Missions assisted with the formation of a non traditional elite. The first Xhosa newspapers began with J.T. Jabavo and Xhosa printing was supported by the Lovedale Press. [1]

References

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https://groundup.org.za/article/bid-to-save-legendary-lovedale-press/

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3819327

https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-08-17-lovedale-a-printing-press-that-tells-the-stories-of-black-writers-literature-history-and-so-much-more/

  1. ^ Mongameli Mabona. His Life and Work. Book Author(s): Ernst Wolff Published by: Leuven University Press. (2020) https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv190k9wd.5