it attracted.

2000 to Present

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On April 27, 2011, the city of Tuscaloosa was hit by a half-mile (800 m) wide EF4 tornado, which was part of the 2011 Super Outbreak. It resulted in at least 44 deaths in the city, over 1000 injuries, and massive devastation.[6][7] Officials at DCH Hospital (alone) in Tuscaloosa reported treating more than 1000 injured people in the first several days of the tornado aftermath.[8] Mayor Maddox was quoted saying that "We have neighborhoods that have been basically removed from the map."[9] On April 29, President Barack Obama, upon touring the tornado damage in Tuscaloosa, said "I have never seen devastation like this".[10]

In the decade since, more than $1 billion in public and private funding[11] has assisted the community in recovery. Former Tuscaloosa City Council President told NPR in 2021, "Black, white, young and old come together and we worked through this thing and made Tuscaloosa what it is today."

According to a police violence tracking website, police have killed directly or indirectly 18 people over the last 21 years in the county, half of them African American.[12]

Geography

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Lake Tuscaloosa

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,351 square miles (3,500 km2), of which 1,322 square miles (3,420 km2) is land and 30 square miles (78 km2) (2.2%) is water.[13] It is the second-largest county in Alabama by land area and third-largest by total area. It is located in the west central part of the state, in the region commonly known as West Alabama. The county straddles the boundary between the Appalachian Highlands and the Gulf Coastal Plain and consequently boasts a diverse geography. Tuscaloosa County contains part of the Talladega National Forest, a national protected area.

Adjacent counties are: Walker County (northeast), Jefferson County (east), Bibb County (southeast), Hale County (south), Greene County (southwest), Pickens County (west), and Fayette County (northwest)

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18208,229—
183013,64665.8%
184016,58321.5%
185018,0568.9%
186023,20028.5%
187020,081−13.4%
188024,95724.3%
189030,35221.6%
190036,14719.1%
191047,55931.6%
192053,68012.9%
193064,15319.5%
194076,03618.5%
195094,09223.7%
1960109,04715.9%
1970116,0296.4%
1980137,54118.5%
1990150,5229.4%
2000164,8759.5%
2010194,65618.1%
2020227,03616.6%
2023 (est.)237,373[14]4.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]
2010[16] 2020[17]
1790–1960[18] 1900–1990[19]
1990–2000[20] 2010[16] 2020[17]

2020 census

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Tuscaloosa County, Alabama – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[21] Pop 2010[16] Pop 2020[17] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 111,367 126,611 134,880 67.55% 65.04% 59.41%
Black or African American alone (NH) 48,135 57,401 68,779 29.19% 29.49% 30.29%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 348 455 420 0.21% 0.23% 0.18%
Asian alone (NH) 1,506 2,293 3,241 0.91% 1.18% 1.43%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 19 76 94 0.01% 0.04% 0.04%
Other race alone (NH) 107 136 792 0.06% 0.07% 0.35%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 1,263 1,735 6,532 0.77% 0.89% 2.88%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 2,130 5,949 12,298 1.29% 3.06% 5.42%
Total 164,875 194,656 227,036 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

As of the 2020 census, there were 227,036 people, 89,962 households, and 53,843 families residing in the county.[22] The population density was 171.9 inhabitants per square mile (66.4/km2) There were 101,460 housing units.

2010 census

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As of the 2010 census, there were 194,656 people, 76,141 households, and 46,304 families residing in the county. The population density was 147 persons per square mile (57 persons/km2). There were 84,872 housing units at an average density of 64 units per square mile (25 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 66.3% White, 29.6% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.5% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Nearly 3.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 76,141 households, out of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them; 41.6% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.2% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42, and the average family size was 3.02.

In the county, 21.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 19.7% was from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.3 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $42,311, and the median income for a family was $58,756. Males had a median income of $42,424 versus $32,163 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,546. About 11.3% of families and 19.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.4% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.

