Paleoflora of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands

Not to be confused with Paleofauna of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands.

The paleoflora of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands includes all plant and fungi fossils preserved in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands Lagerstätten. The highlands are a series of Early Eocene geological formations which span an 1,000 km (620 mi) transect of British Columbia, Canada and Washington state, United States and are known for the diverse and detailed plant fossils which represent an upland temperate ecosystem immediately after the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, and before the increased cooling of the middle and late Eocene to Oligocene. The fossiliferous deposits of the region were noted as early as 1873, with small amounts of systematic work happening in the 1880-90s on British Columbian sites, and 1920-30s for Washington sites. A returned focus and more detailed descriptive work on the Okanagan Highlands sites revived in the 1970s. The noted richness of agricultural plant families in Republic and Princeton floras resulted in the term "Eocene orchards" being used for the paleofloras.

Paleoflora

The Eocene Okanagan Highlands hosted a diverse mix of temperate and tropical paleobiotic elements, with the forests having the first significant proportions of temperate plants in North America. The paleobotanical community was a mixture of plants found in subtropical evergreen and temperate deciduous forests. Included in the forest were a number of important modern temperate flowering plant families such as Betulaceae, Rosaceae, and Sapindaceae, plus the conifer family Pinaceae. Study of the deciduous plants from the highlands has documented the occurrence of heteromorphic leaves derived from sun versus shade conditions and long shoot or short shoot buds. The paleobotanical community of the Republic area has been noted as the most diverse floral community of the Okanagan highlands, with some estimates ranging to over 68 families and 134 genera being present. The noted richness of Rosaceae fossils along with other important agricultural plant families found in the Republic and Princeton floras, including the genera that contain modern apples, blackberries, cherries, and serviceberries resulted in Wes Wher and Donald Hopkins (1994) coining the term "Eocene orchards". Fossil evidence from both Sorbus/Crataegus and Rhus leaves in the Republic sites indicate the area was a center for species overlap and active hybridization events.

Extent

The majority of the lake deposits are compression fossils in lake bed sediments grouped informally into "Northern", "Central", and "Southern" sites. The Northern sites are composed of unnamed Ootsa Group formations which outcrop as the "Driftwood shales" near Smithers, British Columbia, sites now considered lost in the Quesnel, British Columbia area, and the "Horsefly shales", of an unnamed formation and unnamed group which outcrop around Horsefly, British Columbia. The Central sites represent Kamloops Group formations with the McAbee Fossil Beds, Tranquille River site and Falkland site, all in the Tranquille Formation, the Quichena site and Stump Lake site in the Coldwater Beds and outcrops of the Chu Chua Formation near Barriere, British Columbia. The Southern sites include the Princeton Group Allenby Formation sites surrounding Princeton, British Columbia, such as "Nine Mile Creek", "One Mile Creek", "Pleasant Valley", "Thomas Ranch", "Vermilian Bluffs", and "Whipsaw Creek". The most southerly of the Okanagan Highlands lakes, the Klondike Mountain Formation in Northern Ferry County, Washington include the "Boot Hill", "Corner Lot", "Gold Mountain", "Knob Hill", and "Mount Elizabeth" localities. Closely correlated with the Klondike Mountain Formation are the Penticton groups Kettle River, Marama and Marron Formations in the Boundary District along the Canada-United States border.

There is debate as to the affiliation of the, now lost, Quesnel outcrops with the Greater Okanagan Highlands. Archibald et al. (2018) in the monograph overview of the Highlands Hymenoptera included them as part of the series. However the certainty for the placement was later questioned by Archibald and Cannings (2022) who opted to tentatively exclude Quesnel from the highlands while discussing the history of field collecting in the region.

Chert and amber

Princeton Chert & "Ashnola shales" interbedding

Additionally two important non-compression biotas are present in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands. A permineralized chert flora, the Princeton Chert is found along the Similkameen River interbedded with coal deposits of the Ashnola shale unit, Allenby Formation known for anatomically preserved plants. In the Central sites, subbituminous coal of the Hat Creek Coal Formation around Hat Creek hosts an amber biota, the Hat Creek amber which preserves many small insects and plant fragments that would likely not be found in the compression biotas.

Diatoms

Two algae taxa of the protist order Ochrophyta have been described from the highlands, and are placed in the family Aulacoseiraceae, a member of the diatom order Bacillariophyceae,. The third algae is identified as a living paleoendemic Mallomonas species now restricted to warmer climates in North America and Europe.

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Aulacoseiraceae	Aulacoseira	"Undescribed"	Horsefly	An aulacoseiraceous diatom Not described to species
	†Eoseira	†Eoseira wilsonii	Horsefly	An aulacoseiraceous diatom
Mallomonadaceae	Mallomonas	Mallomonas intermedia	Horsefly	An mallomonadaceous synurid algae Extant, and considered a paleoendemic species for Canada

Bryophytes

A group of six mosses were described from the Allenby Formation by Kuc (1972,1974) representing the genera Ditrichites, Hypnites  and Plagiopodopsis , with two species placed in the morphogenus Muscites . Further revision of the fossils was conducted by Milner (1980), who placed two species into the genus Plagiopodopsis and moved both species described as Palaeohypnum to other genera. One further moss has been described from Horsefly, and placed in the living genus Aulacomnium by Janssens et al (1979). Dillhoff et al. (2013) reference undescribed moss specimens from the Klondike Mountain Formation known from vegetative gametophytes, and George Poinar, Jr. et al. (1999) illustrated an undescribed specimen of moss entombed in Hat Creek Amber.

