In the life of Soviet Union, air shows were a highly regarded type of parade, almost always of military nature. They happened on various occasions and anniversaries, in many locations across the country. A notable air show was the Tushino Air Show held annually in August.
Dates
editSoviet Air Fleet Day
editThe most frequent date of air shows was the Soviet Air Fleet Day (Russian: День Воздушного Флота). It was also known as the Soviet Air Forces Day (Russian: День Военно-воздушных Сил), or Soviet Aviation Day.[1] It was established in 1933[2] and was most usually held on the third Sunday of August,[3][4][5] weather permitting. The initial exhibition on 18 August 1933,[1][6] was a result of Yakov Alksnis initiative, and was held in Khodynka Aerodrome (the Central Moscow Aerodrome), but since the next[7] year the show became located on Tushino airfield near Moscow, where it remained for entire decades. In 1937, the parade was attended by nearly a million people,[7][8] observing the masses of aircraft spelling in the sky "LENIN", "STALIN" and "СССР". The celebrations repeated until the fall of Soviet Union, and continue[1][9][10] in Russia (location is now Zhukovskiy airport, see MAKS airshow).
May Day
edit1 May was dedicated to multitude of parades throughout the Soviet Union. They often included large-scale flypasts.[11][12]
Other
edit
The Soviet Air Fleet Day became primarily associated with Soviet Air Forces (VVS), so a separate day has been established for Soviet Air Defense Forces (PVO) a second arm of Soviet military that employed numerous fighter squadrons. It was called Soviet Air Defence Forces Day (Russian: День войск противовоздушной обороны СССР),[13] occurred on the second Sunday of April,[14] and was celebrated with air parades of lesser scale.[citation needed]
The October Revolution anniversary usually included air parade, but as it was held on 7 November, the aircraft were often cancelled because of weather conditions.[15] The same problem pertained to 19 November, the Soviet Rocket Forces and Artillery Day.[citation needed]
Notably, the 50th anniversary of October revolution air show was held in the summer, on 9 July 1967 at Domodedovo airport. In an unprecedented display of air power, it featured twelve new types or variants of military aircraft,[1][16] and prompted concern in the West, especially with reveal of the MiG-25, which appeared to be better than current U.S. fighters and influenced the F-X program and therfore the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle.[further explanation needed]
Notable first appearances
editThe Soviet air shows conveyed more than entertainment. In the atmosphere of harshly enforced clandestinity, these air shows were frequently the main source of information about the recent aviation achievements of Soviet design bureaus (OKBs).[1] Both Eastern and Western public opinion benefited from it, as well as foreign military intelligence.[1]
| Year | Month Day | Airfield | New fighters (Soviet designation) |
New bombers (Soviet designation) |
Other new aircraft | Comments | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1947 | 3 August | Tushino airfield | Yak-19, La-150, La-156, La-160, Su-9, Su-11 | Tu-4, Tu-77 | - | new jet designs | [17] |
| 1954 | 1 May | Tushino airfield | - | Myasishchev M-4 | - | - | [12] |
| 1955 | Tupolev Tu-95 | - | [18] | ||||
| 1956 | 24 June | Tushino airfield | MiG-21, Su-7B, Su-9 | - | [19] | ||
| 1961 | 9 July | Tushino airfield | Tu-28 | Tu-22, Yak-28 | Be-12, Ka-22, Ka-25, Mi-8, Mi-10 | - | [19] |
| 1967 | 9 July | Domodedovo Airport | MiG-23, MiG-25, Su-11,[19] Su-15, Su-17, STOL aircraft (MiG, Su, Yak-36) | - | - | major impact in the West | [16] |
| 1971 | May | Vnukovo Airport | - | - | Tu-144, Tu-154, Il-76, Il-62M, Tu-134A, Yak-40, B-12 | civil aviation exhibition | [1] |
See also
edit- Air show
- Flypast
- Military parade
- MAKS (air show), the current biennial Russian air show
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Pre-history of MAKS - provides the complete information on Russian and Soviet air shows.
- ^ Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decree 859 of 28.04.1933
- ^ Petrone, Karen (2000). Life has become more joyous, comrades: Celebrations in the time of Stalin. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-33768-9.
- ^ "Airmen celebrate their professional holiday". Retrieved 31 July 2012.
- ^ "Russian Life magazine". Retrieved 31 July 2012.
- ^ Curiously, the August 17, 1933, was the date of the first launch of Soviet rocket - GIRD-09. Albrecht, Ulrich; Nikutta, Randolph (October 1993). The Soviet armaments industry. Harwood Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-3-7186-5313-3.
- ^ a b Everett-Heath, John (10 May 1983). Soviet helicopters: Design, development and tactics. Jane's. ISBN 978-0-7106-0259-6.
- ^ Higham, Robin D. S; Greenwood, John T; Hardesty, Von (1998). Russian aviation and air power in the twentieth century. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-7146-4784-5.
- ^ Decree 3564-1 of September 28, 1992: "The establishment of the Russian Air Fleet Day" (Russian: Об установлении праздника День Воздушного флота России)
- ^ Decree 949 of 29 August 1997: "On establishing the Day of the Air Force" (Russian: Об установлении Дня Военно-воздушных сил) and a revision 549 of 31 May 2006.
- ^ Inc, Time (20 June 1949). LIFE.
{{cite book}}:|last1=has generic name (help) - May Day of 1947 - ^ a b "Soviet and Russian Bombers". Retrieved 31 July 2012. - May Day of 1954.
- ^ Avis, George (1987). The Making of the Soviet citizen: Character formation and civic training in Soviet education. Croom Helm. ISBN 978-0-7099-5105-6.
- ^ When it was established on 20 February 1975 the commemoration day was set for 11 April but it changed to the second Sunday of April following the decree of 1 October 1980.
- ^ "RUSSIA: Hero's Return". Time. 17 November 1952. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011.
- ^ a b Hirschberg, Michael J (October 1997). Soviet V/STOL aircraft: The struggle for a shipborne combat capability. ISBN 978-1-56347-248-0.
- ^ Dow, James (1997). The Arrow (2nd ed.). Toronto: James Lorimer. p. 67. ISBN 1-55028-554-8.
- ^ Wings of the Red Star-The Nuclear Bear.
- ^ a b c Jane's All The World's Aircraft. 1975–1976. pp. 488, 494–521. ISBN 0-354-00521-9.