United States Homeland Security Council
The Homeland Security Council (HSC) is an entity within the Executive Office of the President of the United States tasked with advising the president on matters relevant to Homeland Security. The current homeland security advisor is Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall.
 | |
| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 2002 |
| Agency executives | |
| Parent agency | Executive Office of the President of the United States |
History
edit
The Homeland Security Council (HSC) is an entity within the Executive Office of the President and was created by Executive Order 13228 on October 29, 2001, and subsequently expanded on by Homeland Security Presidential Directive 1.[1] It served as the successor to the Office of Homeland Security, established on September 20, 2001, immediately after the September 11 attacks. Congress subsequently codified the HSC in the Homeland Security Act of 2002, charging it with advising the president on homeland security matters.[2]
On February 23, 2009, the Obama administration released Presidential Study Directive 1. This memorandum ordered a 60-day inter-agency review of the White House homeland security and counter-terrorism structure. The review recommended that the president merge the staff supporting the Homeland Security Council with the staff supporting the National Security Council.[3][4] On May 26, 2009, Barack Obama signed the recommendation to merge the Homeland Security Council and National Security Council staffs into one National Security Staff. On February 10, 2014, President Obama renamed the National Security Staff the National Security Council (NSC) staff.[5]
Policymakers and observers have debated whether the HSC staff should remain an independent entity within the White House or merged with the NSC staff.[6] The HSC and NSC continue to exist by statute as independent councils of leadership advising the president.[7]
Mission
editThe Homeland Security Council is responsible for assessing the objectives, commitments, and risks of the United States, and for making recommendations to the president with respect to homeland security policy.
Structure
editThe HSC was similar to its national security counterpart, the National Security Council (NSC), which was established in the National Security Act of 1947. The HSC also maintained structural similarities with the NSC; the HSC consisted of full-time staff organized by subject areas relating to homeland security missions, with the Council itself being composed of Cabinet members and senior White House officials whose departments have principal interests in homeland security policy-making. During the Bush administration, the council was chaired by the Homeland Security Advisor. The Joint Chiefs of Staff consist of the primary military advisers to the Homeland Security Council, as well as the National Security Council.[8] Due to the recommendations implemented by Obama, the Homeland Security Council and the National Security Council now have combined staff, the National Security Staff (NSS).
While similar in name, the Department of Homeland Security is a distinct federal executive department; unlike DHS, the HSC functioned as part of the Executive Office of the President, drawing staff from across federal agencies and under the direct control of the president.
Membership
edit| Structure of the United States Homeland Security Council (current) | |
|---|---|
| Chair | President of the United States |
| Regular attendees | Vice President Secretary of State Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of Defense Attorney General Secretary of Energy Secretary of Homeland Security National Security Advisor |
| Statutory military advisor | Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff |
| Statutory intelligence advisor | Director of National Intelligence |
| Additional attendees | White House Chief of Staff White House Counsel Director of the Office of Management and Budget |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Homeland Security Presidential Directive 1". Homeland Security Council. 29 October 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
- ^ P.L. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135 (2002).
- ^ Nichols, Hans (2009-03-05). "Obama Risks Cabinet Clashes to Expand National Security Council". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
- ^ DeYoung, Karen (February 27, 2009). "National Security Structure Is Set". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
- ^ NSC Staff, the Name Is Back! So Long, NSS The White House. February 10, 2014.
- ^ The Homeland Security Council: Considerations for the Future Frank Cilluffo and Daniel Kaniewski, Homeland Security Policy Institute. April 2009.
- ^ Cooper, Helene (May 27, 2009). "In Security Shuffle, White House Merges Staffs (Published 2009)" – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ [1] 10 USC 151. Joint Chiefs of Staff: composition; functions