The Urenco Group is a British-German-Dutch nuclear fuel consortium operating several uranium enrichment plants in Germany, the Netherlands, United States, and United Kingdom.[1] It supplies nuclear power stations in about 15 countries, and states that it had a 29% share of the global market for enrichment services in 2011.[2][3] Urenco uses centrifuge enrichment technology.[4]
 | |
| Company type | Limited company |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1970 |
| Headquarters | Stoke Poges, England |
| Products | Nuclear fuel |
| Services | Uranium enrichment |
| Revenue | 1,958,000,000 Euro (2018)  |
| 1,200,000,000 Euro (2018) | |
| 511,000,000 Euro (2018) | |
| Owner |
|
| Website | www |
Urenco, headquartered in Stoke Poges, England, is owned one third by the UK government, one third by the Dutch government, and the final third equally by two major German utilities, E.ON and RWE.[5]
Group structure
editOwnership
editUrenco is owned in three equal parts by Ultra-Centrifuge Nederland NV (owned by the Government of the Netherlands), Uranit GmbH (owned equally by German energy companies E.ON and RWE) [6] and Enrichment Holdings Ltd (owned by the Government of the United Kingdom and managed by UK Government Investments).[7] The company was set up in 1971, pursuant to the Treaty of Almelo (named after the community in the Netherlands where the company originated), which restricts the sale of ownership stakes.[8][9]
Subsidiaries
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Urenco Deutschland, Urenco UK, and Urenco Nederland are 100% subsidiaries of Urenco Enrichment Company. They operate enrichment plants at Gronau, Westphalia, Germany, at Capenhurst, England, and at Almelo, Netherlands.[4]
In the United States, where Urenco is represented by its marketing subsidiary Urenco, Inc., the Urenco USA facility became operational in spring 2010. Called the National Enrichment Facility, it is located 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Eunice, New Mexico, and is operated by Urenco's subsidiary Louisiana Energy Services (LES). Urenco also owns a 50% interest in Enrichment Technology Company (ETC), a company jointly owned with Areva. ETC provides enrichment-plant design services and gas-centrifuge technology for enrichment plants through its subsidiaries in the UK (Capenhurst), Germany (Gronau and Jülich), the Netherlands (Almelo), France (Tricastin) and the U.S. (Eunice, New Mexico).[10]
Decommissioning
editUrenco Netherlands BV has dismantled enrichment plant SP3, after the decommissioning of SP1 and SP2 in the 1980s and 1990s. Information about decommissioning cost calculations for Urenco facilities is not accessible.[11][12]
Controversies
editAbdul Qadeer Khan
editIn the 1970s, Abdul Qadeer Khan, who worked for a subcontractor of Urenco in Almelo, brought the drawings of the centrifuges operated by Urenco to Pakistan by skipping the Urenco administration and the Dutch government. Those blueprints were stolen from the Urenco administration. In early 1974, Khan joined the Project-706 uranium enrichment programme, launched by Munir Ahmad Khan under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Pakistani Prime Minister at that time. Later, he took over the project, and established a facility that produced highly enriched uranium (HEU). Within a short span of time he established a highly advanced uranium enrichment facility near Islamabad.[13]
Namibia
editIn May 1985, the United Nations Council for Namibia (UNCN) decided to take legal action against Urenco for breaching UNCN Decree No 1, which prohibited any exploitation of Namibia's natural resources under apartheid South Africa, because Urenco had been importing uranium ore from the Rössing mine in Namibia. The case was expected to be ready by the end of 1985 but was delayed because Urenco argued that, despite having enriched uranium of Namibian origin since 1980, it was impossible to tell where specific consignments came from. When the case finally reached court in July 1986, the Dutch government took Urenco's line, claiming not to have known where the uranium had been mined.[14]
Uranium tails contracts with Russia
editAccording to Greenpeace, Urenco has a contract with Russia for the disposal of radioactive waste. In reality, these contracts do not relate to the disposal of waste, but to the sale of depleted uranium tails, which are re-enriched to natural uranium equivalent.[15][16] As the enricher, Russia would be the owner of any radioactive waste that results from this process. In March 2009, there were protests about the largest-ever load of depleted uranium hexafluoride (DUF6) being transported from Germany to the Siberian town Seversk.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ Urenco UK
- ^ "Global Operations". Urenco. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
- ^ "Full Year 2011 Audited Financial Results". Urenco. Archived from the original on 26 August 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
- ^ a b Geoffrey Rothwell (2009). "Market Power in Uranium Enrichment" (PDF). Science & Global Security. 17 (2–3): 132–154. Bibcode:2009S&GS...17..132R. doi:10.1080/08929880903423586. S2CID 54768819. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
- ^ "Nuclear sale set to net billions for UK". The Telegraph. 15 July 2012.
- ^ "ABC van kernenergie: Ultra-Centrifuge Nederland NV". Archived from the original on 4 March 2008.
- ^ "Advanced fuels announcement". Urenco. 8 May 2024.
- ^ "History". Urenco. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
- ^ "Agreement between the Governments of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany and the French Republic regarding Collaboration in Centrifuge Technology" (PDF). The Stationery Office. 12 July 2005. Cm 7046. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
- ^ "Company Structure". urenco.com.
- ^ "EU Decommission Funds" (PDF). wupperinst.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
- ^ Linklist
- ^ The nuclear Walmart: Transcript - BBC Panorama, 15 November 2006
- ^ "Council for Namibia sues Netherlands over Namibia's natural resources". UN Chronicle. 1987. Retrieved 20 March 2010.
- ^ "Rosatom says uranium tail contracts will not be renewed, citing economic infeasibility". bellona.org.
- ^ "World Nuclear Association: Uranium enrichment - section "Enrichment of depleted uranium tails"". world-nuclear.org.