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Amblystegiaceae	†Hypnites	†Hypnites jovet-astiae	Princeton	An amblystegiaceous moss, First described as Palaeohypnum jovet-asti, moved to Hypnites jovet-astiae in 1980
		†Hypnites steerei	Princeton	An amblystegiaceous moss First described as Palaeohypnum steerei, moved to Hypnites steerei in 1980
Aulacomniaceae	Aulacomnium	†Aulacomnium heterostichoides	Horsefly	An aulacomniaceous moss
Bartramiaceae	†Plagiopodopsis	†Plagiopodopsis eocenicus	Princeton	A bartramiaceous moss First described as Muscites eocenicus , moved to Plagiopodopsis eocenicus in 1980
?Ditrichaceae	†Ditrichites	†Ditrichites fylesi	Princeton	A ditrichaceous moss
Incertae sedis	†Muscites	†Muscites maycocki	Princeton	A moss of uncertain placement
		†Muscites ritchiei	Princeton	A moss of uncertain placement
Undescribed	Undescribed	Undescribed	Falkland Horsefly Princeton Republic	Undescribed moss compression specimens	undescribed bryophyte
		Undescribed	Hat Creek	Undescribed moss amber specimens

Lycophytes

Both an undescribed member of the fossil quillwort genus Isoetites and the spikemoss genus Selaginella have been found in the Klondike Mountain Formation, while an additional fossil deemed Cf. Selaginella was later reported from the Allenby Formation.

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Isoetaceae	†Isoetites	Undescribed	Republic	A quillwort relative Not described	Isoetites species
Selaginellaceae	Selaginella	Undescribed	Republic	A spikemoss Not described	Selaginella species
	Cf. Selaginella	Undescribed	Princeton	A spikemoss from the Thomas Ranch site. Not described

Pteridophytes

Five species of ferns and fern relatives have been described from the compression biotas and an additional four compression taxa that have been tentatively identified to family or genus. A series of four additional ferns have been described from premineralized specimens in the Princeton Chert and a fifth taxon is identified to genus. Several fern specimens were briefly mentioned from Horsefly but no taxonomic assignment was made due to lack of reproductive vegetation.

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Athyriaceae	†Dickwhitea	†Dickwhitea allenbyensis	Princeton Chert	An athyriaceous fern
	†Makotopteris	†Makotopteris princetonensis	Princeton Chert	An athyriaceous fern
Blechnaceae	†Trawetsia	†Trawetsia princetonensis	Princeton Chert	A blechnacious fern
	Woodwardia	†Woodwardia arctica	Chu Chua	A blechnacious fern First identified as Woodwardia maxoni
Cystopteridaceae	Cf. Cystopteris	Undescribed	Republic	A possible bladder fern relative. Not identified to species
Dennstaedtiaceae	Dennstaedtia	†Dennstaedtia christophelii	Falkland Republic	A Hayscented fern First identified at Falkland as (?)Adiantum sp.2	Dennstaedtia christophelii
	†Dennstaedtiopsis	†Dennstaedtiopsis aerenchymata	Princeton Chert	A dennstaedtioid fern
Equisetaceae	Equisetum	†Equisetum similkamense	Chu chua Princeton	A scouring rush Possibly a synonym of Equisetum boreale per Berry (1926).
	Equisetum	Undescribed	Falkland Hat Creek Republic	A scouring rush. Not identified to species	Equisetum species Not described
Hymenophyllaceae	Hymenophyllum	†Hymenophyllum axsmithii	Republic	A filmy fern
Lygodiaceae	Lygodium	Undescribed	Republic	A climbing fern. Not identified to species
Osmundaceae	Osmunda	Undescribed	Driftwood Horsefly Princeton Princeton Chert	An osmundaceous fern Not identified to species
Pteridaceae	(?)Adiantum	Undescribed	Falkland	A possible maidenhair fern Not identified to species Listed by Smith et al. (2012) as (?)Adiantum sp. 1
Salviniaceae	Azolla	†Azolla primaeva	Horsefly Princeton Quilchena Republic Stump Lake	A mosquito fern, First described as Azollophyllum primaevum
		Undescribed	Driftwood Falkland	A mosquito fern, Not identified to species
	Salvinia	Undescribed	Republic (Mt Elizabeth)	A "watermoss" species. Not identified to species.	Salvinia species not described
Thelypteridaceae	Cf. Phegopteris	Unidentified	Driftwood	A northern beech fern species. Not described to species. Comparable to species of the P. connectilis group	Cf. Phegopteris

Gymnosperms

Three major groups of gymnosperms are present in the Okanagan Highlands formations, with the most speciose being the pinophytes. The ginkgophytes are represented by two species of Ginkgo, while an undescribed Zamiaceae member is the sole cycadophyte.