2000 census

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As of the 2000 census, there were 164,875 people, 64,517 households, and 41,677 families residing in the county. The population density was 124 persons per square mile (48 persons/km2). The population core of the county lies in Tuscaloosa-Northport conurbation (including Coaling, Coker, and Holt CDP). The combined 2000 Census population of this area (not including their undesignated suburban census areas) is 103,367, accounting for 62.7% of the county in population, while only accounting for 6.9% in area. Consequently, the population density of the central population core is 1,137 persons per square mile (439 persons/km2), while the density of the county outside the central population core is only 44 persons per square mile (17 persons/km2).

There were 71,429 housing units at an average density of 54 units per square mile (21 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 68.12% White, 29.31% Black or African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.92% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.56% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. Nearly 1.29% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

According to the 2000 census the largest ancestry groups in Tuscaloosa County were: 31.2% English, 29.31% African, 8.9% Irish, 7% German, 2.9% Scots-Irish and 2% Scottish.

There were 64,517 households, out of which 30.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them; 47.20% were married couples living together, 14.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.40% were non-families. 28.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42, and the average family size was 3.00.

In the county, 23.40% of the population was under the age of 18, 16.50% was from 18 to 24, 28.10% from 25 to 44, 20.80% from 45 to 64, and 11.30% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.50 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $34,436, and the median income for a family was $45,485. Males had a median income of $34,807 versus $24,128 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,998. About 11.30% of families and 17.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.50% of those under age 18 and 13.20% of those age 65 or over.

Culture

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Housing

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Tuscaloosa County has an overall cost of living that is 12% lower than the national average.[23] The average housing value as of May 2021 was $182,303. Between 2020 and 2021, the Tuscaloosa County Economic Development Authority reported a 31.2% increase in housing sales.[24]

Recreation

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Located in the Appalachian foothills, Tuscaloosa has 177 miles of shoreline for recreational use along its waterways. The county has 35 parks, containing nearly 2,000 acres. Outdoor recreation areas include the 5000-acre Lake Tuscaloosa, Hurricane Creek, and the 250-acre Lake Lurleen in Lake Lurleen State Park.[25]

The University of Alabama Arboretum explores Tuscaloosa's native flora and fauna.[26]

Entertainment

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Tuscaloosa's downtown entertainment district contains several music venues, including Tuscaloosa Amphitheater, which regularly hosts live music performances. The 1938 Bama Theatre, which has a historic train trestle, is also an events venue. Every Friday evening during the summer, the City of Tuscaloosa holds a free live concert series, Live at the Plaza.[25]

River market

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The Tuscaloosa River Market hosts two weekly farmers markets and is open year-round, although only the Saturday market is open year-round.[27]

Museums & The Arts

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Historical museums in Tuscaloosa County include the Alabama Museum of Natural History, The Mildred Westervelt Warner Transportation Museum, and the Paul W. Bryant Museum, which celebrates The University of Alabama's athletics history. There is also The Children's Hands on Museum (CHOM) which showcases the history of Tuscaloosa County.[25]

Kentuck Art Center in historic downtown Northport represents approximately 180 artists from around the country, 60% of whom are local to Alabama. The center also hosts an annual Kentuck Festival of the Arts, which has a yearly attendance of 10,000-20,000.[28]

College Sports

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Football games in Tuscaloosa make a $25.8 million per-game impact.[25] The University of Alabama has 21 varsity SEC teams, including Crimson Tide Football.[25] Alabama teams have achieved 18 recognised national championships,[29] and the Bryant-Denny Stadium, with a capacity of 100,077, is one of the world's largest on-campus football stadiums.[30]

Sports Leagues & Wellness

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Tuscaloosa County Parks and Recreation Authority (PARA) operates seven activity centers that have facilities for basketball, swimming, workouts, and other recreation. PARA also operates youth sports leagues, as does the YMCA. For tennis, there are two country clubs as well as a public facility. The county is also home to many public and private golf courses.[25]

Economy

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Major Employers

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Tuscaloosa County's largest employers represent education institutions, quality health-care providers, and enterprises focused on advanced manufacturing for the automotive and other industries. The county's 20 largest employers[31] are: The University of Alabama, Mercedes Benz U.S. International, DCH Regional Medical Center, Tuscaloosa County Board of Education, City of Tuscaloosa Board of Education, Warrior Met Coal, Inc., The City of Tuscaloosa, Michelin/BF Goodrich Tire Manufacturing, Veterans Administration Medical Center, SMP Automotive Systems, Phifer Incorporated, Brose Tuscaloosa, Northport Medical Center, ARD Logistics, Shelton State Community College, Bryce Hospital, Tuscaloosa County, Nucor Tuscaloosa, ZF Chassis Systems Tuscaloosa Axel Systems, and the Alabama Department of Transportation.

