Wikipedia

Maryland's 4th congressional district

(Redirected from United States House of Representatives, Maryland District 4)

Maryland's 4th congressional district wraps around the eastern edge of Washington, D.C., taking in most of Prince George's County and a small portion of Montgomery County. It is home to several racially diverse middle-class suburbs, including College Park, Fort Washington, Greenbelt, and Laurel. With a median household income of $86,941, it is the wealthiest black-majority district in the United States.[1]

Maryland's 4th congressional district
Map
Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
Representative
Area318 sq mi (820 km2)
Distribution
  • 97.9% urban
  • 2.1% rural
Population (2023)723,299
Median household
income		$84,585[1]
Ethnicity
Occupation
Cook PVID+40[2]

Like much of the Washington metropolitan area, the 4th district is substantially influenced by the footprint of the nearby federal government. More than 22% of working adults in this district are employed in the public sector. The Washington Metro provides easy access into the nation's capital, where many employees make daily commutes. Various government entities also sit within the 4th district, most notably the United States Census Bureau, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. The University of Maryland, College Park—the state's flagship public institution of higher education—is another major presence.

Throughout much of the 20th century, the area within this district was predominately white. But as a thriving black middle class emerged in the region and laws eliminating racial discrimination in housing were passed, many African Americans opted to leave Washington for Prince George's County in search of a better quality of life. By the early 1990s, the county had become majority black, and today white voters comprise just 11% of the 4th district. Recently, the district has experienced large amounts of immigration from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras in Central America, leading to the district having the largest Latino population in Maryland and one of the largest Central American populations out of any district.[3] These racial transformations have turned the district into one of the nation's most Democratic seats, with a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+40.[2] In 2022, Democrat Glenn Ivey was elected to represent it with 90.1% of the vote.

Recent statewide election results

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Election results from presidential races
Year Office Results
2000 President Gore 77% - 21%
2004 President Kerry 78% - 21%
2008 President Obama 85% - 14%
2012 President Obama 78% - 20%
2016 President Clinton 77% - 19%
2020 President Biden 79% - 19%

Historical boundaries

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Maryland's fourth congressional district was one of the about 50 original congressional districts. When it was organized in 1788, it covered Baltimore, Baltimore County, and Harford County. According to the 1790 census, the fourth district had a population of 53,913, nearly 20% of whom were slaves.[4]

In 1792, the fourth district was moved to western Maryland, with its eastern boundary being a north to south line running about the midpoint of Frederick County, Maryland. The new district had a population of 36,026, with less than 10% of the population being slaves.[5] The 1800 census population was 38,015, and the boundaries remained unchanged in 1802.[6]

Composition

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# County Seat Population
31 Montgomery Rockville 1,058,474
33 Prince George's Upper Marlboro 947,430

Cities of 10,000 or more people

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2,500 – 10,000 people

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Recent elections

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1970s

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Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 1970[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Paul Sarbanes 54,936 70.05
Republican David Fentress 23,491 29.95
Total votes 78,427 100.00
Democratic hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 1972[8]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Marjorie Holt 87,534 59.38
Democratic Werner Fornos 59,877 40.62
Total votes 147,411 100.00
Republican gain from Democratic
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 1974[9]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Marjorie Holt (inc.) 61,208 58.15
Democratic Fred L. Wineland 44,059 41.85
Total votes 105,267 100.00
Republican hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 1976[10]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Marjorie Holt (inc.) 95,158 57.67
Democratic Werner Fornos 69,855 42.33
Total votes 165,013 100.00
Republican hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 1978[11]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Marjorie Holt (inc.) 71,374 62.04
Democratic Sue F. Ward 43,663 37.96
Total votes 115,037 100.00
Republican hold

1980s

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Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 1980[12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Marjorie Holt (inc.) 120,985 71.86
Democratic James J. Riley 47,375 28.14
Total votes 168,360 100.00
Republican hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 1982[13]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Marjorie Holt (inc.) 75,617 61.20
Democratic Patricia O'Brien Aiken 47,947 38.80
Total votes 123,564 100.00
Republican hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 1984[14]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Marjorie Holt (inc.) 114,430 66.24
Democratic Howard M. Greenbaum 58,312 33.76
Write-ins 1 <0.01
Total votes 172,743 100.00
Republican hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 1986[15]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic C. Thomas McMillen 65,071 50.16
Republican Robert R. Neall 64,643 49.84
Total votes 129,714 100.00
Democratic gain from Republican
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 1988[16]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic C. Thomas McMillen (inc.) 128,624 68.30
Republican Bradlyn McClanahan 59,688 31.70
Total votes 188,312 100.00
Democratic hold