Cycadophytes

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Zamiaceae	Undescribed	Undescribed	Republic	A zamiaceous cycad. Not described to genus/species	Undescribed zamiaceous leaf

Gingkophytes

Family	Genus	Species	Sites	Notes	Images
Ginkgoaceae	Ginkgo	Ginkgo biloba	Chu chua Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic Tranquille	A ginkgo, Possibly belonging to †Ginkgo adiantoides instead.	Ginkgo biloba
		†Ginkgo dissecta	Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic	A ginkgo	Ginkgo dissecta
		Undescribed	Chu Chua Driftwood Hat Creek Quilchena	A ginkgo Not described to species

Conifers

Cupressaceae

Family	Genus	Species	Sites	Notes	Images
Cunninghamioideae	Cunninghamia	Undescribed	Driftwood McAbee Princeton Republic	A Cunninghamia Not described to species	Cunninghamia species.
Cupressoideae	Calocedrus	Undescribed	Quilchena Republic	An incense cedar Not described to species
	Chamaecyparis	Undescribed	Driftwood Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	A false cypress Not described to species Possibly in the Callitropsis nootkatensis lineage.
	†Cupressinocladus	†Cupressinocladus interruptus	Falkland	A Cupressoid foliage morphotaxon.
		Undescribed	Princeton	A Cupressoid foliage morphotaxon. Not described to species First identified as Chamaecyparis linguaefolia
	Juniperus	Undescribed	Hat Creek (pollen) Horsefly McAbee (pollen) Princeton	A juniper Not described to species
	Thuja	Undescribed	Driftwood McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	An arborvitae Not described to species
	Cf. Calocedrus	Undescribed	McAbee	An incense cedar relative Not described to genus/species
	Cf. Thujopsis	Undescribed	Driftwood McAbee Republic	A Hiba relative Not described to genus/species
Sequoioideae	Metasequoia	†Metasequoia milleri	Princeton Chert	A dawn redwood
		†Metasequoia occidentalis	Chu Chua Driftwood Falkland Horsefly Kettle River McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic Tranquille	A dawn redwood Older sources identified as: "Sequoia" angustifolia S." brevifolia "S." heerii "S." langsdorfii (in part) "S." nordenskiöldi Taxodium distichum miocenum (in part) Taxodium occidentale	Metasequoia occidentalis
		Undescribed	Hat Creek	A dawn redwood Not described to species
	Sequoia	†Sequoia affinis	Falkland Princeton Republic	A Redwood Reported by Brown (1935) from Republic as "Sequioa langsdorfii"	Sequoia affinis
		Undescribed	Chu Chua Driftwood Horsefly McAbee Quilchena
Taiwanioideae	Taiwania	Undescribed	Republic	A Taiwania species not described to species
Taxodioideae	Cryptomeria	Undescribed	McAbee Republic	A sugi Not described to species
	Glyptostrobus	†Glyptostrobus europaeus	Chu Chua Horsefly Kamloops Stump Lake Princeton	A Chinese swamp cypress
		Undescribed	Falkland(?) Hat Creek Quilchena Republic	A Chinese swamp cypress Not described to species	Glyptostrobus species
	Taxodium	†Taxodium dubium	Chu Chua Falkland Republic	A bald cypress
		Undescribed	Chu Chua Hat Creek (pollen) McAbee Princeton Quilchena	A bald cypress not described to species
Incertae sedis	†Cupressinoxylon	†Cupressinoxylon dawsoni	Horsefly	A fossil cupressaceous? wood First described as Cupressoxylon dawsoni
		†Cupressinoxylon macrocarpoides	Kettle River	A fossil cupressaceous? wood First described as Cupressoxylon macrocarpoides

