The United Golfers Association (UGA) was a group of African-American professional golfers who operated a separate series of professional golf tournaments for Blacks during the era of racial segregation in the United States. It was said to have started in 1925 when George Adams became a founding member[citation needed] and in 1926 by Robert Hawkins, a golfer from Massachusetts.[1] It was known affectionately as the Chitlin Circuit[2] and included many talented golfers such as Ted Rhodes, Bill Spiller, Pete Brown, Lee Elder, Willie Brown Jr., Zeke Hartsfield, Howard Wheeler, and Charlie Sifford.[2]
Women were allowed to participate from the group's inception, but only in 1939 did the first women's golfing organization seek affiliation when the Chicago Women's Golf Club, organized by Anna Robinson, applied to join. Also, the Wake-Robin Golf Club, whose first president was Helen Webb Harris, joined the UGA under her leadership.[3][4]
Jimmy Taylor added the Mid Winter Classic at Rogers Park, Tampa to the circuit in 1963.[5]
From 1934 through November 1961, the Professional Golfers Association of America maintained a "Caucasian-only" membership clause in its bylaws. The clause was removed by amending its constitution.[6][7]
Contemporary golf associations for African Americans include the African American Golf Association (AAGA), United States Black Golf Association, United Black Golfers Association (UBGA), Western States Golf Association, Bogey Boyz, Black Jewels Ladies Golf Association and the African American Golf Foundation, Inc.
References
edit- ^ "Archived copy". www.phillyburbs.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b [Remembering the old UGA tour - all-Black United Golf Assn] Black Enterprise Golf and Tennis Challenge: 4th Annual Tournament Journal Black Enterprise, Sept, 1997
- ^ "African American Golfer's Digest - News, Information & Activities in the 'Soulful' World of Golf". Africanamericangolfersdigest.com. Retrieved 2015-03-20.
- ^ Marvin P. Dawkins; Graham Charles Kinloch (1 January 2000). African American Golfers During the Jim Crow Era. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 32–. ISBN 978-0-275-95940-1.
- ^ Rodney Page Rogers Park was golf haven for African-Americans February 23, 2011 Tampa Bay Times
- ^ "Race, religion, nationality no longer barrier to PGA". Milwaukee Journal. Associated Press. November 10, 1961. p. 18, part 2.
- ^ "PGA group abolishes 'Caucasian'". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Florida. Associated Press. November 10, 1961. p. 22.
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