This article possibly contains original research. (September 2017) |
Parachinar (Pashto: پاړه چنار; Urdu: پاڑہ چنار) is a city and the capital of the Kurram District in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.[2]
Parachinar
| |
|---|---|
 A forest in Parachinar | |
  Parachinar  Parachinar  Parachinar  Parachinar .svg) Parachinar | |
| Coordinates: PK_type:city 33°54′N 70°6′E / 33.900°N 70.100°E | |
| Country |  Pakistan |
| Province |  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |
| Division | Kohat |
| District | Kurram |
| Tehsil | Upper Kurram |
| Elevation | 1,705 m (5,594 ft) |
| Population | |
• City | 700,000 |
• Estimate () | 680,000 |
| • Rank | 9th, Kohat Division |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (PST) |
Parachinar is situated on the west of Peshawar, that juts into the Paktia, Logar and Nangarhar provinces of Afghanistan. With a distance of 110 kilometres (68 mi) from the capital of Afghanistan Kabul, Parachinar is the closest point in Pakistan to Kabul.
History
editThe British soldier and historian C. M. Enriquez described the early history of Parachinar in his book The Pathan Borderland. He writes that Malak (leader) Pare was a reputable Malak of the Pare Khel Tribe, a sub tribe of tribe called Turi (Shia), planted Poplar trees some 200 years ago. Before much settlement, the area was mostly arid. In terms of distribution, the ancient Poplar tree and the surrounding land belonged to the Parakhel tribe. This ownership is still authentic in official records or deeds of property. Parakhel tribesmen used to cultivate wheat in this desert area. During the wheat harvest, tents were pitched here, and in the shade of this poplar tree, jirgas and consultations were held.[3]
The name Parachinar is derived as a result of social meetings conducted under a large Chinar tree. [3] The remains of that tree are still there at a place now encompassed by the headquarters of Kurram Agency. As this Poplar tree was located right between the British established offices and the Kurram militia, and people from remote areas of the Kurram Valley often came and gathered here, it became known as Parachinar instead of Totkai Bazar.
Durand Line Agreement
editIn 1893, during the rule of Abdur Rahman Khan (Barakzai dynasty) of Afghanistan, a Royal Commission for demarcating a boundary between Afghanistan and the territory of British governed India negotiated terms, agreeing to the Durand line. Two parties camped at Parachinar, now part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, which is near Khost, Afghanistan.[citation needed]
From the British side, the camp was attended by Sir Mortimer Durand and Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, assistant political agent, Khyber Agency. The Afghanistan interest was represented by Sahibzada Abdul Latif and the Governor of Khost Sardar Shireendil Khan, represented King Amir Abdur Rahman Khan.[4]
2007 Kurram Agency conflict
editIntermittently, conflicts arise stemming from personal issues(mostly religious ones) within this region. In instances where one sect initiates an attack on another, it often leads to retaliatory actions by the aggrieved party.[5]
Violent clashes in the region occurred in the following week until a ceasefire was reached on 12 April 2007.[6]
Terrorist incidents
editParachinar has been the target of several terrorist attacks from 2007 to 2014 in which over 3000 people have died, making it the second-most targeted Pakistani city by militants after Peshawar.[7]
Climate
editParachinar has a moderate humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa). Although the city's southeasterly aspect relative to the valley in which it is situated allows it to receive on occasions significant monsoonal rainfall, the most frequent source of rain is western depressions and related thunderstorms. During the winter, snowfall is common, and frosts occur on most mornings. Snow closes the Peiwar Pass, located on the Paktia border just over 20 km west of Parachinar, for up to five months per year.