Pinaceae

Family	Genus	Species	Sites	Notes	Images
Abietoideae	Abies	†Abies milleri	Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic	Oldest true fir described
		†Abies toxirivus	Chu Chua Quilchena	A fir conescale morphospecies First named Pinus steenstrupiana in (1868) Moved to Abies steenstrupiana 1952 Moved to Abies toxirivus in 1959
		Undescribed	Driftwood Horsefly Quilchena	A true fir Not described to species
	Keteleeria	Undescribed	Quilchena	A Keteleeria species Not described to species
	Pseudolarix	Pseudolarix amabilis	Chu Chua Driftwood McAbee Princeton Stump Lake	A golden larch originally identified as Pseudolarix americana, then as Pseudolarix arnoldii
		†Pseudolarix wehrii	Princeton Republic	A long bracted golden larch Originally described as Pseudolarix americana.	Pseudolarix wehrii
		Undescribed	Driftwood Falkland Horsefly Quilchena	A golden larch Not described to species
	Tsuga	Undescribed	Driftwood Horsefly McAbee (pollen) Princeton Quilchena Republic	A hemlock Not described to species
Laricoideae	Pseudotsuga	†Pseudotsuga miocena	Horsefly	A Carbonized/petrified wood species Found in the Cariboo mine at ~400–500 ft (120–150 m) depth	Pseudotsuga miocena Radial thin section
Piceoideae	Picea	†Picea columbiensis	Kettle River	A spruce cone & needle species	Picea columbiensis
		†Picea quilchenensis	Quilchena	A spruce needle species Penhallow (1908) notes it may actually belong to P. tranquilensis
		†Picea tranquilensis	Tranquille	A spruce needle species Penhallow (1908) notes P. quilchenensis may be a synonym
		Undescribed	Driftwood Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	A spruce Not described
Pinoideae	Pinus	†Pinus allisonii	Princeton Chert	A 2-needled Pine
		†Pinus andersonii	Princeton Chert	A 3-needled Pine
		†Pinus arnoldii	Princeton Chert	A basal Pine, First described for ovulate cones A whole plant reconstruction includes the synonymized P. similkameenensis.
		†Pinus columbiana	Kettle River	A permineralized pinaceous wood, compression cone species	Pinus columbiana
		†Pinus driftwoodensis	Driftwood	A permineralized pinaceous cone
		†Pinus latahensis	Princeton Republic	A 5-needle pine	Pinus latahensis
		†Pinus macrophylla	Republic	A 3 needle pine, jr homoym to Pinus macrophylla Lindley 1839	"Pinus macrophylla"
		†Pinus monticolensis	Princeton Republic	A pinaceous winged seed morphogenus	Pinus monticolensis
		†Pinus princetonensis	Princeton Chert	A pinaceous cone
		†Pinus tetrafolia	Republic	A possible 4 needled pine Noted by Berry as "highly improbable that this should represent a distinct botanic species"	"Pinus tetrafolia"
		†Pinus trunculus	Chu Chua Horsefly Quilchena Princeton Tranquille Stump Lake	A 3-needle pine
		†Pinus tulameenensis	Princeton	A 5-needle pine
		Undescribed	Chu Chua Driftwood Falkland Horsefly McAbee Quilchena	Pine leaves and seeds Not described to species

Sciadopityaceae

Name	Authority	Year	Family	Notes	Images
Sciadopityaceae	Sciadopitys	Undescribed	Republic	An umbrella pine species	Sciadopitys species

Taxaceae

Name	Authority	Year	Family	Notes	Images
Taxaceae	Amentotaxus	Undescribed	Horsefly Princeton Republic	A yew Not described to species	Amentotaxus sp.
	Cf. Amentotaxus	Undescribed	Driftwood McAbee Quilchena	A yew Not described to genus/species
	Cephalotaxus	Unidentified	Republic	A yew Originally described placed in the Miocene Cephalotaxus bonseri Not described to species
	Taxus	Undescribed	Hat Creek (pollen) Horsefly Princeton (pollen) Republic	A yew Not described to species
	Cf. Taxus	Undescribed	McAbee	A yew relative Not described to genus/species
	Torreya	Undescribed	Horsefly	A plum-yew Not described to species
	Cf. Torreya	Undescribed	Driftwood McAbee Quilchena Republic	A plum-yew relative Not described to genus/species
	Unidentified	Unidentified	Falkland	Cephalotaxaceous needles Not described to genus/species

Angiosperms

Nymphaeales

The basal angiosperms are represented by two Nymphaeales water-lily species Nuphar carlquistii from the Republic and Princeton shales, plus Allenbya collinsonae from the Princeton Chert. Wehr (1995) illustrated two fossils that were tentatively identified as fruits of the banana genus Ensete and the extinct myrtle genus Paleomyrtinaea respectively, however further fossil finds resulted in the re-identification of the first as a N. carlquistii rhizome section, and the second is a seed mass from the same water-lily.

Family	Genus	Species	Sites	Notes	Images
Nelumbonaceae?	†Nelumbium	†Nelumbium pygmaeum	Horsefly Princeton	Possible lotus family leaves Synonym Nelumbo pygmaea (Dawson) Knowlton (1919)
		Unidentified	Princeton	Fragmentary possible lotus family leaves Penhallow suggests possibly the same as N. pygmaeum.
	Nelumbo	Unidentified	Falkland	Lotus leaves Not described to gens or species
Nymphaeaceae	†Allenbya	†Allenbya collinsonae	Princeton Chert	A waterlily relative. Not to be confused with the odonate Allenbya
	Nuphar	†Nuphar carlquistii	Princeton Republic	A waterlily, Rhizome sections were first identified as Ensete.	Nuphar carlquistii seeds

