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Brown, T. G., Seraganian, P., Tremblay, J., & Annis, H. (June 2002). "Process and outcome changes with relapse prevention versus 12-Step aftercare programs for substance abusers". Addiction. 97 (6): 677–689. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00101.x. PMID 12084137.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Brown; A. E.; Pavlik; V. N.; Shegog; R.; Whitney; S. N.; Friedman (2007). "Association of spirituality and sobriety during a behavioral spirituality intervention for twelve step (TS) recovery". American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 33 (4): 611–617. doi:10.1080/00952990701407686. PMID 17668347. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |author-separator= ignored (help)
Carrico, A. W., Gifford, E. V., & Moos, R. H. (June 2007). "Spirituality/religiosity promotes acceptance-based responding and 12-step involvement". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 89 (1): 66–73. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.004. PMID 17229532.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Cisler, R., Holder, H. D., Longabaugh, R., Stout, R. L., & Zweben, A. (September 1998). "Actual and estimated replication costs for alcohol treatment modalities: Case study from Project MATCH". Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 59 (5): 503–512. PMID 9718102.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Craig, T. J., Krishna, G., & Poniarski, R. (Summer 1997). "Predictors of successful vs. unsuccessful outcome of a 12-step inpatient alcohol rehabilitation program". The American Journal on Addictions. 6 (3): 232–236. doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.1997.tb00402.x. PMID 9256989.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Deskovitz, M., Key, D. E., Hill, E. M., & Franklin, J. T. (June 2004). "A Long-Term Family-Oriented Treatment for Adolescents with Substance-Related Disorders: An Outcome Study". Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal. 21 (3): 265–284. doi:10.1023/B:CASW.0000028455.18661.bd.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Fiorentine, R. (1999). "After drug treatment: Are 12-step programs effective in maintaining abstinence?". American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 25 (1): 93–116. doi:10.1081/ADA-100101848. PMID 10078980.
Fiorentine, R., & Hillhouse, M. P. (January 2000). "Drug treatment and 12-step program participation: The additive effects of integrated recovery activities". Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 18 (1): 65–74. doi:10.1016/S0740-5472(99)00020-3. PMID 10636609.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Fiorentine, R., & Hillhouse, M. P. (2000). "Exploring the additive effects of drug misuse treatment and Twelve-Step involvement: Does Twelve-Step ideology matter?". Substance Use & Misuse. 35 (3): 367–397. doi:10.3109/10826080009147702.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Fiorentine, R., & Hillhouse, M. P. (2003). "Why extensive participation in treatment and twelve-step programs is associated with the cessation of addictive behaviors: An application of the Addicted-Self Model of recovery". Journal of Addictive Diseases. 22 (1): 35–55. doi:10.1300/J069v22n01_03. PMID 12661978.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Finney, J. W., Moos, R. H., & Humphreys, K. (March 1999). "A comparative evaluation of substance abuse treatment: II. Linking proximal outcomes of 12-step and cognitive-behavioral treatment to substance use outcomes". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 23 (3): 537–544. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04150.x. PMID 10195830.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Finney, J. W., Noyes, C. A., Coutts, A. I., & Moos, R. H. (July 1998). "Evaluating substance abuse treatment process models: I. Changes on proximal outcome variables during 12-step and cognitive-behavioral treatment". Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 59 (4): 371–380. PMID 9647419.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Gossop, M., Stewart, D., & Marsden, J. (January 2008). "Attendance at Narcotics Anonymous and Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, frequency of attendance and substance use outcomes after residential treatment for drug dependence: A 5-year follow-up study". Addiction. 103 (1): 119–125. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02050.x. PMID 18028521.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Goubert, D., McKay, J. R., Burke, M., & McLellan, A. T. (Spring 1996). "Treatment program progress: Reliability and predictive validity of the Treatment Program Progress Rating Scale". The American Journal on Addictions. 5 (2): 174–180. doi:10.3109/10550499608995674.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Humphreys, K., & Moos, R. (2001). "Can encouraging substance abuse patients to participate in self-help groups reduce demand for health care? A quasi-experimental study". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 25 (5): 711–716. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02271.x. PMID 11371720.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Humphreys, K., & Noke, J. M. (February 1997). "The influence of posttreatment mutual help group participation on the friendship networks of substance abuse patients". American Journal of Community Psychology. 25 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1023/A:1024613507082. PMID 9231993.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Johnson, J. E., Finney, J. W., & Moos, R. H. (July 2006). "End-of-treatment outcomes in cognitive-behavioral treatment and 12-step substance use treatment programs: Do they differ and do they predict 1-year outcomes?". Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 31 (1): 41–50. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2006.03.008. PMID 16814009.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Kahler, C. W., Kelly, J. F., Strong, D. R., Stuart, G. L., & Brown, R. A. (July 2006). "Development and Initial Validation of a 12-Step Participation Expectancies Questionnaire". Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 67 (4): 538–542. PMID 16736073.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Kahler, C. W., Read, J. P., Ramsey, S. E., Stuart, G. L., McCrady, B. S., & Brown, R. A. (August 2004). "Motivational Enhancement for 12-Step Involvement Among Patients Undergoing Alcohol Detoxification". Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 72 (4): 736–741. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.4.736.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Keene, J. (September 2000). "The limits of therapeutic models of substance misuse for policy and practice: A qualitative study of two agencies". International Journal of Drug Policy. 11 (5): 337–349. doi:10.1016/S0955-3959(00)00051-7. PMID 10967516.