| Climate data for Parachinar | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.6 (69.1) |
20.2 (68.4) |
29.0 (84.2) |
31.7 (89.1) |
37.4 (99.3) |
38.6 (101.5) |
36.4 (97.5) |
34.6 (94.3) |
36.2 (97.2) |
32.5 (90.5) |
26.3 (79.3) |
23.0 (73.4) |
38.6 (101.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
14.9 (58.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
26.6 (79.9) |
30.7 (87.3) |
29.8 (85.6) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.2 (81.0) |
23.3 (73.9) |
18.5 (65.3) |
12.7 (54.9) |
21.5 (70.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
6.7 (44.1) |
9.6 (49.3) |
15.4 (59.7) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.2 (73.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
16.3 (61.3) |
11.7 (53.1) |
6.7 (44.1) |
15.3 (59.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3 (27) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
4.2 (39.6) |
8.5 (47.3) |
12.9 (55.2) |
16.9 (62.4) |
18.2 (64.8) |
17.2 (63.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
8.8 (47.8) |
3.5 (38.3) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
9.47 (49.05) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −15 (5) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
1.7 (35.1) |
5.2 (41.4) |
8.0 (46.4) |
13.3 (55.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
6.1 (43.0) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 44.9 (1.77) |
73.3 (2.89) |
127.3 (5.01) |
87.6 (3.45) |
65.8 (2.59) |
44.8 (1.76) |
107.1 (4.22) |
102.2 (4.02) |
55.1 (2.17) |
22.4 (0.88) |
17.4 (0.69) |
33.8 (1.33) |
781.7 (30.78) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 214.5 | 198.8 | 209.4 | 233.5 | 292.1 | 297.3 | 285.7 | 280.6 | 270.2 | 284.3 | 260.1 | 199.2 | 3,025.7 |
| Source: NOAA (1971-1990) [8] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1961 | 22,953 | — |
| 1972 | - | — |
| 1998 | - | — |
| 2017 | 190,000 | — |
| Source: [9][1] | ||
Education
editFATA University plans to open a sub-campus at Parachinar.[10]
Transportation
editThe Thall-Parachinar road is the main road connecting Parachinar to the rest of the country.[11]
Parachinar has an airport but currently it is non-functional. In the past there was a flight service between Peshawar and Parachinar.[12][13]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLD DETAIL FROM BLOCK TO DISTRICT LEVEL FATA (KURRAM AGENCY)" (PDF). KURRAM_AGENCY_BLOCKWISE.pdf. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. 3 January 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- ^ "Suspected suicide blast in Parachinar; 15 killed". Samaa TV. Pakistan. March 31, 2017. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
- ^ Enriquez, Colin Metcalfe (2020-02-10). The Pathan Borderland: A Consecutive Account of the Country and People on and Beyond the Indian Frontier from Chitral to Dera Ismail Khan. Alpha Editions. ISBN 978-93-5400-030-0.
- ^ Ahmad, Sahibzada Zahoor (Speaker) (July 13, 2003). "100 Years of the Martyrdom of Sahibzada Abdul Latif of Khost, Afghanistan (14th July 1903 to 14th July 2003)". Hazrat Sahibzada Abdul Latif Shaheed (MP3) (Audio) (in Urdu). Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam.
- ^ "Deadly clashes rage in Pakistan". BBC News. April 7, 2007. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
- ^ "Jirga negotiates truce in Kurram Agency: Forces from across border blamed for unrest". Dawn. Karachi, Pakistan: Pakistan Herald Publications. April 13, 2007. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
- ^ Khan, M. Ilyas (January 26, 2017). "The little boy killed at the market". BBC News. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
- ^ "Parachinar Climate Normals 1971-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 16, 2012.
- ^ "TABLE-1: AREA & POPULATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS BY RURAL/URBAN: 1951-1998 CENSUSES" (PDF). Administrative Units.pdf. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
- ^ Mir, Rukhshan (July 25, 2017). "FATA University To Establish Sub Campus At Bajaur Agency". UrduPoint. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
- ^ Mashal, Mujib (June 25, 2011). "A community under siege in tribal Pakistan". Al Jazeera. Doha, Qatar. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
- ^ Ali, Zulfiqar (January 17, 2008). "Airfield in Wana, Miramshah upgraded". Dawn. Karachi, Pakistan: Pakistan Herald Publications. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
- ^ Ashraf, Syed Irfan (November 9, 2011). "The Kurram blockade". Dawn. Karachi, Pakistan: Pakistan Herald Publications. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
