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United States Geological Survey National Volcanic Threat Assessment

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The United States Geological Survey National Volcanic Threat Assessment is a report containing a ranked list of active volcanoes in the United States posing hazardous risks to the American population.[1] The report was published by the United States Geological Survey in 2005[2] and revised in 2018.[3]

2018 list

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The 2018 ranked list of hazardous volcanoes in the United States below is based on a 24-factor scoring matrix used to calculate overall threat scores and aviation threat scores.[1]

Rank Volcano State Overall threat score Aviation threat score Coordinates
1 Kīlauea   Hawaii 263 48 19°25′30″N 155°17′31″W / 19.425°N 155.292°W / 19.425; -155.292
2 Mount St. Helens   Washington 235 59 46°12′N 122°11′W / 46.2°N 122.18°W / 46.2; -122.18
3 Mount Rainier   Washington 203 37 46°52′12″N 121°45′29″W / 46.87°N 121.758°W / 46.87; -121.758
4 Redoubt Volcano   Alaska 201 48 60°29′06″N 152°44′31″W / 60.485°N 152.742°W / 60.485; -152.742
5 Mount Shasta   California 178 39 41°25′N 122°12′W / 41.42°N 122.2°W / 41.42; -122.2
6 Mount Hood   Oregon 178 30 45°22′26″N 121°41′38″W / 45.374°N 121.694°W / 45.374; -121.694
7 Three Sisters   Oregon 165 30 44°07′59″N 121°46′01″W / 44.133°N 121.767°W / 44.133; -121.767
8 Akutan Island   Alaska 161 47 54°08′02″N 165°59′10″W / 54.134°N 165.986°W / 54.134; -165.986
9 Makushin Volcano   Alaska 161 47 53°53′28″N 166°55′23″W / 53.891°N 166.923°W / 53.891; -166.923
10 Mount Spurr   Alaska 160 48 61°17′56″N 152°15′04″W / 61.299°N 152.251°W / 61.299; -152.251
11 Lassen volcanic center   California 153 32 40°29′31″N 121°30′29″W / 40.492°N 121.508°W / 40.492; -121.508
12 Augustine Volcano   Alaska 151 48 59°21′47″N 153°25′48″W / 59.363°N 153.43°W / 59.363; -153.43
13 Newberry Volcano   Oregon 146 30 43°43′19″N 121°13′44″W / 43.722°N 121.229°W / 43.722; -121.229
14 Mount Baker   Washington 139 15 48°46′37″N 121°48′47″W / 48.777°N 121.813°W / 48.777; -121.813
15 Glacier Peak   Washington 135 37 48°06′43″N 121°06′47″W / 48.112°N 121.113°W / 48.112; -121.113
16 Mauna Loa   Hawaii 131 4 19°28′30″N 155°36′29″W / 19.475°N 155.608°W / 19.475; -155.608
17 Crater Lake   Oregon 129 37 42°56′N 122°07′W / 42.93°N 122.12°W / 42.93; -122.12
18 Long Valley Caldera   California 129 29 37°42′N 118°52′W / 37.7°N 118.87°W / 37.7; -118.87
19 Mount Okmok   Alaska 117 47 53°26′N 168°08′W / 53.43°N 168.13°W / 53.43; -168.13
20 Iliamna Volcano   Alaska 115 34 60°01′55″N 153°05′24″W / 60.032°N 153.09°W / 60.032; -153.09
21 Yellowstone caldera   Wyoming 115 27 44°26′N 110°40′W / 44.43°N 110.67°W / 44.43; -110.67
22 Aniakchak Crater   Alaska 112 41 56°53′N 158°10′W / 56.88°N 158.17°W / 56.88; -158.17
23 Hualālai   Hawaii 109 27 19°41′31″N 155°52′12″W / 19.692°N 155.87°W / 19.692; -155.87