Workforce

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Tuscaloosa County has a total labor force of approximately 100,220[32] that includes many recent graduates of local higher education institutions.

The county partners with West AlabamaWorks, a workforce development organization that connects government, education, and private sector partners throughout a nine-county region. The county also works closely with statewide workforce development resources including Alabama Industrial Development Training (AIDT) and Alabama Technology Network. AIDT is a nationally renowned state agency that provides no-cost career technical program enhancements at the state's community and technical colleges, customizing services to benefit employers and trainees. Alabama Technology Network, part of the Alabama Community College System, is ISO 9001:2008 Certified and connects industry leaders with government and education resources to provide workforce training, technical assistance, and engineering services to existing workers in the following areas:

Tuscaloosa City Schools and the Tuscaloosa County School District both offer technical and career education as part of their standard curriculum. Tuscaloosa Career & Technology Academy, part of Tuscaloosa City Schools, offers instruction in 17 career pathways at its $23-million facility. The Bill Taylor Institute, a collaboration between Mercedes-Benz U.S. International, Inc. and AIDT, offers high school and community apprenticeship courses.

Emerging Industries

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Capitalizing on access to research and development resources of its higher education institutions along with a large, skilled workforce, the Tuscaloosa County Economic Development Authority recently identified six target industries[33] for future economic growth and expansion: Research & Development, Healthcare, Corporate Operations, Advanced Manufacturing, Information Technology, and Energy.

Education

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Higher Education

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The county is the home to Tier-1 research university The University of Alabama, Shelton State Community College, and private liberal arts school Stillman College, a historically black college founded in 1876. Together, the three schools enroll 43,681 students as of spring 2021.[32]

Primary and secondary Education

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The Tuscaloosa County School System serves students in the county who live outside the city limits of Tuscaloosa.[34] The system has been in operation since 1871. The system is managed by a board of education, composed of 7 members elected by single-member districts by the voters of the county outside the limits of the city of Tuscaloosa. The board appoints a superintendent to manage the day-to-day operations of the system. In school year 2020–21, over 18,700 students (ALSDE Report Card) were enrolled by the system. There are 19 elementary schools, 2 intermediate schools, 7 middle schools and 6 high schools. Children are also served at the Tuscaloosa Regional Detention Center and Sprayberry Regional Educational Center; the latter provides services to at risk, and special needs children. The six county high schools are Brookwood High School (Brookwood), Hillcrest High School (Taylorville), Holt (Holt), Northside (Samantha), Sipsey Valley (Coker), and Tuscaloosa County High School (Northport).

The Tuscaloosa City School System serves students who live in the city of Tuscaloosa.[34] There are approximately 10,000 students enrolled in Tuscaloosa City Schools. Twenty-four schools comprise the district, including 13 elementary schools, 6 middle schools, 3 high schools and 3 campuses dedicated to specialty education: one for students with special needs and those receiving alternative education, a school for students studying performing arts, and a career technical facility for grades 9 – 12. The three high schools are Paul W. Bryant High School, Central High School, and Northridge High School.