Magnoliids

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Lauraceae	Lindera	Undescribed	Princeton	A spicewood species. Not described.
	Cf. Lindera	Undescribed	Horsefly	A spicewood like species. Not described.
	Liriodendron	Undescribed	Chu Chua	Tentative identification based on 2 partial specimens
	†Litseaphyllum	Undescribed	Republic	A lauraceous form species. Not described
	Ocotea	Undescribed	Republic	A stinkwood species. Not described
	Phoebe	Undescribed	McAbee Princeton Republic	A Phoebe sp. Not described.
	Sassafras	†Sassafras hesperia	Chu Chua Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Republic	A sassafras Formerly identified as Sassafras sellwyni	Sassafras hesperia
		Undescribed	Driftwood Quilchena	A sassafras species Not described to species
	Unidentified	Unidentified	Falkland	Lauraceous leaves Not described to genus or species
		Unidentified	Princeton chert	Lauraceous fruits Likely from a "self pruning" species Not described to genus or species.
Magnoliaceae	†Liriodendroxylon	†Liriodendroxylon princetonensis	Princeton Chert	A Liriodendron-like wood.
	Magnolia	Undescribed	Princeton Republic	Magnolia leaves Republic fossils possibly Magnolia subgenus Talauma Not described to species	Magnolia
Saururaceae	Saururus	†Saururus tuckerae	Princeton Chert	A lizard's-tail species
incertae sedis	†Dillhoffia	†Dillhoffia cachensis	McAbee Republic	A flower of uncertain floral relationship, possibly of Magnoliid affinity	Dillhoffia cachensis
	†Princetonia	†Princetonia allenbyensis	Princeton Chert	A possibly aquatic magnoliopsid flower of uncertain affiliation.

Monocots

Pigg, Manchester, and DeVore (2023) gave brief descriptions of three monocots from Horsefly, labeling them as Monocot #1 (broad leaved), Monocot #2 (parallel veined), and Monocot #3 (parallel veined). They did not give any taxonomic possibilities for the affinities of the fossils.

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Alismataceae	†Heleophyton	†Heleophyton helobieoides	Princeton Chert	An aquatic or emergent water-plantain
Amaryllidaceae	†Paleoallium	†Paleoallium billgenseli	Princeton Republic	An onion relative	Paleoallium billgenseli
Aponogetonaceae	Aponogeton	†Aponogeton longispinosum	Princeton chert	A Cape-pondweed pollen
Araceae	†Keratosperma	†Keratosperma allenbyensis	Princeton Chert	An arum family member
	Orontium	†Orontium wolfei	Princeton Republic	A golden club	Orontium wolfei
Arecaceae	†Uhlia	Uhlia allenbyensis	Princeton Chert	A Coryphoid palm
Cyperaceae	Carex	Undescribed	Horsefly Quilchena	Sedge fruits Not described to species.
Poaceae	†Phragmites	Undescribed	Kettle River Princeton	grass family leaves of uncertain nature.
Potamogetonaceae	Potamogeton	Unidescribed	Kettle River	A possible Potamogeton species fruit. Not described to species
Smilacaceae	Smilax	Undescribed	Republic	A greenbrier species. Not Described
Typhaceae	Typha	Undescribed	Hat Creek Coal Republic	A cattail species. Not described
Cf. Iridaceae	†Pararisteapollis	†Pararisteapollis stockeyi	Princeton Chert	A possible iridaceous pollen morphotype
Incertae sedis	†Ethela	†Ethela sargentiana	Princeton chert	A cyperaceous or juncaceous poalean monocot
	†Soleredera	†Soleredera rhizomorpha	Princeton Chert	A lilialean genus of uncertain placement

Eudicots

"Basal eudicots"

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Menispermaceae	Calycocarpum	Undescribed	Republic	A moonseed Not described to species
Platanaceae	†Langeranthus	†Langeranthus dillhoffiorum	Republic	A plane tree relative fruiting head.
	†Langeria	†Langeria magnifica	Chu Chua McAbee Quilchena Republic	A plane tree relative. Formerly identified as "Corylus" macquarrii and then a witch-hazel relative.	Langeria magnifica
	†Macginicarpa	Undescribed	Horsefly Princeton Republic	A plane tree fruit taxon Not described to species	Macginicarpa species
	†Macginitiea	†Macginitiea gracilis	Horsefly McAbee Princeton Republic	A plane tree relative. First described at Horsefly as Aralia notata (Penhallow , 1902)	Macginitiea gracilis
		Undescribed	Driftwood Falkland Quilchena	sycamore relative leaves Not described to species
	†Platananthus	Undescribed	Republic	A sycamore stamen head Not described to species
	Undescribed	Undescribed	Horsefly	A Platanus like seed with dispersal hairs Not described to genus or species
Ranunculaceae	Clematis	Undescribed	Horsefly Republic	A Clematis Not described to species	Clematis species
Sabiaceae	Meliosma	Undescribed	Republic	A Meliosma species Not described to species
	Sabia	Undescribed	Republic	A Sabia species Not described to species
Schisandraceae	Kadsura	Undescribed	Republic	A kadsura species. Not described to species
Trochodendraceae	†Paraconcavistylon	†Paraconcavistylon wehrii	McAbee Republic	A Trochodendrale first described as "Concavistylon" wehrii moved to a new genus in 2020.
	†Pentacentron	†Pentacentron sternhartae	Republic	A Trochodendrale	Pentacentron sternhartae
	Tetracentron	†Tetracentron hopkinsii	Princeton Republic	A Trochodendrale, possibly the leaves of Pentacentron sternhartae	Tetracentron hopkinsii
		Unidentified	Falkland	Tetracentron leaves Not described to species
	Trochodendron	†Trochodendron drachukii	McAbee	A Trochodendron possibly the fruits of Trochodendron nastae
		†Trochodendron nastae	McAbee Republic	A Trochodendron Possibly the leaves of Trochodendron drachukii	Trochodendron nastae
		Unidentified	Falkland	Trochodendron fruits Not described to species
	†Zizyphoides	Undescribed	Driftwood Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic	A trochodendroid of uncertain placement. Leaves of the fruit taxon Nordenskioldia Not described to species.	Zizyphoides species
Trochodendraceae?	†Nordenskioldia	Undescribed	McAbee? Princeton Republic	A trochodendroid of uncertain placement. Not described to species.