24 Mono-Inyo Craters   California 106 29 37°53′N 119°00′W / 37.88°N 119°W / 37.88; -119
25 Mount Martin   Alaska 106 23 58°10′19″N 155°21′40″W / 58.172°N 155.361°W / 58.172; -155.361
26 Mount Mageik   Alaska 106 23 58°11′42″N 155°15′11″W / 58.195°N 155.253°W / 58.195; -155.253
27 Trident Volcano   Alaska 106 29 58°14′10″N 155°06′00″W / 58.236°N 155.1°W / 58.236; -155.1
28 Mount Katmai   Alaska 106 35 58°16′48″N 154°57′47″W / 58.28°N 154.963°W / 58.28; -154.963
29 Mount Veniaminof   Alaska 102 47 56°10′N 159°23′W / 56.17°N 159.38°W / 56.17; -159.38
30 Atka volcanic complex   Alaska 102 35 52°22′52″N 174°09′14″W / 52.381°N 174.154°W / 52.381; -174.154
31 Korovin Volcano   Alaska 102 35 52°22′52″N 174°09′58″W / 52.381°N 174.166°W / 52.381; -174.166
32 Shishaldin Volcano   Alaska 93 41 54°45′22″N 163°58′12″W / 54.756°N 163.97°W / 54.756; -163.97
33 Clear Lake volcanic field   California 92 15 38°58′N 122°46′W / 38.97°N 122.77°W / 38.97; -122.77
34 Mount Adams   Washington 92 15 46°12′22″N 121°29′24″W / 46.206°N 121.49°W / 46.206; -121.49
35 Hayes Volcano   Alaska 90 34 61°38′24″N 152°24′40″W / 61.64°N 152.411°W / 61.64; -152.411
36 Westdahl Peak   Alaska 89 47 54°31′05″N 164°39′00″W / 54.518°N 164.65°W / 54.518; -164.65
37 Novarupta   Alaska 88 35 58°16′12″N 155°09′25″W / 58.27°N 155.157°W / 58.27; -155.157
38 Mount Churchill   Alaska 82 29 61°23′N 141°45′W / 61.38°N 141.75°W / 61.38; -141.75
39 Kanaga Volcano   Alaska 81 41 51°55′23″N 177°10′05″W / 51.923°N 177.168°W / 51.923; -177.168
40 Ugashik-Peulik volcanic complex   Alaska 81 41 57°45′04″N 156°22′05″W / 57.751°N 156.368°W / 57.751; -156.368
41 Pavlof Volcano   Alaska 81 35 55°25′12″N 161°53′13″W / 55.42°N 161.887°W / 55.42; -161.887
42 Mount Griggs   Alaska 79 23 58°21′14″N 155°05′31″W / 58.354°N 155.092°W / 58.354; -155.092
43 Kaguyak Crater   Alaska 79 29 58°36′29″N 154°01′41″W / 58.608°N 154.028°W / 58.608; -154.028
44 Pagan Island   Northern Mariana Islands 79 28 18°08′N 145°48′E / 18.13°N 145.8°E / 18.13; 145.8
45 Medicine Lake   California 78 19 41°35′N 121°34′W / 41.58°N 121.57°W / 41.58; -121.57
46 Great Sitkin Volcano   Alaska 76 41 52°04′34″N 176°07′48″W / 52.076°N 176.13°W / 52.076; -176.13
47 Kasatochi Island   Alaska 75 35 52°10′37″N 175°30′29″W / 52.177°N 175.508°W / 52.177; -175.508
48 Mount Cleveland   Alaska 75 35 52°49′30″N 169°56′38″W / 52.825°N 169.944°W / 52.825; -169.944
49 Mount Moffett   Alaska 73 17 51°56′38″N 176°44′49″W / 51.944°N 176.747°W / 51.944; -176.747
50 Seguam Island   Alaska 73 47 52°18′54″N 172°30′36″W / 52.315°N 172.51°W / 52.315; -172.51
51 Fisher Caldera   Alaska 71 35 54°39′N 164°26′W / 54.65°N 164.43°W / 54.65; -164.43
52 Snowy Mountain   Alaska 71 12 58°20′10″N 154°40′55″W / 58.336°N 154.682°W / 58.336; -154.682
53 Fourpeaked Mountain   Alaska 71 12 58°46′12″N 153°40′19″W / 58.77°N 153.672°W / 58.77; -153.672
54 Mount Douglas   Alaska 71 12 58°51′18″N 153°32′31″W / 58.855°N 153.542°W / 58.855; -153.542