Government and politics

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United States presidential election results for Tuscaloosa County, Alabama[35]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 50,724 59.50% 33,399 39.17% 1,133 1.33%
2020 51,117 56.69% 37,765 41.88% 1,290 1.43%
2016 47,723 57.71% 31,762 38.41% 3,215 3.89%
2012 45,748 58.08% 32,048 40.68% 976 1.24%
2008 45,405 57.54% 32,796 41.56% 711 0.90%
2004 42,877 61.40% 26,447 37.87% 506 0.72%
2000 34,003 56.56% 24,614 40.95% 1,497 2.49%
1996 27,939 51.38% 23,067 42.42% 3,376 6.21%
1992 27,454 47.27% 23,495 40.46% 7,124 12.27%
1988 27,396 59.87% 18,166 39.70% 196 0.43%
1984 28,075 62.75% 16,066 35.91% 598 1.34%
1980 19,750 48.50% 19,103 46.91% 1,867 4.58%
1976 16,021 43.29% 20,275 54.79% 710 1.92%
1972 21,172 70.15% 8,272 27.41% 735 2.44%
1968 3,822 13.47% 5,556 19.58% 18,993 66.95%
1964 13,227 68.67% 0 0.00% 6,036 31.33%
1960 5,598 40.01% 8,254 58.99% 140 1.00%
1956 4,994 36.19% 8,186 59.33% 618 4.48%
1952 3,872 33.04% 7,677 65.50% 171 1.46%
1948 658 12.06% 0 0.00% 4,797 87.94%
1944 584 10.48% 4,939 88.62% 50 0.90%
1940 426 6.33% 6,284 93.35% 22 0.33%
1936 332 5.19% 6,029 94.31% 32 0.50%
1932 302 5.34% 5,322 94.09% 32 0.57%
1928 1,210 30.39% 2,769 69.56% 2 0.05%
1924 247 8.97% 2,363 85.80% 144 5.23%
1920 491 12.41% 3,438 86.91% 27 0.68%
1916 218 8.05% 2,437 89.99% 53 1.96%
1912 87 4.37% 1,695 85.22% 207 10.41%
1908 162 7.97% 1,729 85.05% 142 6.98%
1904 132 8.29% 1,405 88.20% 56 3.52%
1900 650 34.37% 1,173 62.03% 68 3.60%
1896 965 29.73% 2,151 66.27% 130 4.00%
1892 708 16.60% 2,212 51.85% 1,346 31.55%
1888 1,057 32.03% 2,214 67.09% 29 0.88%

Tuscaloosa County is somewhat conservative for a county dominated by a college town. While most such counties have swung toward the Democrats since the 1990s, Tuscaloosa County has not voted for a Democratic presidential candidate since 1976, the only time it has gone Democratic since 1960. For example, Tuscaloosa County voted for John McCain over Barack Obama in the 2008 Election by a margin of 58-42%. However, Obama attracted high turnout and many votes from young people and others, in addition to the African-American minority. The latter make up 28.9% of the population of the county and have supported Democrats in national elections since the civil rights era and restoration of their constitutional right to vote.[36]

In 2018 Alabama gubernatorial election. Democratic candidate Walt Maddox, the mayor of the city of Tuscaloosa, won the county by a mere one vote over incumbent Republican Kay Ivey, who won the election.[37]

Tuscaloosa County is one of seven in the state with limited home rule. It must still gain state legislative approval on many issues, including for financial measures. The four-member County Commission is elected from single-member districts.[38]

Judges are also elected. The current District Court Judges are:

  • Judge Joanne Jannik
  • Judge Jim Gentry

The current Circuit Court Judges in no particular order are:

  • Judge Allen W. May, Jr., Presiding Judge
  • Judge M. Bradley Almond
  • Judge Daniel F. Pruet
  • Judge James H. Roberts, Jr.
  • Judge Elizabeth C. Hamner

The current Clerk of the Circuit Court is Magaria H. Bobo.

The current County Sheriff is Ron Abernathy. The chief law enforcement officer of Tuscaloosa County, which comprises the Sixth Judicial Circuit, is Hays Webb, District Attorney, also an elected position.

On the federal level, Tuscaloosa County is divided between the fourth and seventh congressional districts of Alabama, represented by Robert Aderholt (R) and Terri Sewell (D), respectively. The 7th district includes much of the Black Belt and is a majority-minority district, with a predominantly African-American majority.

Tuscaloosa County is within the northern federal court district of Alabama.

Transportation

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Major highways

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Toll Roads/Bridges

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Road Name S/W Terminus N/E Terminus Length Cash tolls (automobile) Notes
Black Warrior Parkway    Tuscaloosa   Northport 4.9 mi. $1.50

Transit

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Rail

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Airports & Cargo Facilities

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Waterway Access

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The Black Warrior River bisects Tuscaloosa County and is part of Alabama's network of more than 1,300 miles of navigable waterways (the largest inland waterway system in the U.S.).

