Tuxá (Tusha; also Todela ~ Rodela, Carapató, Payacú) was the eastern Brazilian language of the Tuxá people, who now speak Portuguese. The language ceased being spoken in the late 19th century, but in the 1960s a research team found two women that had been expelled from the Tuxa tribe in Bahia who knew some thirty words.
| Tuxá | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Bahia, Pernambuco |
| Extinct | end of 19th century |
unclassified | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tud |
| Glottolog | tuxa1239 |
It was spoken along the São Francisco River near Glória, Bahia, and was reported by Loukotka (1968) to have more recently been in the village of Rodelas, Pernambuco (now part of Bahia).[1]
Vocabulary
editLoukotka (1968)
editLoukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[1]
gloss Tushá ear kramakeː tooth takaí man zyunkurun sun enkeː moon zyerõmeːkeː earth zyerintin
Pompeu (1958)
editTushá vocabulary collected by Antônio Likaro e Cordorina in Rodelas:[2]
Portuguese gloss
(original)English gloss
(translated)Tushá sol sun enkê lua moon jerõmêkê céu sky eisrêmêkê terra earth jerintin Rio São Francisco São Francisco River Kaleshí homem man junkurun mulher woman lãkãtí menino boy jití menina girl kaití cabelo hair tixí dente tooth takaí orelha ear kramákê cachimbo smoking pipe tôrú teiú Tupinambis lizard tishiriú
Meader (1978)
editIn 1961, Wilbur Pickering recorded the following word list in Juazeiro, Bahia from Maria Dias dos Santos. She was an elderly rememberer of Tuxá who was born in Rodelas, but later moved to Juazeiro.[3]
Portuguese gloss
(original)English gloss
(translated)Tuxá água water ˈmiˈaŋga cabeça head kaˈka cabelo hair kakaˈi cachorro dog kašuˈi carne meat oˈtiši criança (menino) child (boy) guřituˈi fogo fire toˈe fumo smoke paˈka muitas many kalatuˈi muitas cabeças many heads kalatuˈi kaˈka ovelha sheep alvεˈmą panela pan ˈmunduřu sol sun šaˈřola pessoa suja dirty person ˈšuvaˈd̯ya acangatara acangatara
(type of ceremonial feather headband)ˈgoxo cachaça cachaça auˈřiŋka cachimbo smoking pipe maˈlaku chocalho rattle mařaˈka deus God tumˈpą dinheiro money kaːmˈba farinha flour koˈñuna gado cattle gadiˈma melancia watermelon ˈvεřdoˈa negro black tupiˈʌŋka peba six-banded armadillo kabulεˈtε porco pig ˈmokoˈxε preá Brazilian guinea pig šuˈřį soldado soldier sokoˈdo tatu armadillo putiˈa trempe twitch mυsˈtřυ̨ urubu vulture uˈřikuˈři tutuˈa (?) quem gosta de apreciar o Guarani who likes to enjoy the Guarani kalamaˈši; kalatuˈi; kaˈlamototuˈa
References
edit- ^ a b Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- ^ Pompeu Sobrinho, Thomaz. 1958. Línguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste: Alguns vocabulários inéditos. Boletim de Antropologia (Fortaleza-Ceará) 2. 3-19.
- ^ Meader, Robert E. (1978). Indios do Nordeste: Levantamento sobre os remanescentes tribais do nordeste brasileiro (in Portuguese). Brasilia: SIL International.
- Meader, R. E. (1978). Indios do nordeste. Levantamento sobre os remanescentes tribais do nordeste brasileiro (PDF). Brasilia: SIL Internacional. (Tuxá wordlist §3.8, p30)
- Fabre, Alain (2005). "Tuxá". Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos (PDF).