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Union for Peru (Spanish: Unión por el Perú) is a Peruvian political party founded by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, an ex-UN Secretary General, in 1994 to run for the presidency of Peru in the 1995 general elections. Originally a social democratic party, the party became the main political home of the Peruvian ethnocacerist movement in the late-2010s after a group led by former Army Major Antauro Humala joined the party. Humala later formed the Patriotic Front in 2018 and contested the 2021 general elections.
Union for Peru Unión por el Perú | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | UPP |
| Leader | Antauro Humala |
| President | Aldo Estrada Choque |
| Secretary-General | José Vega Antonio |
| Founder | Javier Pérez de Cuéllar |
| Founded | 21 September 1994 |
| Succeeded by | ANTAURO |
| Headquarters | Lima, Peru |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Left-wing[5] to far-left[2][3] (Syncretic politics) Historical: Centre to centre-left |
| National affiliation | National Solidarity Alliance (2010-2011) |
| Colors | Indigo, Red, Orange |
| Congress | 0 / 130 |
| Governorships | 0 / 25 |
| Regional Councillors | 4 / 274 |
| Province Mayorships | 0 / 196 |
| District Mayorships | 0 / 1,874 |
| Website | |
| upp | |
History
editUnion for Peru was founded in 1994 by the former Secretary General of the United Nations, the diplomat Javier Pérez de Cuéllar together with Daniel Estrada Pérez and José Vega Antonio, to participate in the elections generals of 1995, against the-then dictator Alberto Fujimori, who was running for reelection.
At the elections held on 9 April 2000, the party nominated former Fujimorist first vice president Máximo San Román as its presidential candidate, but he performed poorly in the elections placing last with 0.3% of the popular vote but in the legislative elections, the party won 2.6% of the popular vote and only 3 out of 120 seats in the Congress of the Republic, a decrease of 14. During this parliamentary period, UPP made an alliance with the Popular Action bench in the legislature and both showed their opposition to the dictatorship of Alberto Fujimori.
Shortly after Alberto Fujimori won the 2000 elections amid accusations of electoral fraud, he decided to resign after the "Vladivideos" scandal and call general elections for 2001.
At the legislative elections held on 8 April 2001, the party won 4.1% of the popular vote and 6 out of 120 seats in the Congress of the Republic. However, they did not present a presidential candidate for that year's elections.
In the 2006 elections, Union for Peru aligned itself with the Peruvian Nationalist Party and endorsed Ollanta Humala, who faced Alan García in the presidential runoff election. In the congressional election, the alliance won with 21.2% of popular vote, and 45 out of 120 seats in the Congress. However, after the elections, the alliance split and the Nationalist sat on their own bench with Union for Peru sitting in their own bench too.
In the 2011 elections, the party joined forces with the National Solidarity Party to form the National Solidarity Alliance to support the presidential candidacy of former Lima Mayor Luis Castañeda Lossio. The alliance placed fifth at both the presidential and parliamentary election, attaining 9 out of 130 seats, with Vicente Zeballos and Martin Belaunde Moreya as the only two elected congressman from Union for Peru. The party would retain its alliance with the National Solidarity Party for the 2016 elections as well, jointly nominating Hernando Guerra García but the ticket withdrew due to its low support at national polls and fears of losing its status as a political party. In the 2020 snap parliamentary elections, the party won 6.8% of the vote and 13 seats out of 130 seats in the Congress after almost four years of absence in Congress. In the 2021 elections, the party nominated the party Secretary-General José Vega for the presidency, but, he was disqualified on 29 December 2020, because of incomplete information regarding income on the nominees registration form, but he was reinstated on 6 February 2021.[6] On the Election Day, Vega places 14th with 0.7% of the vote, while in the congressional election, the party lost all of its 13 seats and only won 2.1% of the vote and the party is expected to lose its party registration.[7][8][9]
The party's Secretary-General as of 2021 was José Vega Antonio.
Electoral history
editPresidential elections
edit| Year | Candidate | Party / Coalition | Votes | Percentage | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Javier Pérez de Cuéllar | .jpg)
|
Union for Peru | 1 624 566 | 2nd | |
| 2000 | Máximo San Román | 
|
Union for Peru | 36 543 | 9th | |
| 2006 | Ollanta Humala | .jpeg)
|
Union for Peru
UPP-PNP |
1st Round: 3 758 258 |
1st Round: | 1st Round: 1st |
| 2nd Round: 6 270 080 |
2nd Round: 2nd | |||||
| 2011 | Luis Castañeda | 
|
National Solidarity Alliance | 1 440 143 | 5th | |
| 2016 | Hernando Guerra García | National Solidarity-UPP Electoral Alliance | Ticket withdrawn | N/A | N/A | |
| 2021 | José Vega | 
|
Union for Peru | 99,321 | 14th | |
Elections to the Congress of the Republic
edit| Election | Votes | % | Number of seats |  /
|
Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 611 804 | 14.0% | 17 / 120
|
17
|
Minority |
| 2000 | 254 582 | 2.6% | 3 / 120
|
14
|
Minority |
| 2001 | 390 236 | 4.1% | 6 / 120
|
3
|
Minority |
| 2006 | 2 274 739 as part of PNP - UPP electoral alliance. 20 were from UPP. | 21.1% | 45 / 120
|
14
|
Minority |
| 2011 | 1 311 766 as part of National Solidarity Alliance. Only 2 from Union for Peru. | 10.2% | 9 / 130
|
18
|
Minority |
| 2016 | List withdrawn | – | N/A | 
|
N/A |
| 2020 | 1 001 716 | 6.8% | 13 / 130
|
13
|
Minority |
| 2021 | 266 349 | 2.07% | 0 / 130
|
13
|
Extra-parliamentary |
References
edit- ^ "¿Qué es el movimiento etnocacerista?". ArchivoRevista Ideele (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-05-24.
- ^ a b Cifuentes, Cristina (2020-11-15). "Antauro Humala: El líder antisistema de la política peruana". La Tercera. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
- ^ a b "Partido religioso da la sorpresa en Perú: ¿es una amenaza para las reivindicaciones de género?". CIPER Chile (in Spanish). 2020-02-19. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
- ^ Fouad Sabry (2024). Socialism: Charting a Path to Equity and Justice. One Billion Knowledgeable.
- ^ Amory Gethin; Clara Mart nez-Toledano; Thomas Piketty (18 June 2013). Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-24842-7.
... the AP, and since 2016, the PPK. Left- wing parties include the Union for Peru (Unión por Perú, UPP), the PNP, Peru Wins ...
- ^ PERÚ, NOTICIAS EL COMERCIO (2021-02-06). "Elecciones 2021: JNE revocó exclusión de plancha presidencial de José Vega y dispuso verificación de hojas de vida de UPP | nndc | POLITICA". El Comercio (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-05-07.
- ^ PERÚ, Empresa Peruana de Servicios Editoriales S. A. EDITORA (4 May 2021). "Elecciones 2021: un total de 16 partidos políticos perdería su inscripción". andina.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-05-23.
- ^ "Elecciones 2021: un total de 16 partidos políticos perderían su inscripción en el ROP". elperuano.pe (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-05-23.
- ^ PERU21, NOTICIAS (2021-05-05). "Elecciones Generales de Perú de 2021: Estos partidos perderían inscripción al no pasar valla del 5% tras comicios del 11 de abril nndc | POLITICA". Peru21 (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-05-23.
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