55 Semisopochnoi Island   Alaska 70 41 51°56′N 179°35′E / 51.93°N 179.58°E / 51.93; 179.58
56 Salton Buttes   California 68 14 33°12′N 115°37′W / 33.2°N 115.62°W / 33.2; -115.62
57 Agrigan Island   Northern Mariana Islands 67 24 18°46′N 145°40′E / 18.77°N 145.67°E / 18.77; 145.67
58 Mount Edgecumbe   Alaska 65 23 57°03′N 135°45′W / 57.05°N 135.75°W / 57.05; -135.75
59 Mount Vsevidof   Alaska 65 29 53°07′48″N 168°41′35″W / 53.13°N 168.693°W / 53.13; -168.693
60 Mount Gareloi   Alaska 64 35 51°47′24″N 178°47′38″W / 51.79°N 178.794°W / 51.79; -178.794
61 Tanaga Volcano   Alaska 64 29 51°53′06″N 178°08′46″W / 51.885°N 178.146°W / 51.885; -178.146
62 Alamagan Island   Northern Mariana Islands 64 24 17°36′N 145°50′E / 17.6°N 145.83°E / 17.6; 145.83
63 Anatahan Island   Northern Mariana Islands 64 18 16°21′N 145°40′E / 16.35°N 145.67°E / 16.35; 145.67
64 Mount Dutton   Alaska 63 12 55°10′05″N 162°16′19″W / 55.168°N 162.272°W / 55.168; -162.272
65 Roundtop Mountain   Alaska 62 12 54°48′00″N 163°35′20″W / 54.8°N 163.589°W / 54.8; -163.589
66 Kukak Volcano   Alaska 62 12 58°27′11″N 154°21′18″W / 58.453°N 154.355°W / 58.453; -154.355
67 Mount Recheschnoi   Alaska 61 23 53°09′25″N 168°32′20″W / 53.157°N 168.539°W / 53.157; -168.539
68 Valles Caldera   New Mexico 60 20 35°52′N 106°34′W / 35.87°N 106.57°W / 35.87; -106.57
69 Mono Lake volcanic field   California 57 22 38°00′N 119°02′W / 38°N 119.03°W / 38; -119.03
70 Kiska Volcano   Alaska 55 34 52°06′11″N 177°36′07″E / 52.103°N 177.602°E / 52.103; 177.602
71 Mount Chiginagak   Alaska 55 23 57°08′06″N 156°59′24″W / 57.135°N 156.99°W / 57.135; -156.99
72 Coso volcanic field   California 55 15 36°02′N 117°49′W / 36.03°N 117.82°W / 36.03; -117.82
73 Emmons Lake   Alaska 54 23 55°20′28″N 162°04′44″W / 55.341°N 162.079°W / 55.341; -162.079
74 Pavlof Sister   Alaska 54 23 55°27′11″N 161°50′35″W / 55.453°N 161.843°W / 55.453; -161.843
75 Little Sitkin Island   Alaska 53 24 51°57′00″N 178°32′35″E / 51.95°N 178.543°E / 51.95; 178.543
76 Bogoslof Island   Alaska 52 35 53°56′N 168°02′W / 53.93°N 168.03°W / 53.93; -168.03
77 Mount Dana   Alaska 52 29 55°38′28″N 161°12′50″W / 55.641°N 161.214°W / 55.641; -161.214
78 Soda Lakes   Nevada 51 13 39°32′N 118°52′W / 39.53°N 118.87°W / 39.53; -118.87
79 Mount Adagdak   Alaska 51 6 51°59′17″N 176°35′31″W / 51.988°N 176.592°W / 51.988; -176.592
80 San Francisco Volcanic Field   Arizona 51 20 35°22′N 111°30′W / 35.37°N 111.5°W / 35.37; -111.5
81 Yantarni Volcano   Alaska 49 29 57°01′08″N 157°11′06″W / 57.019°N 157.185°W / 57.019; -157.185
82 Dotsero   Colorado 49 13 39°39′N 107°02′W / 39.65°N 107.03°W / 39.65; -107.03
83 Guguan Island   Northern Mariana Islands 48 24 17°19′N 145°51′E / 17.32°N 145.85°E / 17.32; 145.85
84 Takawangha volcano   Alaska 47 17 51°52′23″N 178°00′22″W / 51.873°N 178.006°W / 51.873; -178.006
85 Frosty Peak   Alaska 46 12 55°04′55″N 162°48′50″W / 55.082°N 162.814°W / 55.082; -162.814
