Employment in Singapore, including the development and planning of Singapore workforce to achieve "globally competitive workforce in a sustainable manner," is managed under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Manpower. Other aspects of employment related functions as International Talent Promotion, Labour Relations, Management of Foreign Manpower, Labour Welfare and Services, are also covered by the ministry.[1]
Singapore, with total land area of 719.1 square kilometers, has total population of 5.535 million as of 2015. The population consists of 3.902 million residents (Singapore Citizens and Singapore Permanent Residents) and the remaining are non-residents.[2] Singapore has a population density of 7,697 people per square kilometer, making it the third most densely populated country in the world, after Monaco and Macau.[3]
Legislation
editBasic terms and conditions of employers-employees relations in Singapore are covered by law in the Employment Act. All employees, both Singaporeans and foreigners, who enter into a contract of service with employers are covered by the act.[4] There are some exceptions for managers and executives, who are not covered by Part IV, which provides for rest days, hours of work, annual leave and other conditions of service. For managers and executives, these conditions vary according to what is agreed in their individual employment contract.[5] Workforce Singapore, a statute board under the ministry, also launched the Adapt and Grow Initiative in 2016. The program helps match individuals to career opportunities, with 17,000 matchings in the first half of 2018.[6] ЗКфВ
Employment Data
editEmployment level in Singapore has been constantly increasing each year in the past decade, as reported in 2015.[7] Latest employment level as of 3rd quarter of 2015 was reported at 3.640 million, with gains led by the Services sector. In the first three quarters of 2015, total employment level grew by 16,200.[8]
In December 2020, the unemployment rate is 3.2 per cent during the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore.[9]
As of November 2022, unemployment rate is 1.9 per cent with Singapore resident unemployment rate at 2.8 and Singapore citizen unemployment rate at 2.9 percent.[10]
The long-term unemployment rate for Singapore residents was 0.8 per cent as of March in 2017, up from 0.7 per cent a year earlier.[11]
Underemployment
editIn a 2018 survey conducted jointly by the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy and Ong Teng Cheong Labour Leadership Institute, about 4.31% of the degree holders are drawing less than S$2,000 a month on a full-time job.[12][9]
Working condition
editAccording to a study conducted by recruitment consultancy Morgan McKinley, an average worker in Singapore clocked 2371 hours in 2016, the longest hours in the world.[13]
Amid the tight labour market and on-going initiatives that support work-life harmony, the proportion of establishments which provided at least one formal flexible work arrangement (FWA) improved steadily from 38% in 2011 to 47% in 2014.[8]
Foreign competition
editOn 22 January 2018, Managing Director of Monetary Authority of Singapore, Ravi Menon gave a speech at an IPS conference advocating Singapore to employ more foreign PMETs. "The trend of improving quality in our foreign workforce has already begun," he said. "The proportion of work permit holders has declined by about 10 percentage points over last 10 years, while the proportion of S-Pass and employment pass holders has increased by around 10 percentage points."[14]
Mandatory savings scheme
editSingaporean and Singapore PR (SPR) employees are required to set aside part of the earnings and contribute to Central Provident Fund.[15] The employers are also required to contribute proportion of the earnings paid to their Singaporean and SPR employees to the fund. The contribution rates to CPF vary depending on income range and age bracket.
References
edit- ^ "Ministry of Manpower". Archived from the original on 19 January 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
- ^ "Statistics Singapore Latest Data". Archived from the original on 29 November 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
- ^ "World Bank: Population Density". data.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
- ^ "Employment Act - Singapore". Asiapedia. Dezan Shira and Associates. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
- ^ "Employment Act: who it covers". Ministry of Manpower Singapore. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
- ^ "Employment in Singapore". Careers Future. Workforce Singapore. Retrieved 9 November 2018.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Summary Table: Employment". stats.mom.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
- ^ a b "LABOUR MARKET THIRD QUARTER 2015" (PDF). stats.mom.gov.sg. December 2005. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
- ^ a b See, Sharon (9 February 2021). "Underemployment a bigger issue than unemployment: economists". Business Times. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
- ^ cue (9 January 2023). "Singapore unemployment rates stay low in November: MOM | The Straits Times". www.straitstimes.com. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
- ^ "Fewer workers laid off in Q1, but no improvement to long-term unemployment rate: MOM figures". The Straits Times. 13 June 2017. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
- ^ "Commentary: Help our 'graduate poor' break out of the underemployment trap". CNA. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
- ^ "Are we working too much? Singaporeans at risk of developing health problems due to long hours". AsiaOne. 28 July 2017. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
- ^ Low, Vincent. "ST says more openings for PMETs but MAS MD wants more foreign PMETs to be hired". The Online Citizen. Archived from the original on 10 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- ^ "More employees in Singapore working beyond retirement age". HRM Asia. 9 February 2023. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
External links
edit- Employment Act (Chapter 91) Archived 3 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine