Temporary appropriation refers to the action in which a person or a group of people realises an activity in a public space for which it was not designed for. According to Lara-Hernandez and Melis,[1] it is process that implies dynamism similar to what Graumann called the humanisation of the space, which is the fundamental societal defined meanings interiorised by the individual.[2] Representative activities of temporary appropriation can be grouped in three main categories: 1) sports, leisure and cultural activities; 2) activities related to economy such as work and services; and 3) activities related to sacralisation or worship. Authors stress two main factors that encourage the temporary appropriation phenomenon, on the one hand the cultural factor (also known as Synthetic psychological environment)[3] while on the other the configuration or design of the built environment. The former refers to the group of symbols, values, attitudes, skills, knowledge, meanings, communication ways, social structure and physical objects that make possible the life of a determinate society.[4] While the latter refers to human-made structures, features, and facilities viewed collectively as an environment in which people live and work.[5] Temporary appropriation is an example of Architectural Exaptation in the urban environment.
Theoretical explanation
editThe term appropriation was firstly introduced by Korosec-Serfaty[6] in the Proceedings of the Strasbourg conference in 1976. Within the field of environmental psychology, the term appropriation is described as a temporary phenomenon that implies a dynamic process of interaction between the individual and its surroundings. It is a process similar to that of humanisation.[7] Since then, several authors such as Purcell,[8] Pol,[9] and Yory[10] with the theory of topophilia, have used the term to explain the theoretical link between people and places. These authors consider the appropriation as an inborn necessity of humans that can be expressed through activities that occur in the urban landscape. Public spaces are an essential part of the urban landscape and their design is therefore strongly linked to the possibility of occurring activities related to the Temporary Appropriation. In other words, while appropriation is a broader term, its temporary variation refers more specifically to public spaces.[11][12] The accent in the latter has always been placed on the informality of this action ( for more details see Temporary appropriation and urban informality: Exploring the subtle distinction). Dr. Lara-Hernandez conceptualises temporary appropriation instead as a consequence of the necessity of adapting human needs to a city that deprives the population of reference points due to sudden and unexpected changes.[13] Additionally, it has been claimed that temporary appropriation plays a key role in enhancing urban resilience (see Temporary Appropriation in Cities: Human Spatialisation in Public Spaces and Community Resilience).
References
edit- ^ Lara-Hernandez, J. Antonio; Melis, Alessandro (May 2018). "Understanding the temporary appropriation in relationship to social sustainability". Sustainable Cities and Society. 39: 366–374. Bibcode:2018SusCS..39..366L. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2018.03.004.
- ^ Graumann, Carl Friedrich (1976). "The Concept of Appropriation (Aneignung)And Modes of Appropriation of Space". Appropriation of Space. 6 (2).
- ^ Trollope-Kumar, Karen, Last, John M., "Encyclopedia of Public Health: Cultural Factors", 2002 [1]
- ^ Bonfil Batalla, Guillermo (1991). Pensar nuestra cultura : ensayos (PDF) (1 ed.). México, D.F.: Alianza Editorial. ISBN 968-39-0481-5.
- ^ "Built Environment | Definition of Built Environment by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Built Environment". Lexico Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
- ^ Korosec-Serfaty, Paola (1976). Appropriation of Space: Proceedings of the Strasbourg Conference (1 ed.). Strasbourg: Louis Pasteur University. p. 655.
- ^ Graumann, Carl Friedrich (1976). "The Concept of Appropriation (Aneignung)And Modes of Appropriation of Space". Appropriation of Space. 6 (2).
- ^ Purcell, Mark (2002). "Excavating Lefebvre: The right to the city and its urban politics of the inhabitant". GeoJournal. 58 (2/3): 99–108. doi:10.1023/B:GEJO.0000010829.62237.8f. S2CID 18096395.
- ^ Pol, Enric (2002). Psicología y medio ambiente. Aspectos psicosociales, educativos y metodológicos. A Coruña: Asociación Galega de Estudios e Investigacion Psicosocial-Publiedisa. pp. 123–132.
- ^ Yory, Carlos Mario (2011). "El Concepto de Topofilia entendido como Teoría del Lugar" (PDF). Revista Barrio Taller: 1–17.
- ^ Lara-Hernandez, Jose Antonio (2023-01-01), Allam, Zaheer; Chabaud, Didier; Gall, Catherine; Pratlong, Florent (eds.), "Chapter 29 - Building urban resilience through infrastructure exaptation", Resilient and Sustainable Cities, Elsevier, pp. 537–549, ISBN 978-0-323-91718-6, retrieved 2023-08-23
- ^ Lara-Hernandez, Jose Antonio (2023-12-01). "Emergent temporary appropriation versus lockdown regulations: The case of Venice". Sustainable Cities and Society. 99: 104854. Bibcode:2023SusCS..9904854L. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2023.104854. ISSN 2210-6707. S2CID 260879763.
- ^ Lara-Hernandez, Jose Antonio (2019). Temporary appropriation : theory and practice of the street. Portsmouth, UK: University of Portsmouth.