The Alabama State Port Authority (ASPA) owns and operates the State of Alabama's deepwater port facilities at the Port of Mobile, located approximately 225 highway miles from Tuscaloosa.

ASPA also operates the Tuscaloosa-Northport Inland Dock in Tuscaloosa County, which features a 60’ by 80’ concrete barge dock, mooring dolphins, a 24,000-square-foot warehouse and a 570,000 bushel grain elevator. Private docking facilities are also available in the county.

Parker Towing Company, with headquarters in Tuscaloosa, provides regional and local barge service and has one of the largest barge lines in the Southeast.[39]

Communities

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Cities

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Towns

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Census-designated places

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Other unincorporated communities

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Ghost towns

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "ACES Winston County Office" (links/history), Alabama Cooperative Extension System (ACES), 2007, webpage: ACES-Tuscaloosa.
  2. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
  3. ^ United States Census Bureau. "2010 Census Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on October 16, 2013. Retrieved May 12, 2012.
  4. ^ a b c Tom Blake, "MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES", Tuscaloosa County, AL, February 2002, at Rootsweb
  5. ^ "Supplement: Lynchings by County/ Alabama: Tuscaloosa", 3rd edition Archived October 23, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, from Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror, 2015, Equal Justice Institute, Montgomery, Alabama
  6. ^ "Twister outbreak is second deadliest in US history". NBC News. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  7. ^ Kausler Jr., Don (April 28, 2011). "Tuscaloosa tornadoes: Death toll at 36, Mayor Walt Maddox says". AL.com. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
  8. ^ "Tornadoes inflict grim toll on Alabama children". Reuters. April 29, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  9. ^ "Twister debris searched; nearly 300 dead - Weather". NBC News. April 29, 2011. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
  10. ^ "President Obama, First Lady Tour Alabama Tornado Damage - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. April 29, 2011. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
  11. ^ "'Day You'll Never Forget': Decade After Deadly Tuscaloosa Tornado, Recovery Is Uneven". NPR.org. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  12. ^ "Searches – Fatal Encounters". Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  13. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
  14. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". Retrieved March 15, 2024.
  15. ^ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". US Census Bureau.
  16. ^ a b c "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Tuscaloosa County, Alabama". United States Census Bureau.
  17. ^ a b c "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Tuscaloosa County, Alabama". United States Census Bureau.
  18. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
  19. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 24, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
  20. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
  21. ^ "P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Tuscaloosa County, Alabama". United States Census Bureau.
  22. ^ "US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
  23. ^ "Quality of Life". Tuscaloosa County EDA. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
  24. ^ "Housing". Tuscaloosa County EDA. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
  25. ^ a b c d e f "Recreation". Tuscaloosa County EDA. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
  26. ^ "The University of Alabama Arboretum – | The University of Alabama". arboretum.ua.edu. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
  27. ^ "Plan Your Visit". Tuscaloosa River Market. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
  28. ^ "Artists Apply | Kentuck Festival of the Arts". Kentuck Art Center. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
  29. ^ "National Championships – Paul W Bryant Museum | The University of Alabama". Retrieved October 22, 2022.
  30. ^ "Bryant-Denny Stadium". University of Alabama Athletics. Retrieved October 22, 2022.
  31. ^ "Major Employers". Tuscaloosa County EDA. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  32. ^ a b "Workforce". Tuscaloosa County EDA. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  33. ^ "Target Industries". Tuscaloosa County EDA. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  34. ^ a b "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Tuscaloosa County, AL" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 29, 2024. - Text list
  35. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  36. ^ "Election Map: Counties", Phil Hardwick blog, November 2008
  37. ^ "2018 Gubernatorial General Election Results - Tuscaloosa County, AL".
  38. ^ "County Commission", Tuscaloosa County Commission website
  39. ^ "Transportation". Tuscaloosa County EDA. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
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33°12′24″N 87°32′05″W / 33.20654°N 87.534607°W / 33.20654; -87.534607

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