Kelly, J. F., & Moos, R. (April 2003). "Dropout from 12-step self-help groups: Prevalence, predictors, and counteracting treatment influences". Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 24 (3): 241–250. doi:10.1016/S0740-5472(03)00021-7. PMID 12810145.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Kelly, J. F., Myers, M. G., & Brown, S. A. (December 2000). "A Multivariate Process Model of Adolescent 12-Step Attendance and Substance Use Outcome Following Inpatient Treatment". Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 14 (4): 376–389. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.14.4.376. PMC 1945122. PMID 11130156.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Kelly, J. F., Myers, M. G., & Brown, S. A. (May 2002). "Do Adolescents Affiliate with 12-Step Groups? A Multivariate Process Model of Effects". Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 63 (3): 293–304. PMC 1978185. PMID 12086130.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Kelly, J. F., Myers, M. G., & Brown, S. A. (2005). "The Effects of Age Composition of 12-Step Groups on Adolescent 12-Step Participation and Substance Use Outcome". Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse. 15 (1): 63–72. doi:10.1300/J029v15n01_05. PMC 2136436. PMID 18080000.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Kingree, J. B. (2001). "Predictors of 12-step group preference among low-income treatment participants with alcohol problems". Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 19 (1): 57–66. doi:10.1300/J020v19n01_04.

Kingree, J. B. (2005). "Twelve-Step Subculture and Cultural Competency Among Clinicians: A Response to Holleran and MacMaster". Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 23 (4): 121–125. doi:10.1300/J020v23n04_09.

Kurtz, L. F., & Fisher, M. (Winter 2003). "Participation in community life by AA and NA members". Contemporary Drug Problems. 30 (4): 875–904.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Levine, B. G., & Nebelkopf, E. (Jan–March 1998). "A Russian-American approach to the treatment of alcoholism in Russia: Preliminary results". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 30 (1): 25–32. doi:10.1080/02791072.1998.10399668. PMID 9565206. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Longabaugh, R., Wirtz, P. W., Zweben, A., & Stout, R. L. (September 1998). "Network support for drinking, Alcoholics Anonymous and long-term matching effects". Addiction. 93 (9): 1313–1333. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.93913133.x. PMID 9926538.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Mengis, M., Maude-Griffin, P. M., Delucchi, K., & Hall, S. M. (Summer 2002). "Alcohol use affects the outcome of treatment for cocaine abuse". The American Journal on Addictions. 11 (3): 219–227. doi:10.1080/10550490290087992. PMID 12202014.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Moos, R. H., & Moos, B. S. (April 2004). "Help-seeking careers: Connections between participation in professional treatment and Alcoholics Anonymous". Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 26 (3): 167–173. doi:10.1016/S0740-5472(03)00190-9. PMID 15063909.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Moos, R. H., Moos, B. S., & Andrassy, J. M. (December 1999). "Outcomes of four treatment approaches in community residential programs for patients with substance use disorders". Psychiatric Services. 50 (12): 1577–1583. PMID 10577876.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Morgenstern, J., & Bates, M. E. (November 1999). "Effects of executive function impairment on change processes and substance use outcomes in 12-step treatment". Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 60 (6): 846–855. PMID 10606498.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Ouimette, P. C., Finney, J. W., & Moos, R. H. (April 1997). "Twelve-step and cognitive-behavioral treatment for substance abuse: A comparison of treatment effectiveness". Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 65 (2): 230–240. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.65.2.230. PMID 9086686.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Ouimette, P. C., Finney, J. W., Gima, K., & Moos, R. H. (March 1999). "A comparative evaluation of substance abuse treatment III. Examining mechanisms underlying patient-treatment matching hypotheses for 12-step and cognitive-behavioral treatments for substance abuse: Alcoholism". Clinical and Experimental Research. 23 (3): 545–551. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04151.x.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Ouimette, P. C., Moos, R. H., & Finney, J. W. (September 1998). "Influence of outpatient treatment and 12-step group involvement on one-year substance abuse treatment outcomes". Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 59 (5): 513–522. PMID 9718103.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Penn, P. E., & Brooks, A. J. (Win 2000). "Five years, twelve steps, and REBT in the treatment of dual diagnosis". Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive Behavior Therapy. 18 (4): 197–208. doi:10.1023/A:1007883021936. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Polcin, D. L. (October 2000). "Professional counseling versus specialized programs for alcohol and drug abuse treatment". Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling. 21 (1): 2–11. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1874.2000.tb00147.x.
