October 1974 United Kingdom general election

October 1974 United Kingdom general election
← outgoing members elected members →
All 635 seats in the House of Commons; 318 seats needed for a majority
	Opinion polls
Turnout	72.8% (6.0 pp)
	Colours denote the winning party—as shown in § Results
	Composition of the House of Commons after the election
Prime Minister before election; Harold Wilson; Labour	Prime Minister after election ; Harold Wilson; Labour

The October 1974 United Kingdom general election took place on Thursday 10 October 1974 to elect 635 members of the House of Commons. It was the second general election held that year; the first year that two general elections were held in the same year since 1910; and the first time that two general elections were held less than a year apart from each other since the 1923 and 1924 elections, which took place 10 months apart.

The election resulted in a narrow victory for the Labour Party, led by Prime Minister Harold Wilson, which won a wafer-thin majority of 3 seats, the narrowest in modern British history. It was to remain the last general election victory for the Labour Party until 1997, with the Conservative Party winning majorities in the next four general elections. It would also be the last time Labour won more seats at a national election than the Conservatives until the 1989 European Parliament election. This remains the most recent General Election that Labour made net gains in seats whilst in government.

The narrowness of the majority meant that the Labour government saw a gradual loss of its majority by 1977 through a series of by-election losses and defections, thus requiring deals with the Liberals, the Ulster Unionists, the Scottish Nationalists and the Welsh Nationalists. It led to the eventual defeat of the government in a no-confidence motion in March 1979, six months before the mandatory dissolution of Parliament was set to take place.

This election was held just seven months after the previous general election, held in February 1974, had led to a hung parliament, with Labour winning 301 seats and the Conservatives left with 297. Following the inconclusive nature of coalition talks between the Conservatives and other parties such as the Liberals and the Ulster Unionists, the Labour Leader Harold Wilson went on to form a minority government.

The October campaign was not as vigorous or exciting as the one in February. Despite continuing high inflation, Labour boasted that it had ended the miners' strike, which had dogged Heath's premiership, and had returned some stability. The Conservative Party, led by Leader of the Opposition and former Prime Minister Edward Heath, released a manifesto promoting national unity, but its chances of forming a government were hindered by the Ulster Unionist Party refusing to take the Conservative whip at Westminster in response to the Sunningdale Agreement of 1973.

Both the Conservatives and the Liberals saw their vote share decline, and Heath, who had lost three of the four elections that he contested, was ousted as Conservative leader in February 1975 and replaced with future Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. The Scottish National Party won 30% of the Scottish popular vote and 11 of Scotland's 71 seats in the party's most successful general election result until 2015.

The election was broadcast live on the BBC and was presented by David Butler, Alastair Burnet, Robert McKenzie, Robin Day and Sue Lawley.^[1]

Since Jeremy Thorpe's death in December 2014, this is the latest election where all the three major party leaders are deceased.

Campaign

The brief period between the elections gave Wilson the opportunity to demonstrate reasonable progress. Despite high inflation and high balance-of-trade deficits, the miners' strike, which had dogged Heath was over, and some stability had been restored. After the February election, Heath had remained largely out of the public eye.^{[citation needed]}

As was expected, the campaign was not as exciting as the one in February, and overall coverage by broadcasters was significantly scaled back. The Conservatives campaigned on a manifesto of national unity in response to the mood of the public. Labour campaigned on its recent successes in government, and although the party was divided over Europe, the party's strengths outweighed that of Heath, who knew that his future relied on an election victory. Devolution was a key issue for the Liberals and the Scottish National Party, and it was now one that the two main parties also felt the need to address. The Liberals did not issue a new manifesto but simply reissued the one they had created for the last election.^[2]^[3]

Timeline

Prime Minister Harold Wilson's decision to call a general election on October 10th 1974 was reported in the newspapers that were dated September 9th 1974 and made a ministerial broadcast on television on 18 September to announce that the election would be held on 10 October, less than eight months since the previous election. The key dates were as follows:

Friday 20 September	Dissolution of the 46th Parliament and campaigning officially begins
Monday 30 September	Last day to file nomination papers
Wednesday 9 October	Campaigning officially ends
Thursday 10 October	Polling day
Friday 11 October	The Labour Party wins control with a majority of 3
Tuesday 22 October	47th Parliament assembles
Tuesday 29 October	State Opening of Parliament

Results

Labour achieved a swing of 2% against the Conservatives. It was the first time since 1922 that a government had won an overall majority with less than 40% of the vote, but the majority of only three seats. The Conservatives won just under 36% of the vote, their worst share since 1918. A slight drop in the Liberals' vote saw them suffer a net loss of one seat. In Scotland, the Scottish National Party added another 4 seats to their successes in the previous election and became the fourth-largest party.

