The U-52 class was a class of four ocean-going submarines or U-boats planned for the Austro-Hungarian Navy (German: Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine or K.u.K. Kriegsmarine) during World War I. The submarine design was based on the A 6 proposal submitted by Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino (STT) as part of a Navy design competition. STT, under its wartime name of Austriawerft, began construction on the first two boats in 1916, but neither boat was launched or completed before the end of the war. Both incomplete submarines were scrapped after the war ended. Neither of the third and fourth submarines was ever laid down.
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Builders | Austriawerft[1] |
| Operators |  Austro-Hungarian Navy |
| Preceded by | U-50-class submarine |
| Succeeded by | U-101-class submarine |
| Built | 1916–1918 |
| Planned | 4 |
| Completed | 0 |
| Cancelled | 2 |
| Scrapped | 2 |
| Preserved | 0 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | submarine |
| Displacement |
|
| Length | 249 ft 3 in (75.97 m)[1] |
| Beam | 22 ft 10 in (6.96 m)[1] |
| Draft | 11 ft 6 in (3.51 m)[1] |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed |
|
| Complement | 40[1] |
| Armament |
|
Design
editAustria-Hungary's U-boat fleet was largely obsolete at the outbreak of World War I, and over the first two years of the war the Austro-Hungarian Navy focused its efforts on building a U-boat fleet for local defense within the Adriatic. With boats to fill that need either under construction or purchased from Germany, efforts were focused on building ocean-going submarines for operation in the wider Mediterranean, outside the Adriatic.[2]
To that end, the Austro-Hungarian Navy selected the Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino (STT) A 6 design as the winner of a design competition for a new ocean-going submarine. The plans called for a boat that displaced 849 t (936 short tons) surfaced and 1,200 t (1,300 short tons) submerged. The boats were to be 249 feet 3 inches (75.97 m) long with a beam of 22 feet 10 inches (6.96 m) and a draft of 11 feet 6 inches (3.51 m). For propulsion, the design featured two shafts, with twin diesel engines of 2,400 bhp (1,800 kW) (total) for surface running at up to 15.75 knots (29.17 km/h; 18.12 mph), and twin electric motors of 1,480 shp (1,100 kW) (total) for submerged travel at up to 9 knots (16.7 km/h; 10.4 mph). The U-52 class boats were designed for a crew of 40 men.[1]
The U-52 design called for six 45 cm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes—four bow tubes and two stern tubes—and a complement of nine torpedoes. The original design specified two 10 cm/35 (3.9 in) deck guns, which were superseded by two 12 cm/35 (4.7 in) deck guns in plans for the third and fourth boats.[1]
Construction
editBy 1916, Austriawerft, the new, more-"patriotic" wartime name for STT,[3] had begun construction on U-52 and U-53, the first two boats of the class.[2] Austriawerft remained headquartered at Trieste,[3] but sources do not specifically say where the two U-52 submarines were laid down. These first two boats, which comprised one-third of the six ocean-going submarines under construction in 1916,[2][Note 1] were followed by orders for U-54 and U-55 in December 1917.[4]
Shortages of skilled shipyard workers as well as material slowed construction of all of the ocean-going boats.[3] As a result, neither of the first two boats was ever launched, much less completed, and the second pair was cancelled before either was laid down. U-52 was 25% complete at war's end, while U-53 was only 10% complete. Both boats were scrapped in 1919.[1]
Notes
edit- ^ The other four boats were U-48 and U-49 of the U-48 class and U-50 and U-51 of the U-50 class. See: Gardiner, p. 341.
References
editBibliography
edit- Baumgartner, Lothar; Erwin Sieche (1999). Die Schiffe der k.(u.)k. Kriegsmarine im Bild = Austro-Hungarian warships in photographs (in German). Wien: Verlagsbuchhandlung Stöhr. ISBN 978-3-901208-25-6. OCLC 43596931.
- Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-907-8. OCLC 12119866.