Sandoz, C. J. (1999). "The spiritual experience in recovery: A closer look". Journal of Ministry in Addiction & Recovery. 6 (2): 53–59. doi:10.1300/J048v06n02_05.
Saarnio, P., & Knuuttila, V. (April 2003). "A study of risk factors in dropping out from inpatient treatment of substance abuse". Journal of Substance Use. 8 (1): 33–38. doi:10.1080/1465989031000067227.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Stephenson, G. M., & Zygouris, N. (February 2007). "Effects of self reflection on engagement in a 12-step addiction treatment programme: A linguistic analysis of diary entries". Addictive Behaviors. 32 (2): 416–424. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.05.011. PMID 16822620.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Swora, M. G. (September 2004). "The rhetoric of transformation in the healing of alcoholism: The twelve steps of Alcoholics Anonymous". Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 7 (3): 187–209. doi:10.1080/13674670310001602445.
Tavares Rodrigues, J., & Pinto de Almeida, L. (2002). "Freedom and compulsion: An analysis of twelve steps programming of Alcoholics Anonymous". Psicologia em Estudo. 7 (1): 113–120.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Thevos, A. K., Roberts, J. S., Thomas, S. E., & Randall, C. L. (May–June 2000). "Cognitive behavioral therapy delays relapse in female socially phobic alcoholics". Addictive Behaviors. 25 (3): 333–345. doi:10.1016/S0306-4603(99)00067-2. PMID 10890288.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Thevos, A. K., Thomas, S. E., & Randall, C. L. (July 2001). "Social support in alcohol dependence and social phobia: Treatment comparisons". Research on Social Work Practice. 11 (4): 458–472. doi:10.1177/104973150101100403.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Timko, C., Billow, R., & DeBenedetti, A. (August 2006). "Determinants of 12-step group affiliation and moderators of the affiliation-abstinence relationship". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 83 (2): 111–121. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.005. PMID 16338102.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Timko, C., & Debenedetti, A. (October 2007). "A randomized controlled trial of intensive referral to 12-step self-help groups: One-year outcomes". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 90 (2–3): 270–279. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.04.007. PMID 17524574.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Timko, C., DeBenedetti, A., & Billow, R. (May 2006). "Intensive referral to 12-Step self-help groups and 6-month substance use disorder outcomes". Addiction. 101 (5): 678–688. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01391.x. PMID 16669901.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Tonigan, J. S., Bogenschutz, M. P., & Miller, W. R. (June 2006). "Is alcoholism typology a predictor of both Alcoholics Anonymous affiliation and disaffiliation after treatment?". Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 30 (4): 323–330. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2006.02.008. PMID 16716847.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Villanueva, M., Tonigan, J. S., & Miller, W. R. (2007). "Response of Native American clients to three treatment methods for alcohol dependence". Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse. 6 (2): 41–48. doi:10.1300/J233v06n02_04. PMID 18192203.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Weegmann, M. (June 2004). "Alcoholics Anonymous: A Group-Analytic View of Fellowship Organizations: Group Analysis". 37 (2): 243–258. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Wilson, K. G., Hayes, S. C., & Byrd, M. R. (Winter 2000). "Exploring compatibilities between Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and 12-step treatment for substance abuse". Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive Behavior Therapy. 18 (4): 209–234. doi:10.1023/A:1007835106007.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Winters, K. C., Stinchfield, R. D., Opland, E., Weller, C., & Latimer, W. W. (April 2000). "The effectiveness of the Minnesota Model approach in the treatment of adolescent drug abusers". Addiction. 95 (4): 601–612. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.95460111.x. PMID 10829335.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Witbrodt, J., & Kaskutas, L. A. (2005). "Does diagnosis matter? Differential effects of 12-step participation and social networks on abstinence". American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 31 (4): 685–707. doi:10.1081/ADA-68486. PMID 16320441.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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