1990s

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Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 1990[17]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic C. Thomas McMillen (inc.) 85,601 58.85
Republican Bob Duckworth 59,846 41.15
Total votes 145,447 100.00
Democratic hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 1992[18]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Al Wynn 136,902 75.19
Republican Michele Dyson 45,166 24.81
Total votes 182,068 100.00
Democratic hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 1994[19]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Al Wynn (inc.) 93,148 75.03
Republican Michele Dyson 30,999 24.97
Total votes 124,147 100.00
Democratic hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 1996[20]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Al Wynn (inc.) 142,094 85.19
Republican John B. Kimble 24,700 14.81
Total votes 166,794 100.00
Democratic hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 1998[21]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Al Wynn (inc.) 129,139 85.72
Republican John B. Kimble 21,518 14.28
Total votes 150,657 100.00
Democratic hold

2000s

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Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 2000[22]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Al Wynn (inc.) 172,624 87.20
Republican John B. Kimble 24,973 12.61
Write-ins 372 0.19
Total votes 197,969 100.00
Democratic hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 2002[23]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Al Wynn (inc.) 131,644 78.96
Republican John B. Kimble 34,890 20.93
Write-ins 195 0.12
Total votes 166,729 100.00
Democratic hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 2004[24]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Al Wynn (inc.) 196,809 75.23
Republican John McKinnis 52,907 20.22
Green Theresa Mitchell Dudley 11,885 4.54
Write-ins 6 <0.01
Total votes 261,607 100.00
Democratic hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 2006[25]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Al Wynn (inc.) 141,897 80.67
Republican Michael Moshe Starkman 32,792 18.64
Write-ins 1,214 0.69
Total votes 175,903 100.00
Democratic hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district special election, 2008[26]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Donna Edwards 16,481 80.54
Republican Peter James 3,638 17.78
Libertarian Thibeaux Lincecum 216 1.06
Write-ins 127 0.62
Total votes 20,462 100.00
Democratic hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 2008[27]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Donna Edwards (inc.) 258,704 85.83
Republican Peter James 38,739 12.85
Libertarian Thibeaux Lincecum 3,384 1.12
Write-ins 604 0.20
Total votes 301,431 100.00
Democratic hold

2010s

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Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 2010[28]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Donna Edwards (inc.) 160,228 83.44
Republican Robert Broadus 31,467 16.39
Write-ins 325 0.17
Total votes 192,020 100.00
Democratic hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 2012[29]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Donna Edwards (inc.) 240,385 77.17
Republican Faith M. Loudon 64,560 20.72
Libertarian Scott Soffen 6,204 1.99
N/A Write-ins 363 0.12
Total votes 311,512 100
Democratic hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district election, 2014[30]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Donna Edwards (inc.) 134,628 70.18
Republican Nancy Hoyt 54,217 28.26
Libertarian Arvin Vohra 2,795 1.46
N/A Write-ins 197 0.10
Total votes 191,837 100
Democratic hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district, 2016[31]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Anthony Brown 237,501 74.1
Republican George McDermott 68,670 21.4
Green Kamesha T. Clark 8,204 2.6
Libertarian Benjamin Lee Krause 5,744 1.8
n/a Write-ins 531 0.2
Total votes 320,650 100.0
Democratic hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district, 2018
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Anthony Brown (incumbent) 209,642 78.1
Republican George McDermott 53,327 19.9
Libertarian Dave Bishop 5,326 2.0
n/a Write-ins 288 0.1
Total votes 268,583 100.0
Democratic hold

2020s

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Maryland's 4th congressional district, 2020[32]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Anthony Brown (incumbent) 282,119 79.6
Republican George McDermott 71,671 20.2
Write-in 739 0.2
Total votes 354,529 100.0
Democratic hold
Maryland's 4th congressional district, 2022
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Glenn Ivey 144,168 90.1
Republican Jeff Warner 15,441 9.6
Write-in 400 0.3
Total votes 160,009 100.0
Democratic hold

List of members representing the district

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1789–1835: one seat

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Name Party Years Cong
ress 		Electoral history
District created March 4, 1789
 
William Smith
(Baltimore) 		Anti-Administration March 4, 1789 –
March 3, 1791 		1st Elected in 1789.
Retired.
 