Turnout was 72.8%, which was a significant decline on the February election's 78.8% turnout.

UK General Election October 1974
			Candidates						Votes
Party		Leader	Stood	Elected	Gained	Unseated	Net	% of total	%	No.	Net %
	Labour	Harold Wilson	623	319	19	1	+18	50.2	39.2	11,457,079	+2.0
	Conservative	Edward Heath	622	277^{[note 1]}	2	22	−20	43.6	35.8	10,462,565	−2.1
	Liberal	Jeremy Thorpe	619	13	1	2	−1	2.1	18.3	5,346,704	−1.0
	SNP	William Wolfe	71	11	4	0	+4	1.7	2.9	839,617	+0.9
	UUP	Harry West	7	6	0	1	−1	0.9	0.9	256,065	+0.1
	Plaid Cymru	Gwynfor Evans	36	3	1	0	+1	0.5	0.6	166,321	+0.1
	SDLP	Gerry Fitt	9	1	0	0	0	0.2	0.6	154,193	+0.1
	National Front	John Kingsley Read	90	0	0	0	0		0.4	113,843	+0.2
	Vanguard	William Craig	3	3	0	0	0	0.5	0.3	92,262	+0.1
	DUP	Ian Paisley	2	1	0	0	0	0.2	0.3	59,451	+0.1
	Alliance	Oliver Napier	5	0	0	0	0		0.2	44,644	+0.1
	Independent Labour	N/A	7	0	0	1	−1		0.2	33,317	+0.1
	Ind. Republican	N/A	1	1	1	0	+1	0.2	0.2	32,795	+0.2
	Republican Clubs	Tomás Mac Giolla	5	0	0	0	0		0.1	21,633	+0.1
	Unionist Party NI	Brian Faulkner	2	0	0	0	0		0.1	20,454	N/A
	Communist	John Gollan	29	0	0	0	0		0.1	17,426	0.0
	Democratic Labour	Dick Taverne	1	0	0	1	−1		0.1	13,714	+0.1
	NI Labour	Alan Carr	3	0	0	0	0		0.0	11,539	0.0
	Independent	N/A	32	0	0	0	0		0.0	8,812	−0.1
	Independent Ulster Unionist	N/A	1	0	0	0	0		0.0	4,982	N/A
	United Democratic	James Tippett	13	0	0	0	0		0.0	4,810	N/A
	Ind. Conservative	N/A	4	0	0	0	0		0.0	4,559	0.0
	More Prosperous Britain	Tom Keen and Harold Smith	25	0	0	0	0		0.0	4,301	0.0
	Workers Revolutionary	Gerry Healey	10	0	0	0	0		0.0	3,404	0.0
	Independent Liberal	N/A	3	0	0	0	0		0.0	3,277	−0.2
	Volunteer Political	Ken Gibson	1	0	0	0	0		0.0	2,690	N/A
	Irish Civil Rights	N/A	7	0	0	0	0		0.0	2,381	N/A
	PEOPLE	Tony Whittaker	5	0	0	0	0		0.0	1,996	0.0
	Marxist-Leninist (England)	John Buckle	8	0	0	0	0		0.0	1,320	0.0
	English National	Frank Hansford-Miller	2	0	0	0	0		0.0	1,115	N/A
	United English National	John Kynaston	1	0	0	0	0		0.0	793	N/A
	Marxist–Leninist (Ireland)	Carole Reakes	3	0	0	0	0		0.0	540	N/A
	Mebyon Kernow	Richard Jenkin	1	0	0	0	0		0.0	384	N/A
	Socialist (GB)	N/A	1	0	0	0	0		0.0	118	N/A

Government's new majority	3
Total votes cast	29,189,104
Turnout	72.8%

Votes summary

Popular vote

Labour			39.25%
Conservative			35.84%
Liberal			18.32%
Scottish National			2.88%
Others			3.71%

Seats summary

Parliamentary seats

Labour			50.24%
Conservative			43.62%
Liberal			2.05%
Scottish National			1.73%
Others			2.36%