"Superasterids"

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Aquifoliaceae	Ilex	Undescribed	Republic	A holly Not described to species
Araliaceae	Aralia	Undescribed	Republic	A spikenard species Not described.
	Cf. Aralia	Undescribed	McAbee?	A spikenard species foliage Not described.
	Cf. †Paleopanax	Undescribed	McAbee?	A spikenard species fruit Not described.
Bignoniaceae	Undescribed	Undescribed	Republic	A catalpa family member Not described	Bignoniaceae sp. fruit
Cornaceae	Cornus	Undescribed	Chu Chua McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	A dogwood species, Not described Leaves from Horsefly deemed not Cornus
Ebenaceae	Unidentified	"Diospyros" dawsonii	Chu Chua	A punitive persimmon relative.
Ericaceae	Arbutus	Undescribed	Republic	A madrone relative Not described to species
	Rhododendron	Undescribed	Republic	A Rhododendron Not described to species
	Cf. Rhododendron	Undescribed	McAbee	A genus close to Rhododendron Not described to species
	†Vaccinophyllum	†Vaccinophyllum quaestum	Princeton	An ericaceous leaf morphogenus
	Cf. Leucothoe	Undescribed	Republic	A doghobble relative Not described to species
Eucommiaceae	Eucommia	†Eucommia montana	Quilchena Republic	A "hard rubber tree" fruit	Eucommia montana
		†Eucommia rolandii	Quilchena	A "hard rubber tree" leaf
Garryaceae	Aucuba	Undescribed	Republic	An Aucuba Not described to species Host to Incurvariidae (Aff. Incurvaria) moth feeding
Hydrangeaceae	Hydrangea	Undescribed	Republic	A Hydrangea. Not described to species
	Philadelphus	Undescribed	Republic	A mock-orange Not described to species
Icacinaceae	†Palaeophytocrene	Unidentified	Quilchena Republic	A Phytocrene relative Not described to species
Nyssaceae	Diplopanax	†Diplopanax eydei	Princeton Chert	A tuplo relative.
	†Tsukada	†Tsukada davidiifolia	Princeton Republic	A dove-tree relative Host to Cecidomyiidae gall midges.	Tsukada davidiifolia
Oleaceae	Fraxinus	†Fraxinus eoemarginata	Quilchena	An ash species with notched samara apex.
		Cf. †Fraxinus rupinarum	Quilchena	An ash species with rounded samara apex.
		undescribed	McAbee	A possible ash relative. Not described to species due to preservation.
Schoepfiaceae?	Schoepfia?	†"Schoepfia" republicensis	Republic	A possible Schoepfia relative, First described as "Cornus acuminata.	Schoepfia republicensis
Theaceae	?Gordonia	Undescribed	Falkland Republic	Possible Gordonia fruits Not described to genus or species.	?Gordonia
	†Ternstroemites	"Species A"	McAbee Quilchena Republic	A theaceous species similar to Gordonia Not described to species Host to Cecidomyiidae gall midges.	Ternstroemites sp. "A"
		"Species B"	Falkland Republic	A theaceous species similar to Cleyera Not described to species	Ternstroemites sp. "B"

"Superrosids"

Fabids COM clade

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Elaeocarpaceae	Sloanea	Undescribed	Republic	An elaeocarpaceous fruit Not described to species	Sloanea sp.
Salicaceae	Populus	†Populus acuminatafolia	Chu chua	A cottonwood leaf species
		Undescribed	Driftwood McAbee Quilchena Republic	cottonwood leaves and branches Not described to species First identified as †Populus lindgreni at Republic
	Pseudosalix	Undescribed	Driftwood Republic	A willow relative Not described to species
	Salix	†Salix kamloopsiana	Kamloops	A willow species
		†Salix orbicularis	Quilchena	A willow leaf morphospecies
		†Salix tulameenensis	Princeton	A willow fruit morphospecies
		Undescribed	McAbee Princeton (pollen) Republic	A willow Not described to species
	Sapindus	Undescribed	Princeton	A soap berry leaf Not described to species
	Undescribed	Undescribed	Falkland	Possible Salicaceous leaves Not described to genus or species