Samuel Sterett
(Baltimore) 		Anti-Administration March 4, 1791 –
March 3, 1793 		2nd Elected in 1790.
[data missing]
Thomas Sprigg
(Washington County) 		Anti-Administration March 4, 1793 –
March 3, 1795 		3rd
4th 		Elected in 1792.
Re-elected in 1794.
Retired.
Democratic-Republican March 4, 1795 –
March 3, 1797
George Baer Jr.
(Frederick) 		Federalist March 4, 1797 –
March 3, 1801 		5th
6th 		Elected in 1796.
Re-elected in 1798.
Retired.
Daniel Hiester
(Hagerstown) 		Democratic-Republican March 4, 1801 –
March 7, 1804 		7th
8th 		Elected in 1801.
Re-elected in 1803.
Died.
Vacant March 7, 1804 –
November 6, 1804 		8th
Roger Nelson
(Frederick) 		Democratic-Republican November 6, 1804 –
May 14, 1810 		8th
9th
10th
11th 		Elected October 1, 1804 to finish Hiester's term.
Elected the same day to the next term.
Re-elected in 1806.
Re-elected in 1808.
Resigned to become associate justice of Maryland's 5th judicial circuit.
Vacant May 14, 1810 –
October 15, 1810 		11th
Samuel Ringgold
(Hagerstown) 		Democratic-Republican October 15, 1810 –
March 3, 1815 		11th
12th
13th 		Elected October 1, 1810 to finish Nelson's term.
Also elected the same day to the next term.
Re-elected in 1812.
Lost re-election.
George Baer Jr.
(Frederick) 		Federalist March 4, 1815 –
March 3, 1817 		14th Elected in 1814.
Retired.
Samuel Ringgold
(Hagerstown) 		Democratic-Republican March 4, 1817 –
March 3, 1821 		15th
16th 		Elected in 1816.
Retired.
 
John Nelson
(Frederick) 		Democratic-Republican March 4, 1821 –
March 3, 1823 		17th Elected in 1820
Retired.
 
John Lee
(Petersville) 		Federalist[a] March 4, 1823 –
March 3, 1825 		18th Elected in 1822
Lost re-election.
Thomas C. Worthington
(Frederick) 		Anti-Jacksonian March 4, 1825 –
March 3, 1827 		19th Elected in 1824
Retired.
 
Michael Sprigg
(Frostburg) 		Jacksonian March 4, 1827 –
March 3, 1831 		20th
21st 		Elected in 1826
Re-elected in 1829
Lost re-election.
 
Francis Thomas
(Frederick) 		Jacksonian March 4, 1831 –
March 3, 1833 		22nd Elected in 1831.
Redistricted to the 7th district.
James P. Heath
(Baltimore) 		Jacksonian March 4, 1833 –
March 3, 1835 		23rd Elected in 1833.
[data missing]

1835–1843: two seats

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From 1835 to 1843, two seats were apportioned, elected at-large on a general ticket.

Years Congress Seat A Seat B
Name Party Electoral history Name Party Electoral history
March 4, 1835 –
March 3, 1837 		24th  
Benjamin Chew Howard
(Baltimore) 		Jacksonian Elected in 1835.
Re-elected in 1837.
  
Isaac McKim
(Baltimore) 		Jacksonian Redistricted from the 5th district and re-elected in 1835.
Died.
March 3, 1837 –
April 1, 1838 		25th Democratic Democratic
April 1, 1838 –
April 25, 1838 		Vacant
April 25, 1838 –
March 3, 1839 		 
John P. Kennedy
(Baltimore) 		Whig Elected to finish McKim's term.
[data missing]
March 4, 1839 –
March 3, 1841 		26th  
James Carroll
(Baltimore) 		Democratic Elected in 1839.
[data missing] 		 
Solomon Hillen
(Baltimore) 		Democratic Elected in 1839.
[data missing]
March 4, 1841 –
March 3, 1843 		27th  
Alexander Randall
(Annapolis) 		Whig Elected in 1841.
[data missing] 		 
John P. Kennedy
(Baltimore) 		Whig Elected in 1841.
[data missing]

1843–present: one seat

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Name Party Years Congress Electoral history Location
 
John P. Kennedy
(Baltimore) 		Whig March 4, 1843 –
March 3, 1845 		28th Elected late in 1844.
[data missing]
 
William Fell Giles
(Baltimore) 		Democratic March 4, 1845 –
March 3, 1847 		29th Elected in 1845.
[data missing]
 
