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Urban wilderness refers to informal green spaces within urban areas that distant enough from urbanized areas so that human activities cannot be registered.[1] Urban wilderness areas within cities have been shown to beneficially impact the public's perception of wilderness and nature, making this an important element to future city planning[2]
Overview
editKey traits of urban wilderness that differentiate it from other urban green spaces:
- Involves green spaces that are far enough removed from the urban areas, so human actions cannot be noticed.[3]
- Supports biodiversity - Urban wilderness efforts aim to enhance/improve a regions' local biodiversity through careful management plans.[1]
- A high degree of self-regulation - vegetation can survive with minimal interference or management by humans.[3]
Various urban wilderness areas have been established throughout the world. Examples include the Knoxville Urban Wilderness in Knoxville, TN,[1] Purgatory Creek Natural Area in San Marcos, TX,[3] the Danube-Auen National Park in Vienna and Lower Austria,[2] the Turkey Mountain Urban Wilderness Area in Tulsa, and the Milwaukee River Greenway in Milwaukee, WI.[4]
History
editThe nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw the urbanization of cities. Jacob Riis and other reformers fought for parks in urban areas.[5]
While many societies had traditions of intense urban plantings, such as the rooftops of pre-conquistador Mexico City, these traditions did not reemerge on a larger scale in the industrialized world until the creation of naturalistic urban parks, such as the ones by Calvert Vaux[6] and Frederick Law Olmsted.[7]
More recently, groups such as squatters and Reclaim The Streets have performed guerrilla plantings, worked in and on abandoned buildings, and torn holes in highway asphalt to fill with soil and flowers.[8] These actions have been effective in creating new planted zones in economically stagnant areas like urban Eastern Germany, where abandoned buildings have been reverted to forest-like conditions.[9]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Zefferman, Emily P.; McKinney, Michael L.; Cianciolo, Thomas; Fritz, Bridgette I. (2018-01-01). "Knoxville's urban wilderness: Moving toward sustainable multifunctional management". Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. Wild urban ecosystems: challenges and opportunities for urban development. 29: 357–366. doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2017.09.002. ISSN 1618-8667.
- ^ a b Diemer, Mathias; Held, Martin; Hofmeister, Sabine (December 2003). "Urban Wilderness in Central Europe: Rewilding at the Urban Fringe". International Journal of Wilderness. 9 (3): 7–11.
- ^ a b c Maleki, Shadi; Julian, Jason P.; Weaver, Russell C.; Lopez, Christina; Kraft, Mike (2022), Misiune, Ieva; Depellegrin, Daniel; Egarter Vigl, Lukas (eds.), "Social Demand for Urban Wilderness in Purgatory", Human-Nature Interactions, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 247–260, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_20, ISBN 978-3-031-01979-1
- ^ "Milwaukee River Greenway". River Revitalization Foundation. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
- ^ "Jacob Riis: The Photographer Who Showed "How the Other Half Lives" in 1890s NYC". My Modern Met. 2020-07-22. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
- ^ "Calvert Vaux Park Highlights - Calvert Vaux Park : NYC Parks". www.nycgovparks.org. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
- ^ Brookline, Mailing Address: 99 Warren Street; Us, MA 02445 Phone:566-1689 Contact. "Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Jordan, John (2009-04-20), "Reclaim the Streets", in Ness, Immanuel (ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest, Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 1–6, doi:10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp1240, ISBN 978-1-4051-9807-3, retrieved 2022-10-10
- ^ "Urban Wilderness". Städte wagen Wildnis (in German). Retrieved 2021-09-14.