Incumbents defeated

	Name	Constituency	Office held whilst in Parliament	Year elected	Defeated by
Conservative	Jock Bruce-Gardyne	Angus South		1964	Andrew Welsh	SNP
	Michael Ancram	Berwick and East Lothian		Feb 1974	John Mackintosh	Labour
	Harold Gurden	Birmingham Selly Oak		1955	Tom Litterick	Labour
	Robert Redmond	Bolton West		1970	Ann Taylor	Labour
	Martin McLaren	Bristol North West		1970	Ronald Thomas	Labour
	Michael Fidler	Bury and Radcliffe		1970	Frank White	Labour
	Barry Henderson	East Dunbartonshire		Feb 1974	Margaret Bain	SNP
	James Allason	Hemel Hempstead		1959	Robin Corbett	Labour
	Tom Iremonger	Ilford North		1954 by-election	Millie Miller	Labour
	Ernle Money	Ipswich		1970	Ken Weetch	Labour
	Tom Boardman	Leicester South	Chief Secretary to the Treasury (1974)	1967 by-election	Jim Marshall	Labour
	Jack d'Avigdor-Goldsmid	Lichfield and Tamworth		1970	Bruce Grocott	Labour
	David Waddington	Nelson and Colne		1968 by-election	Doug Hoyle	Labour
	Montague Woodhouse	Oxford		1970	Evan Luard	Labour
	Ian MacArthur	Perth and East Perthshire		1959	Douglas Crawford	SNP
	Harmar Nicholls	Peterborough		1950	Michael Ward	Labour
	Peggy Fenner	Rochester and Chatham	Parliamentary Under-Secretary for the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1972–1974)	1970	Robert Bean	Labour
	Ronald Bray	Rossendale		1970	Michael Noble	Labour
	James Hill	Southampton Test		1970	Bryan Gould	Labour
	Piers Dixon	Truro		1970	David Penhaligon	Liberal
	Robert Lindsay	Welwyn and Hatfield	Minister of State for Foreign Affairs (1972–1974)	1955	Helene Hayman	Labour
Labour	Gwynoro Jones	Carmarthen		1970	Gwynfor Evans	Plaid Cymru
Liberal	Paul Tyler	Bodmin, Cornwall		Feb 1974	Robert Hicks	Conservative
	Michael Winstanley	Hazel Grove		Feb 1974	Tom Arnold	Conservative
	Christopher Mayhew^[4]	Woolwich East (contested Bath)		1951 by-election	Edward Brown	Conservative
Independent	Eddie Milne^[5]	Blyth		1960 by-election	John Ryman	Labour
Independent	Edward Griffiths^[6]	Sheffield Brightside		1968 by-election	Joan Maynard	Labour
UUP	Harry West	Fermanagh and South Tyrone	Leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (1974 –1979)	Feb 1974	Frank Maguire	Independent
Democratic Labour	Dick Taverne^[7]	Lincoln	Financial Secretary to the Treasury (1969–1970)	1962 by-election	Margaret Jackson	Labour

Notes

^ ^a ^b The seat and vote count figures for the Conservatives given here include the Speaker of the House of Commons

References

^ Election 1974 (October) – Part 1 on YouTube, UK General Election 1974 – Results Round-up on YouTube
^ 1974 Oct: Wilson makes it four, BBC News, 5 April 2005, retrieved 8 June 2018
^ "10 October 1974", BBC Politics 97, retrieved 8 June 2018
^ Elected as a Labour MP
^ Elected as a Labour MP
^ Elected as a Labour MP
^ Elected as a Labour MP

External links

United Kingdom election results—summary results 1885–1979

Manifestos

Putting Britain First, October 1974 Conservative Party manifesto
Britain Will Win With Labour, October 1974 Labour Party manifesto
Why Britain Needs Liberal Government, October 1974 Liberal Party manifesto

[speaker-1] The seat and vote count figures for the Conservatives given here include the Speaker of the House of Commons

[2] Election 1974 (October) – Part 1 on YouTube, UK General Election 1974 – Results Round-up on YouTube

[3] 1974 Oct: Wilson makes it four, BBC News, 5 April 2005, retrieved 8 June 2018

[4] "10 October 1974", BBC Politics 97, retrieved 8 June 2018

[5] Elected as a Labour MP

[6] Elected as a Labour MP

[7] Elected as a Labour MP

[8] Elected as a Labour MP

[note 1]

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