Robert Milligan McLane
(Baltimore) 		Democratic March 4, 1847 –
March 3, 1851 		30th
31st 		Elected in 1847.
Re-elected in 1849.
[data missing]
Thomas Yates Walsh
(Baltimore) 		Whig March 4, 1851 –
March 3, 1853 		32nd Elected in 1851.
[data missing]
 
William Thomas Hamilton
(Hagerstown) 		Democratic March 4, 1853 –
March 3, 1855 		33rd Redistricted from the 2nd district and re-elected in 1853.
[data missing]
 
Henry Winter Davis
(Baltimore) 		American March 4, 1855 –
March 3, 1861 		34th
35th
36th 		Elected in 1855.
Re-elected in 1857.
Re-elected in 1859.
[data missing]
Henry May
(Baltimore) 		Union March 4, 1861 –
March 3, 1863 		37th Elected in 1861.
[data missing]
 
Francis Thomas
(Frankville) 		Unconditional Union March 4, 1863 –
March 3, 1867 		38th
39th
40th 		Redistricted from the 5th district and re-elected in 1863.
Re-elected in 1864.
Re-elected in 1866.
[data missing]
Republican March 4, 1867 –
March 3, 1869
 
Patrick Hamill
(Oakland) 		Democratic March 4, 1869 –
March 3, 1871 		41st Elected in 1868.
[data missing]
John Ritchie
(Frederick) 		Democratic March 4, 1871 –
March 3, 1873 		42nd Elected in 1870.
[data missing]
 
Thomas Swann
(Baltimore) 		Democratic March 4, 1873 –
March 3, 1879 		43rd
44th
45th 		Redistricted from the 3rd district and re-elected in 1872.
Re-elected in 1874.
Re-elected in 1876.
[data missing]
 
Robert Milligan McLane
(Baltimore) 		Democratic March 4, 1879 –
March 3, 1883 		46th
47th 		Elected in 1878.
Re-elected in 1880.
[data missing]
John Van Lear Findlay
(Baltimore) 		Democratic March 4, 1883 –
March 3, 1887 		48th
49th 		Elected in 1882.
Re-elected in 1884.
[data missing]
 
Isidor Rayner
(Baltimore) 		Democratic March 4, 1887 –
March 3, 1889 		50th Elected in 1886.
[data missing]
Henry Stockbridge Jr.
(Baltimore) 		Republican March 4, 1889 –
March 3, 1891 		51st Elected in 1888.
[data missing]
 
Isidor Rayner
(Baltimore) 		Democratic March 4, 1891 –
March 3, 1895 		52nd
53rd 		Elected in 1890.
Re-elected in 1892.
[data missing]
 
John Kissig Cowen
(Baltimore) 		Democratic March 4, 1895 –
March 3, 1897 		54th Elected in 1894.
[data missing]
 
William Watson McIntire
(Baltimore) 		Republican March 4, 1897 –
March 3, 1899 		55th Elected in 1896.
[data missing]
 
James William Denny
(Baltimore) 		Democratic March 4, 1899 –
March 3, 1901 		56th Elected in 1898.
[data missing]
 
Charles Reginald Schirm
(Baltimore) 		Republican March 4, 1901 –
March 3, 1903 		57th Elected in 1900.
[data missing]
 
James William Denny
(Baltimore) 		Democratic March 4, 1903 –
March 3, 1905 		58th Elected in 1902.
[data missing]
 
John Gill Jr.
(Baltimore) 		Democratic March 4, 1905 –
March 3, 1911 		59th
60th
61st 		Elected in 1904.
Re-elected in 1906.
Re-elected in 1908.
[data missing]
 
John Charles Linthicum
(Baltimore) 		Democratic March 4, 1911 –
October 5, 1932 		62nd
63rd
64th
65th
66th
67th
68th
69th
70th
71st
72nd 		Elected in 1910.
Re-elected in 1912.
Re-elected in 1914.
Re-elected in 1916.
Re-elected in 1918.
Re-elected in 1920.
Re-elected in 1922.
Re-elected in 1924.
Re-elected in 1926.
Re-elected in 1928.
Re-elected in 1930.
Died.
Vacant October 5, 1932 –
November 8, 1932 		72nd
 