Fabids nitrogen‑fixing clade

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Betulaceae	†Alnites	†Alnites curta	Quilchena Princeton	A betulaceous relative. Not listed by Pagg, Manchester, & DeVore (2023)
	Alnus	†Alnus cremastogynoides	Chu Chua	An alder.
		†Alnus crispoides	Chu Chua	An alder. Deemed nomen nudum by LaMotte (1952)
		†Alnus kefersteinii	Chu Chua	An alder.
		†Alnus parvifolia	Chu Chua Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	An alder. First described as Betula parvifolia (1926) Previously identified as A. corralina (pro part.), A. elliptica and Carpinus grandis (pro part.)	Alnus parvifolia
		Undescribed	Chu Chua Driftwood McAbee Princeton Quilchena	An alder species Not described to species
	Betula	†Betula leopoldae	Chu Chua Falkland McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	A birch species	Betula leopoldae
		Undescribed	Driftwood Falkland Kettle River Quilchena Tranquille	Birch leaves and cones Not described to species Leaves not found by Pigg, Manchester, & DeVore (2023)
	Carpinus	†Carpinus perryae	Republic	A hornbeam	Carpinus parryae
	Corylus	Corylus johnsonii	Republic	A hazel nut	Corylus johnsonii
		Unidentified	Falkland(?) Princeton	A hazel nut leaf morphospecies Not described to species
	†Corylites	Undescribed	Chu Chua Driftwood Horsefly Princeton Quilchena Republic	A hazel nut relative Not described to species
	†Palaeocarpinus	†Palaeocarpinus barksdaleae	Horsefly Republic	An extinct coryloid relative	Palaeocarpinus barksdaleae
		†Palaeocarpinus dentatus	Horsefly Quilchena Stump Lake Tranquille	An extinct coryloid relative. First described as Carpolithes dentatus
		†Palaeocarpinus stonebergae	Princeton	An extinct coryloid relative
		Undescribed	Driftwood McAbee Republic	Various Palaeocarpinus fruits Not described to species by modern studies formerly grouped under Carpolithes dentatus Horsefly specimens moved to P. barksdaleae (2023)	undescribed Palaeocarpinus species
	Cf. Corylus	Undescribed	McAbee (pollen)	A hazel nut Not described to species
	Undescribed	Undescribed	Hat Creek Coal	A betulaceous taxon Not described to species
Celtidaceae	Pteroceltis	Undescribed	Republic	A cannabaceous fruit Not described	Pteroceltis species fruit
Fagaceae	†Castaneophyllum	undescribed	Princeton Republic	An fagaceous morphogenus Not described to species
	†Dryophyllum	Undescribed	Quilchena	An extinct fagaceous leaf morphotype. Not described to species
	†Fagopsis	†Fagopsis longifolia	Princeton Tranquille	Moved from Planera longifolia by Hollick (1909) Horsefly specimens identified as F. undulata (2023)
		†Fagopsis undulata	Horsefly Princeton Republic	An extinct beech relative	Fagopsis undulata
		undescribed	Driftwood Horsefly	An extinct beech relative Not described to species
	Fagus	†Fagus langevinii	Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic	A beech	Fagus langevinii
		Undescribed	Chu Chua	A beech
	Quercus	†Quercus uglowi	Chu Chua	An oak leaf species
		undescribed	Driftwood Falkland Horsefly McAbee (pollen) Quilchena Princeton Republic	Various oak leaves and pollen Not described to species
	Cf. †Castaneophyllum	undescribed	Quilchena	An fagaceous morphogenus Not described to species
Juglandaceae	Carya	Carya dawsoni	Chu Chua	A punitive hickory First described as Hicoria dawsoni (1926)
		Carya stanleyanum	Chu Chua Quilchena	A punitive hickory First described as Dryophyllum stanleyanum (1895)
		Undescribed	Chu Chua McAbee (pollen) Quilchena Republic	A possible hickory Not described to species Not listed from Horsefly (2023)
	†Cruciptera	†Cruciptera simsonii	Republic	A walnut family relative.
	Juglans	Undescribed	McAbee (pollen) Princeton Quilchena Republic	A walnut family relative. Not described to species.
	Pterocarya	Undescribed	McAbee (pollen) Princetona Republic	A wingnut relative. Not described to species.
	Undescribed	Undescribed	Falkland	Juglandaceous leaves Not described to genus or species
Moraceae	Ficus?	Undescribed	Princeton	Fragmentary fig? leaves Not described
	Morus	Undescribed	Republic	A mulberry, two types known. Not described to species
	Cf. Morus	Undescribed	Horsefly	Fragmentary mulberry? leaves Not described
Myricaceae	Comptonia	†Comptonia columbiana	Falkland Kamloops McAbee Quilchena Princeton Republic	A comptonia species	Comptonia columbiana
		†Comptonia predryandroides	Chu Chua	A comptonia species
		†Comptonia quilchenensis	Quilchena	A comptonia species Described from a single poorly preserved leaf
		Undescribed	Chu Chua	A comptonia species not identified to species Possibly C. columbiana or C. predryandroides
	Myrica	†Myrica uglowi	Chu Chua	A bayberry species
		Undescribed	Horsefly?	A possible bayberry Not described to species Specimen was not mentioned by Pigg, Manchester, & DeVore (2023)
Polygalaceae	†Deviacer	†Deviacer wolfei	Horsefly	A milkwort relative.
		Undescribed	Falkland Quilchena Republic	A milkwort relative Not described to species Horsefly specimens moved to Deviacer wolfei (2023)	Deviacer species
Rhamnaceae	Ceanothus	Undescribed	Princeton	A ceanothus leaf Not described to species
	Paliurus	Undescribed	Princeton	A Paliurus leaf Not described to species
	Rhamnus	†Rhamnus quilchenensis	Horsefly? Quilchena	A buckthorn species. Horsefly specimens not mentioned by Pigg, Manchester, & DeVore (2023)
Rosaceae	Amelanchier	Undescribed	McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	A service berry Not described to species
	Crataegus	†Crataegus tranquillensis	Tranquille	A hawthorn leaf
		†Crataegus tulameensis	Princeton	A hawthorn fruit
	Cf. Crataegus	Undescribed	Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic	A hawthorn relative Not described to species Horsefly specimens not mentioned by Pigg, Manchester, & DeVore (2023)
	Cf. Hesperomeles	Undescribed	Horsefly	An Hesperomeles relative. Not described to genus or species
	?Holodiscus	Undescribed	Falkland	Possible oceanspray leaves Not described to species
	Kerria	Undescribed	Republic	A Japanese kerria species Not desribed to species.
	Malus	Cf. Malus idahoensis	Falkland	An apple Not described to species
	Aff. Malus	Undescribed	Republic	A maloid species possibly apple or pear Not described to specie
	Neviusia	†Neviusia dunthornei	Princeton	A snow-wreath
		Undescribed	Republic	A snow-wreath Not described to species
	Oemleria	†Oemleria janhartfordae	Republic	An Osoberry
	†Paleorosa	†Paleorosa similkameenensis	Princeton Chert	A rose family flower
	"Paraprunus"	Undescribed	Republic	An amygdaloid leaf morphotaxon Not described to genus/species Host to Cynipidae gall wasps The name "Paraprunus" is nomen nudum
	Photinia	†Photinia pageae	Falkland Horsefly Republic	A Christmas-berry relative	Photinia pagae
		Undescribed	Princeton	A Christmas-berry relative
	Aff. Physocarpus	Undescribed	Princeton Republic	A possible nine-bark Not described to species Possibly stem Neillieae
	Prunus	†Prunus allenbyensis	Princeton Chert	A prunoid wood.
		†Prunus cathybrownae	Republic	A cherry flower	Prunus cathybrownae
		"Princeton chert species 1"	Princeton Chert	A prunoid seed. Not described to species
		"Princeton chert species 2"	Princeton Chert	A prunoid seed. Not described to species
		"Princeton chert species 3"	Princeton Chert	A prunoid seed. Not described to species
		"Republic species 1"	Republic	A prunoid leaf. Not described to species
		"Republic species 2"	Republic	A prunoid leaf. Not described to species
		"Republic species 3"	Republic	A prunoid leaf. Not described to species
		undescribed	Chu Chua Falkland(?) Horsefly Princeton Quilchena	A prunoid leaf. Not described to species
	Cf. Prunus	undescribed	Falkland McAbee	Amygdaloid leaves and flowers of prunoid affinity. Not described to species
	Pyracantha	Undescribed	Republic	A firethorn sp. Tentative record, Not described to species.
	Pyrus	Undescribed	Horsefly	A pear Not described to species
	Cf. Pyrus	Undescribed	Republic	A maloid species possibly apple or pear Not described to species
	Rubus	Undescribed	Horsefly Princeton Republic	A blackberry Not described to species
	Sorbus?	†"Sorbus" decorifolia	Chu Chua	A punitive sorbus
	Aff. Sorbus	Undescribed	McAbee Princeton Republic	A rowan relative Not described to species.
	Aff. Spiraea	Undescribed	Falkland Princeton Republic	A bridal wreath Not described to species.
	†Stonebergia	†Stonebergia columbiana	Princeton	A sorbarieous genus	Stonebergia columbiana

