The Union of Forces for Change (French: Union des Forces du Changement) is an opposition political party in Togo. The President of the UFC was Gilchrist Olympio[1] and its Secretary-General was Jean-Pierre Fabre until 10 August 2010. Olympio is the son of the first President of Togo, Sylvanus Olympio, who was assassinated in a 1963 coup. On 10 August 2010, Jean-Pierre Fabre was elected as President of the party.
Union of Forces for Change Union des Forces du Changement | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | UFC |
| President | Jean-Pierre Fabre (since 2010) Gilchrist Olympio (1992–2010) |
| Founded | 1 February 1992 |
| Headquarters | 59 Rue Koudadzé, Quartier Lom-Nava, Lomé |
| Ideology | Social democracy |
| Political position | Centre-left |
| Colours | Yellow |
| National Assembly | 7 / 91 |
| Website | |
| www | |
History
editThe UFC was founded by Olympio as a federation of parties on 1 February 1992.[2] Olympio was barred from standing in the August 1993 presidential election on a technicality.[1] The UFC boycotted the February 1994 parliamentary election.[2] Olympio was able to run in the June 1998 presidential election, placing second with 34% of the vote, behind long-time President Gnassingbé Eyadéma, according to official results;[3] the UFC alleged fraud, however. The UFC boycotted the March 1999 parliamentary election,[4] and it also participated in an opposition boycott of the next parliamentary election, held on 27 October 2002.[4][5]
Emmanuel Bob-Akitani, the First Vice-president of the UFC, was the main opposition candidate in the June 2003 presidential election and the April 2005 presidential election, acting as a surrogate candidate for Olympio, who was banned from running because he had lived in exile for several years. He officially received 38.1% of the vote on the latter occasion, losing to Faure Gnassingbé, son of the deceased Eyadéma, amidst opposition claims of a rigged vote.
The UFC decided not to join the national unity government under Prime Minister Yawovi Agboyibo in September 2006, although many in the party were reportedly unhappy with Olympio's decision in this regard. The party's Second Vice-president, Amah Gnassingbé, accepted a post in the government[6] as Minister of State[7] and was suspended from the UFC as a result.[8]
The party participated in the October 2007 parliamentary election, the first time it participated in a parliamentary election since multiparty elections began to be held in the early 1990s.[9] The party won 27 out of 81 seats, behind the ruling Rally of the Togolese People (RPT), which won a majority.[10] The UFC alleged irregularities in vote counting [11] and, following the confirmation of the results by the Constitutional Court, UFC Secretary-General Jean-Pierre Fabré, described the results as "neither credible nor acceptable" and said that they did not represent the people's will.[12][13]
At the UFC's Second Ordinary Congress, held in Nyékonakpoé, Lomé on 18–19 July 2008,[14] Olympio was re-elected as National President of the UFC; he was also unanimously chosen as the party's candidate for the 2010 presidential election. Also at this congress, Jean-Pierre Fabré was re-elected as Secretary-General; Patrick Lawson was elected as First Vice-president, while Bob-Akitani was named Honorary President.[15]
Electoral history
editPresidential elections
edit| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | Gilchrist Olympio | 532,771 | 34.2% | Lost 
|
| 2003 | Emmanuel Bob-Akitani | 784,102 | 33.7% | Lost
|
| 2005 | 841,797 | 38.2% | Lost
| |
| 2010 | Jean-Pierre Fabre | 692,584 | 33.9% | Lost
|
National Assembly elections
edit| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | Gilchrist Olympio | Boycotted | 0 / 81
|
|
Extra-parliamentary | ||
| 1999 | 0 / 81
|
|
Extra-parliamentary | ||||
| 2002 | 0 / 81
|
|
Extra-parliamentary | ||||
| 2007 | 867,507 | 37.79% | 27 / 81
|
 27
|
2nd
|
Opposition | |
| 2013 | 145,359 | 7.7% | 3 / 67
|
 24
|
4th
|
Opposition | |
| 2018 | 7 / 91
|
4
|
2nd
|
Opposition | |||
References
edit- ^ a b Profile of Olympio at UFC website (in French)
- ^ a b "Historique du mouvement patriotique togolais", UFC website (in French)
- ^ "Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 40 of the Covenant - Addendum: Togo" (PDF). United Nations International covenant on civil and political rights, CCPR/C/TGO/2001/3. 5 July 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2012.
- ^ a b Political Parties of the World (6th edition, 2005), ed. Bogdan Szajkowski, page 592
- ^ "Communiqué de presse de la Coalition des Forces Démocratiques à la suite de la mascarade électorale du 27 octobre 2002", togo-confidentiel.com, October 28, 2002 (in French)
- ^ "Amah Gnassingbé exclu de l’UFC", Forum de la Semaine, number 191 (iciLome.com), September 21, 2006 (in French)
- ^ "Le Gouvernement togolais". Republicoftogo.com (in French). 10 January 2007. Archived from the original on 25 February 2007.
- ^ "Amah Gnassingbé n'est pas exclu de l'UFC selon G. Olympio". Xinhua via Jeuneafrique.com (in French). 15 February 2007. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007.
- ^ "Les candidats s'y collent". Republicoftogo.com (in French). 30 September 2007.
- ^ "Le RPT remporte les premières élections". Republicoftogo.com (in French). 30 October 2007.
- ^ Selah Hennessy, "Togo Opposition Disputes Vote Count", VOA News, October 17, 2007.
- ^ "Le dernier contestataire". Republicoftogo.com (in French). 31 October 2007.
- ^ "Togo: Opposition challenges election results released by Constitutional court"[permanent dead link], African Press Agency, October 31, 2007.
- ^ "2ème Congrès de l’Union des Forces de Changement", UFC website, 20 July 2008 (in French).
- ^ "L'UFC a désigné son candidat pour la présidentielle". Republicoftogo.com (in French). 20 July 2008.