86 Haleakalā   Hawaii 45 3 20°42′29″N 156°15′00″W / 20.708°N 156.25°W / 20.708; -156.25
87 Mount Denison   Alaska 44 12 58°25′05″N 154°26′56″W / 58.418°N 154.449°W / 58.418; -154.449
88 Mount Steller   Alaska 44 12 58°26′N 154°24′W / 58.43°N 154.4°W / 58.43; -154.4
89 Black Peak   Alaska 44 29 56°33′07″N 158°47′06″W / 56.552°N 158.785°W / 56.552; -158.785
90 Mammoth Mountain   California 42 2 37°35′N 119°03′W / 37.58°N 119.05°W / 37.58; -119.05
91 Amukta Island   Alaska 41 29 52°30′00″N 171°15′07″W / 52.5°N 171.252°W / 52.5; -171.252
92 Ukinrek maars   Alaska 41 17 57°49′55″N 156°30′36″W / 57.832°N 156.51°W / 57.832; -156.51
93 Mount Kupreanof   Alaska 40 12 56°00′40″N 159°47′49″W / 56.011°N 159.797°W / 56.011; -159.797
94 Mount Bachelor   Oregon 39 7 43°58′44″N 121°41′17″W / 43.979°N 121.688°W / 43.979; -121.688
95 Farallon de Pajaros   Northern Mariana Islands 37 20 20°32′N 144°54′E / 20.53°N 144.9°E / 20.53; 144.9
96 Sarigan Island   Northern Mariana Islands 36 18 16°42′29″N 145°46′48″E / 16.708°N 145.78°E / 16.708; 145.78
97 East Diamante   Northern Mariana Islands 36 18 15°56′N 145°40′E / 15.93°N 145.67°E / 15.93; 145.67
98 Yunaska Island   Alaska 36 29 52°38′35″N 170°37′44″W / 52.643°N 170.629°W / 52.643; -170.629
99 Ubehebe Crater   California 35 15 37°01′N 117°27′W / 37.02°N 117.45°W / 37.02; -117.45
100 Kagamil Volcano   Alaska 35 17 52°58′26″N 169°43′12″W / 52.974°N 169.72°W / 52.974; -169.72
101 Mount Wrangell   Alaska 35 3 62°00′N 144°01′W / 62°N 144.02°W / 62; -144.02
102 Black Rock Desert   Utah 34 15 38°58′N 112°30′W / 38.97°N 112.5°W / 38.97; -112.5
103 Asuncion Island   Northern Mariana Islands 32 16 19°40′N 145°24′E / 19.67°N 145.4°E / 19.67; 145.4
104 Mount Kialagvik   Alaska 32 12 57°12′11″N 156°44′42″W / 57.203°N 156.745°W / 57.203; -156.745
105 St. Michael Island   Alaska 31 12 63°27′N 162°07′W / 63.45°N 162.12°W / 63.45; -162.12
106 Mauna Kea   Hawaii 30 2 19°49′N 155°28′W / 19.82°N 155.47°W / 19.82; -155.47
107 Carlisle Island   Alaska 29 12 52°53′38″N 170°03′14″W / 52.894°N 170.054°W / 52.894; -170.054
108 Tana   Alaska 29 12 52°50′N 169°46′W / 52.83°N 169.77°W / 52.83; -169.77
109 Zealandia Bank   Northern Mariana Islands 28 16 16°53′N 145°51′E / 16.88°N 145.85°E / 16.88; 145.85
110 Segula Island   Alaska 27 10 52°00′54″N 178°08′10″E / 52.015°N 178.136°E / 52.015; 178.136
111 Koniuji Island   Alaska 26 17 52°13′N 175°08′W / 52.22°N 175.13°W / 52.22; -175.13
112 Ingakslugwat Hills   Alaska 26 10 61°26′N 164°28′W / 61.43°N 164.47°W / 61.43; -164.47
113 Herbert Island   Alaska 23 12 52°44′31″N 170°06′40″W / 52.742°N 170.111°W / 52.742; -170.111
114 Uliaga Island   Alaska 23 12 53°03′54″N 169°46′12″W / 53.065°N 169.77°W / 53.065; -169.77
115 Chagulak Island   Alaska 22 10 52°34′37″N 171°07′48″W / 52.577°N 171.13°W / 52.577; -171.13
116 Bobrof Volcano   Alaska 20 6 51°54′36″N 177°26′17″W / 51.91°N 177.438°W / 51.91; -177.438
117 Amak Island   Alaska 20 12 55°25′26″N 163°08′56″W / 55.424°N 163.149°W / 55.424; -163.149
118 Supply Reef   Northern Mariana Islands 20 12 20°08′N 145°06′E / 20.13°N 145.1°E / 20.13; 145.1
119 South Sarigan Seamount   Northern Mariana Islands 20 12 16°35′N 145°47′E / 16.58°N 145.78°E / 16.58; 145.78
120 Tutuila Island   American Samoa 19 4 14°17′42″S 170°42′00″W / 14.295°S 170.7°W / -14.295; -170.7
121 (unnamed)   Alaska 17 12 57°52′N 155°25′W / 57.87°N 155.42°W / 57.87; -155.42
122 Maug Islands   Northern Mariana Islands 16 8 20°01′N 145°13′E / 20.02°N 145.22°E / 20.02; 145.22
123 Hell's Half Acre   Idaho 14 1 43°30′N 112°27′W / 43.5°N 112.45°W / 43.5; -112.45
124 Craters of the Moon   Idaho 14 0 43°25′N 113°30′W / 43.42°N 113.5°W / 43.42; -113.5
125 Mount Jefferson   Oregon 13 0 44°41′31″N 121°48′00″W / 44.692°N 121.8°W / 44.692; -121.8
126 Taʻū Island   American Samoa 12 0 14°13′48″S 169°27′14″W / 14.23°S 169.454°W / -14.23; -169.454
127 Ofu-Olosega   American Samoa 12 0 14°10′30″S 169°37′05″W / 14.175°S 169.618°W / -14.175; -169.618
128 Wide Bay cone   Alaska 12 1 53°58′05″N 166°40′37″W / 53.968°N 166.677°W / 53.968; -166.677
129 Buldir Volcano   Alaska 12 5 52°21′00″N 175°54′40″E / 52.35°N 175.911°E / 52.35; 175.911
130 Davidof Island   Alaska 12 5 51°58′N 178°20′E / 51.97°N 178.33°E / 51.97; 178.33
131 Indian Heaven   Washington 12 0 45°56′N 121°49′W / 45.93°N 121.82°W / 45.93; -121.82
132 Belknap Crater   Oregon 12 2 44°17′06″N 121°50′28″W / 44.285°N 121.841°W / 44.285; -121.841
133 Markagunt Plateau   Utah 11 8 37°35′N 112°40′W / 37.58°N 112.67°W / 37.58; -112.67
134 West Crater   Washington 11 1 45°53′N 122°05′W / 45.88°N 122.08°W / 45.88; -122.08
135 Buzzard Creek   Alaska 10 2 64°04′N 148°25′W / 64.07°N 148.42°W / 64.07; -148.42
136 Black Butte Crater   Idaho 10 1 43°11′N 114°21′W / 43.18°N 114.35°W / 43.18; -114.35
137 Wapi Flow   Idaho 8 0 42°53′N 113°13′W / 42.88°N 113.22°W / 42.88; -113.22
138 Carrizozo Mountain   New Mexico 6 0 33°47′N 105°56′W / 33.78°N 105.93°W / 33.78; -105.93
139 Stepovak Bay group   Alaska 6 2 55°56′N 160°00′W / 55.93°N 160°W / 55.93; -160
140 Blue Lake crater   Oregon 6 1 44°25′N 121°46′W / 44.42°N 121.77°W / 44.42; -121.77
141 Zuni-Bandera volcanic field   New Mexico 5 0 34°48′N 108°00′W / 34.8°N 108°W / 34.8; -108
142 Sand Mountain volcanic field   Oregon 5 1 44°23′N 121°56′W / 44.38°N 121.93°W / 44.38; -121.93
143 Duncan Canal   Alaska 5 1 56°30′N 133°06′W / 56.5°N 133.1°W / 56.5; -133.1
144 Red Hill–Quemado volcanic field   New Mexico 5 0 34°15′N 108°50′W / 34.25°N 108.83°W / 34.25; -108.83
145 Tlevak Strait-Suemez Island   Alaska 5 0 55°15′N 133°18′W / 55.25°N 133.3°W / 55.25; -133.3
146 Behm Canal-Rudyerd Bay   Alaska 5 1 55°19′N 131°03′W / 55.32°N 131.05°W / 55.32; -131.05
147 Davis Lake   Oregon 4 0 43°34′N 121°49′W / 43.57°N 121.82°W / 43.57; -121.82
148 Jordan Craters   Oregon 4 0 43°09′N 117°28′W / 43.15°N 117.47°W / 43.15; -117.47
149 St. Paul Island   Alaska 4 0 57°11′N 170°18′W / 57.18°N 170.3°W / 57.18; -170.3
