1790 British general election

The 1790 British general election returned members to serve in the House of Commons of the 17th Parliament of Great Britain to be summoned after the merger of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland in 1707.

1790 British general election

16 June – 28 July 1790 (1790-06-16 – 1790-07-28)
All 558 seats in the House of Commons 280 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party   Leader William Pitt Charles James Fox Party Pittite Foxite Leader's seat Cambridge University Westminster Seats won 340 183 Seat change 60 28
Prime Minister before election William Pitt Pittite Prime Minister after election William Pitt Pittite

Political situation

The Prime Minister since 1783, William Pitt the Younger, led a coalition of Whig and Tory politicians.

The principal opposition to Pitt was a faction of Whigs led by Charles James Fox and the Duke of Portland.

Dates of election

The general election was held between 16 June 1790 and 28 July 1790. At this period elections did not take place at the same time in every constituency. The returning officer in each county or parliamentary borough fixed the precise date (see hustings for details of the conduct of the elections).

This was the first general election after the law had been changed in 1785 to limit the maximum duration of polling in county elections to fifteen days. Under the old law, the poll could remain open longer. For example, the election for Sussex in 1774 had polls open for 24 days (ignoring Sundays when polling did not take place). It was hoped that the change would reduce the enormous expense of most contested county elections.

Summary of the constituencies

See 1796 British general election, for details. The constituencies used were the same throughout the existence of the Parliament of Great Britain.

Results

Seats summary

Parliamentary seats Tory/Pittite   65.0% Whig/Foxite   35.0%

See also

• List of parliaments of Great Britain
• List of MPs elected in the 1790 British general election

References

• British Electoral Facts 1832–1999, compiled and edited by Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher (Ashgate Publishing Ltd 2000). (For dates of elections before 1832, see the footnote to Table 5.02).