Una Harriet Ella Stratford Duval (née Dugdale; 28 January 1879 – 24 February 1975) was a British suffragette and marriage reformer.[1] Her refusal to say "and obey" in her marriage vows made national news. She bought the painting of Christabel Pankhurst by the suffragist Ethel Wright which was later donated to the National Portrait Gallery.
Una Duval | |
|---|---|
.webp) "Love, Honour and not Obey" portrait by Ethel Wright | |
| Born | 28 January 1879 Upper Norwood, London, England |
| Died | 24 February 1975 (Aged 96) St Stephen's Hospital, Chelsea, London, England |
| Alma mater | Cheltenham Ladies College |
| Known for | Suffragette and marriage reformer |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 2 |
| Relatives |
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Early life
editUna was the debutante[1] daughter of Commander Edward Stratford Dugdale and his wife, Harriet Ella Portman, who were both supporters of the suffrage movement. Una was educated at Cheltenham Ladies' College, and later in Hanover and Paris where she studied singing.[2] She was niece of Arthur Peel, 1st Viscount Peel, Speaker of the House of Commons[3] Her parents' household had five servants, and they had a holiday home near Aberdeen.[2]
Activism
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Una Dugdale was introduced to the suffrage movement by Frank Rutter. In 1907 she first heard Christabel Pankhurst speaking in Hyde Park and from thence on toured the country with Mrs. Pankhurst raising political awareness and helping her in her work.[2] In 1908 she began working with Helen Fraser in Aberdeen, where she addressed the (predominantly male) fisherfolk in Stonehaven.[4] And she was pictured at the by-election in Newcastle in 1908 talking to voters (male) aiming to gain their support.
One of her sisters, Marjorie 'Daisy' Dugdale (1884–1973) led the procession to welcome Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst on their release from prison on 19 December 1908.[5] On 24 February 1909 Una Dugdale was arrested in Parliament Square during a suffragette "raid" on the House of Commons. She remained in prison for one month. During 1909–1910 Dugdale joined Mrs. Pankhurst on her two Scottish tours.[2]
In 1921 Lady Rhondda founded the Six Point Group to campaign for improved legislation on child assault; for the widowed mother; for the unmarried mother and her child; equal rights of guardianship for married parents; equal pay for teachers; and equal opportunities for men and women in the civil service.[6] A number of Suffragists joined, including Una Dugdale, who became one of the Vice Presidents.[7][8]
Marriage controversy
editIn 1912 Una Dugdale married Victor Duval. Duval's father, Ernest Charles Augustus Diederichs Duval, a German immigrant of potentially Jewish background,[9] his mother and aunt were also members of the Jewish League for Women Suffrage.[10]
Duval was the founder of The Men’s Political Union for Women’s Enfranchisement; son of Emily Hayes Duval and brother of Elsie Duval - both fellow suffragists. Elsie was the second person to be released under the Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913 (the so-called "Cat and Mouse law"),[11] and wife to Hugh Franklin. Duval came from a middle class family, all of whom supported votes for women.[10]
Dugdale sparked a national scandal in 1912 before she married Victor Diederichs Duval (1885–1945), who she had met when he acted as best man at Frank Rutter's wedding. Dugdale said she would refuse to use the word "obey" in her marriage vows, she was advised that its omission could cast doubt on the legality of the marriage,[12][13] but nevertheles still refused.[14] The wedding took place at the Savoy Chapel, her father led her down the aisle and Christabel Pankhurst, Constance Lytton and the Pethick-Lawrences attended dressed in WSPU colours.[15]
The couple went on to have two daughters.[16]
As a response to the scandal, Dugdale (now Mrs. Duval) wrote 'To Love Honour – But Not Obey'.[17]
Ethel Wright art collection
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In 1909 a full length portrait of Christabel Pankhurst by Ethel Wright was exhibited at "The Women's Exhibition" hosted by the Women's Social and Political Union. It was funded by Clara Mordan and held at the Prince's Ice Rink in Knightsbridge in May 1909.[18] Duval bought the painting for 100 guineas[19] and it remained in the family until being bequeathed by a descendent of the Duvals to the National Portrait Gallery in 2011,[20] it was first exhibited by them in 2018.