150 Cinnamon Butte   Oregon 3 0 43°14′28″N 122°06′29″W / 43.241°N 122.108°W / 43.241; -122.108
151 Devils Garden   Oregon 3 0 43°30′43″N 120°51′40″W / 43.512°N 120.861°W / 43.512; -120.861
152 Diamond Craters   Oregon 3 0 43°06′N 118°45′W / 43.1°N 118.75°W / 43.1; -118.75
153 Uinkaret volcanic field   Arizona 2 0 36°23′N 113°08′W / 36.38°N 113.13°W / 36.38; -113.13
154 Golden Trout Creek volcanic field   California 2 0 36°21′29″N 118°19′12″W / 36.358°N 118.32°W / 36.358; -118.32
155 Fukujin Seamount   Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 21°56′N 143°28′E / 21.93°N 143.47°E / 21.93; 143.47
156 Kasuga 2   Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 21°56′N 143°28′E / 21.93°N 143.47°E / 21.93; 143.47
157 Daikoku Seamount   Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 21°36′00″N 143°38′13″E / 21.6°N 143.637°E / 21.6; 143.637
158 Ahyi Seamount   Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 21°19′26″N 144°11′38″E / 21.324°N 144.194°E / 21.324; 144.194
159 Ruby Seamount   Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 20°25′N 145°02′E / 20.42°N 145.03°E / 20.42; 145.03
160 Esmeralda Bank   Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 15°37′N 145°34′E / 15.62°N 145.57°E / 15.62; 145.57
161 Imuruk Lake   Alaska 0 0 15°00′N 145°15′W / 15°N 145.25°W / 15; -145.25

Reception

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Mackenzie, Muschalik & Broesche (2021) provided comments on the 2018 report in three separately authored sections.[4] Broesche believes that Yellowstone should be ranked higher due to the size of the volcano and the popularity of Yellowstone National Park, and Muschalik considers Mount Rainier to be just as dangerous as Kilauea due to its proximity to large population centers in Washington. Mackenzie considers Yellowstone to be just as hazardous as Kilauea.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Ewert, John W.; Diefenbach, Angela K.; Ramsey, David W. (2018), "2018 update to the U.S. Geological Survey national volcanic threat assessment", Scientific Investigations Report, US Geological Survey, doi:10.3133/sir20185140, ISSN 2328-0328
  2. ^ Ewert, John W.; Guffanti, Marianne; Murray, Thomas L. (2005), An Assessment of Volcanic Threat and Monitoring Capabilities in the United States: Framework for a National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS) (PDF), US Geological Survey, ISSN 2328-0328, retrieved July 21, 2023
  3. ^ "Which U.S. volcanoes pose a threat?". PreventionWeb. December 20, 2018. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
  4. ^ Mackenzie, Kerry; Muschalik, Madeline; Broesche, Bethany (2021). "Comment on the 2018 Update to the USGS National Volcanic Threat Assessment". The University of Texas at Austin. doi:10.26153/TSW/23462. Retrieved July 21, 2023. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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