Ambrose Jerome Kennedy
(Baltimore) 		Democratic November 8, 1932 –
January 3, 1941 		72nd
73rd
74th
75th
76th 		Elected to finish Linthicum's term.
Re-elected in 1932.
Re-elected in 1934.
Re-elected in 1936.
Re-elected in 1938.
[data missing]
John Ambrose Meyer
(Baltimore) 		Democratic January 3, 1941 –
January 3, 1943 		77th Elected in 1940.
[data missing]
Daniel Ellison
(Baltimore) 		Republican January 3, 1943 –
January 3, 1945 		78th Elected in 1942.
[data missing]
 
George Hyde Fallon
(Baltimore) 		Democratic January 3, 1945 –
January 3, 1971 		79th
80th
81st
82nd
83rd
84th
85th
86th
87th
88th
89th
90th
91st 		Elected in 1944.
Re-elected in 1946.
Re-elected in 1948.
Re-elected in 1950.
Re-elected in 1952.
Re-elected in 1954.
Re-elected in 1956.
Re-elected in 1958.
Re-elected in 1960.
Re-elected in 1962.
Re-elected in 1964.
Re-elected in 1966.
Re-elected in 1968.
[data missing]
 
Paul Sarbanes
(Baltimore) 		Democratic January 3, 1971 –
January 3, 1973 		92nd Elected in 1970.
Redistricted to the 3rd district.
 
Marjorie Holt
(Severna Park) 		Republican January 3, 1973 –
January 3, 1987 		93rd
94th
95th
96th
97th
98th
99th 		Elected in 1972.
Re-elected in 1974.
Re-elected in 1976.
Re-elected in 1978.
Re-elected in 1980.
Re-elected in 1982.
Re-elected in 1984.
[data missing]
 
Tom McMillen
(Crofton) 		Democratic January 3, 1987 –
January 3, 1993 		100th
101st
102nd 		Elected in 1986.
Re-elected in 1988.
Re-elected in 1990.
[data missing]
 
Albert Wynn
(Mitchellville) 		Democratic January 3, 1993 –
May 31, 2008 		103rd
104th
105th
106th
107th
108th
109th
110th 		Elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994.
Re-elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Re-elected in 2002.
Re-elected in 2004.
Lost renomination and resigned. 		1993–2003
[data missing]
2003–2013
 
Vacant May 31, 2008 –
June 17, 2008 		110th
 
Donna Edwards
(Oxon Hill) 		Democratic June 17, 2008 –
January 3, 2017 		110th
111th
112th
113th
114th 		Elected to finish Wynn's term.
Re-elected in 2008.
Re-elected in 2010.
Re-elected in 2012.
Re-elected in 2014.
Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
2013–2023
 
 
Anthony Brown
(Bowie) 		Democratic January 3, 2017 –
January 3, 2023 		115th
116th
117th 		Elected in 2016.
Re-elected in 2018.
Re-elected in 2020.
Retired to successfully run for Attorney General of Maryland.
 
Glenn Ivey
(Cheverly) 		Democratic January 3, 2023 –
present 		118th Elected in 2022. 2023–present
 


See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Supported the Jackson faction in the 1824 United States presidential election

References

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  1. ^ a b "My Congressional District". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
  2. ^ a b "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". The Cook Political Report. July 12, 2022. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
  3. ^ "The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas". statisticalatlas.com. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  4. ^ Parsons, Stanley B., William W. Beach and Dan Hermann. United States Congressional Districts, 1788-1841 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1978) p. 8-9
  5. ^ Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 42-43
  6. ^ Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 93-94
  7. ^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1970" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  8. ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7, 1972" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  9. ^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1974" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  10. ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 2, 1976" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  11. ^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 1978" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  12. ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 4, 1980" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  13. ^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 1982" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  14. ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 6, 1984" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  15. ^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1986" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  16. ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1988" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  17. ^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1990" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  18. ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 3, 1992" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  19. ^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1994" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  20. ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 5, 1996" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  21. ^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  22. ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7, 2000" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  23. ^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  24. ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 2, 2004" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  25. ^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  26. ^ Elections, Maryland State Board of. "2008 Special 4th Congressional General Election Official Results". www.elections.state.md.us.
  27. ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 4, 2008" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  28. ^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  29. ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 6, 2012" (PDF). Clerk of the House of Representatives.
  30. ^ "Official 2014 Gubernatorial General Election results for Representative in Congress". Maryland State Board of Elections. December 2, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
  31. ^ "Official 2016 Presidential General Election results for Representative in Congress". Maryland Secretary of State. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  32. ^ "Official 2020 Presidential General Election results for Representative in Congress". Maryland State Board of Elections. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
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