In 1912, the year Una Dugdale married Victor Duval, publishing her pamphlet "Love, Honour and not Obey" she, too, was painted by Ethel Wright. Wright painted a full length portrait of Una Dugdale dressed in bright jade with a background of fierce fighting cocks, entitled "The Music Room". This painting was first shown in London’s Stafford Gallery in the same year [21] and has remained in the family since, being exhibited as recently as 2020 at the Pallant House Gallery, Chichester[22] and 2024 in Now You See Us: Women Artists in Britain, 1520-1920, Tate Britain, 16 May-13 October 2024.[23]
Ethel Wright was also responsible for the portrait which was featured on Una Duval's marriage reform pamphlet.
Suffragette Fellowship
editAfter the First World War, Una Duval co-founded The Suffragette Fellowship, an organisation to preserve the memory of the militant suffrage struggle, of which she was the treasurer.[16]
In the media
editOn 29 January 1955, Una Duval recorded an interview with John Ellison from the BBC Home Service's In Town Tonight describing how she attempted to storm parliament, was beaten in the street by policemen, and spent time in prison, during the campaign for women's votes.[24]
References
edit- ^ a b Blackford, Catherine. "Duval [née Dugdale], Una Harriet Ella Stratford". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/56227. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b c d Crawford, Elizabeth (2003). The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866–1928. Routledge. p. 177. ISBN 9780748403790. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
- ^ "The Marriage Vow". Ashburton Guardian. New Zealand. 1 March 1912. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
- ^ Pedersen, Sarah. "The Aberdeen Women's Suffrage Campaign". suffrageaberdeen.co.uk. copyright WildFireOne. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ "These are the female heroes who led the suffrage movement". Metro. 6 February 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ^ "Winifred Mayo". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
- ^ Paxton, Naomi (2019). "Very much alive and kicking". Stage women, 1900–50. p. 131. doi:10.7765/9781526147271.00013. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ Paxton, Naomi (2018). "Hope". Stage rights!: The Actresses’ Franchise League, activism and politics 1908–58 (PDF). p. 180. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ "Naturalisations published in the Jewish Chronicle between 1902 and 1906. Extracted by Ian Melville". British Jewry. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ a b "Victor Duval". The Women’s Suffrage Project. Historical Association and the Association for Citizenship Teaching with support from the Government Equalities Office and Cabinet Office of HM Government. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ Elizabeth Crawford (2013). "Elsie Duval". Women's Suffrage Movement. pp. 179–180. ISBN 978-1135434021.
- ^ Alan Travis (10 October 2003). "Big Brother and the sisters". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
- ^ "SUFFRAGIST WEDDING". North West Post (Formby, Tas. : 1887 – 1916). 6 March 1912. p. 3. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ "'No Obey' Wedding". The Daily Mirror. UK. 15 January 1912. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ Diane Atkinson (8 February 2018). Rise Up Women!: The Remarkable Lives of the Suffragettes. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4088-4406-9.
- ^ a b "Una Stratford Dugdale". Suffragette Stories. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
- ^ Duval, Una (1912). Love and Honour But Not Obey. UK: George Villiers Press. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
- ^ "Clara Mordan". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
- ^ "Ethel Wright". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
- ^ "Dame Christabel Pankhurst 1880-1958". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
- ^ "Radical women rescued from obscurity". Financial Times. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
- ^ "Radical Women: Jessica Dismorr and her Contemporaries". Studio International. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
- ^ Tabitha Barber (ed.), 'Now You See Us: Women Artists in Britain, 1520-1920', London: Tate Publishing, 2024, pp. 196-7.
- ^ "In Town Tonight: The Suffragette Movement". BBC Archive. Retrieved 11 September 2022.