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Women in the Israel–Hamas war (section)

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October 7 attack on Israel

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Main article: Sexual and gender-based violence in the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel

Sexual violence, torture and casualties

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During the October 7, 2023 attacks by Hamas on Israeli communities, reports emerged of Hamas militants raping, assaulting, and mutilating Israeli women and girls.[1][2][3][4] Following the attack forensic evidence collection by Israeli authorities confirmed sexual violence.[5][6][7][8] Hamas was accused of committing war crimes and crimes against humanity through the usage of gender-based violence as a weapon of war.[2][9] Hamas has issued a blanket denial.[10] Testimonies emerged and videos reached the army containing testimonies that, in addition to the murders, Hamas employed methods of severe torture that included violence against women and sexual violence, including rape.[11][12][13][14][15] CNN reported that the claims are made by witnesses and that "investigators do not have firsthand testimony, and it is not clear whether any rape victims survived."[15]

Prof. Ruth Halperin-Kaddari argues that the targeted attack against women and children, which included torture and rape, was a central goal aimed at spreading fear and terror, and is part of the use of violence against women as a weapon in war.[16][14] Liat Atzili, who was kidnapped from the Nir Oz kibbutz, in a long interview, testified that in captivity she spoke at length with her guards and suffered no physical violence.[17] However the majority of the dead were male, only 3% were children, and I'm his speech inciting others to join the attack Mohammed Deif (whose own infant son died in an Israeli airstrike in 2014) quoted a verse of the Quran that forbids attacks on children.

The reports of rape and sexual violence are based on witnesses who survived the massacre at the music festival near Re'im, and from residents of Gaza envelope communities. Other incidents were reported on by rescuers. Forensic evidence[clarification needed] is consistent with torture and rape, and videos were filmed by Hamas militants themselves,[verification needed] some of them uploaded to social networks and Telegram by alleged Hamas activists according to Ynet and The Algemeiner.[14][18][19]

Hostages

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92 Israeli and foreign women and girls were taken hostage and held in Gaza during the October 7 attack. The majority of Israeli women and all Israeli girls held hostage were released during the ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas at the end of November 2023. As of May 2024, it is known that 9 female hostages died in captivity, while 12 female hostages are believed to be held hostage alive by Israeli intelligence officials.[20] 7 Israeli female soldiers were taken hostage from the attack on the Nahal Oz military base, with one soldier rescued on October 30 2023, one soldier dying in captivity, and five soldiers still held as hostages as of May 2024. Noa Argamani, a female hostage taken from the Nova music festival was rescued by the IDF on June 8, 2024 in Nuseirat.

There were attempts, led by Israeli women, to raise awareness for the hostage crisis, and to promote the hostages release.[21][22]

  1. ^ Glazer, Hilo (2023-11-30). "The Scope of Hamas' Campaign of Rape Against Israeli Women Is Revealed, Testimony After Testimony". Haaretz. Retrieved 2023-12-02.
  2. ^ a b Rubin, Shira (2023-11-25). "Israel investigates an elusive, horrific enemy: Rape as a weapon of war". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2023-12-02.
  3. ^ Blake, Kenneth (2023-11-23). "Hamas Raped and Massacred Israeli Women; Is There a Way to Hold Them Legally Accountable? - Algemeiner.com". The Algemeiner. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  4. ^ Shpigel, Noa; Rozovsky, Liza (2023-11-28). "Israel Police Presents New Evidence of Sexual Assault by Hamas Terrorists on October 7". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2023-11-28. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  5. ^ Bob, Yonah Jeremy (2023-11-21). "Israel-Hamas war: Shin Bet interrogations break open Hamas strategy". JPost.com. Archived from the original on 2023-11-28. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  6. ^ "Kill, behead, rape: Interrogated Hamas members detail atrocities against civilians". Times of Israel. 24 October 2023. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  7. ^ Schmitt, Eric; Bergman, Ronen; Goldman, Adam (18 November 2023). "Is Israel's Military Strategy to Eradicate Hamas Working?". The New York Times.
  8. ^ "Israel has launched an investigation into several rape cases committed by Hamas terrorists". Telewizja Polska. 2023-11-14. Archived from the original on 2023-11-30. Retrieved 2024-03-03.
  9. ^ "Gender-Based Violence as a Weapon of War during the October 7 Hamas Attacks | Position Paper". Doctors for human rights. 2023-11-26. Retrieved 2023-12-02.
  10. ^ Sullivan, Becky; Kelemen, Michele (December 6, 2023). "Israel presses U.N. to investigate charges of sexual violence by Hamas fighters". NPR. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
  11. ^ Pole, Adam (2023-10-12). "טלי מאופקים פינתה את בנה תחת אש – והמשיכה לעוד פצועים: "לא היה רגע דל"" [Tali Maofakim evacuated her son under fire - and continued to work injured: "There was never a dull moment"]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  12. ^ גליקמן, איתן (2023-10-10). "השיחה האחרונה של עמית הפרמדיקית: "הצילה חיים עד הרגע האחרון"" [The last conversation of the paramedic colleague: "who saved lives until the last moment"]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  13. ^ Cohen, Amichai (2023-10-23). "הפשעים הבינלאומיים הכרוכים בחטיפות הישראלים ב"חרבות ברזל"" [The international crimes involving the kidnapping of the Israelis in the "Iron Swords"]. www.idi.org.il (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  14. ^ a b c "שתיקה כואבת במיוחד: "ארגוני הנשים בעולם נטשו ובגדו בנו"" [A particularly painful silence: "Women's organizations in the world have abandoned and betrayed us"]. calcalist (in Hebrew). 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  15. ^ a b Tapper, Jake; Appleton, Kirsten (2023-11-18). "Israel investigates sexual violence committed by Hamas as part of October 7 horror". CNN. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Shany Littman, 'I Wanted Them to Like Me. That's How You Survive': Liat Atzili Spent Weeks Conversing With Her Hamas Captors. Here's What They Talked About,' Haaretz 27 July 2024
  18. ^ Eichner, Itamar; Gil-Ed, Hadar (2023-11-17). "תחקיר ב-CNN, עדויות קשות: ישראל במאבק בהכחשות מקרי האונס" [CNN investigation, hard evidence: Israel in the fight against the denial of rape cases]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  19. ^ "העדויות לפשעי מין בטבח מצטברות, אך הדרך לבית המשפט עוד ארוכה" [The evidence of sexual crimes in the massacre is accumulating, but the road to court is still long]. הארץ (in Hebrew). 2023-11-19. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  20. ^ Steinberg, Jessica (2024-03-05). "Women leaders demand release of female hostages ahead of International Women's Day". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2024-05-12.
  21. ^ Sommer, Allison Kaplan (2023-11-12). "Thousands of Women Rally in Tel Aviv in Support of Israeli Hostages in Gaza". Haaretz. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  22. ^ Coussin, Orna; Elkayam, Liat (2023-11-17). "Israeli Women Demand a Hostage Deal". Haaretz. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
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