Malvids

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Anacardiaceae	Rhus	†Rhus boothillensis	Republic	A sumac hybridized with the other Klondike Mountain Formation Rhus species	Rhus boothillensis
		†Rhus garwellii	Republic	A sumac with leaflets on short petiolules hybridized with the other Klondike Mountain Formation Rhus species	Rhus garwellii
		†Rhus malloryi	Falkland Republic	A sumac with leaflets on short petiolules hybridized with the other Klondike Mountain Formation Rhus species	Rhus malloryi
		†Rhus republicensis	Republic	A sumac with sessile leaflets hybridized with the other Klondike Mountain Formation Rhus species
		Undescribed	Falkland Horsefly McAbee? Quilchena Princeton	A sumac species Not described to species
	Cf. Schinus	Undescribed	Horsefly	A Peruvian pepper tree species. Not described to species
Burseraceae	†Barghoornia	†Barghoornia oblongifolia	Republic	An extinct Bursera relative	Barghoornia oblongifolia
Lythraceae	Decodon	†Decodon allenbyensis	Princeton Chert	A swamp loosestrife
		Undescribed	Princeton Republic	A swamp loosestrife Not described to species
Malvaceae	Craigia	†Craigia oregonensis	Princeton	A Craigia species
		Undescribed	Republic	A Craigia species Not described to species	Craigia sp.
	†Florissantia	†Florissantia quilchenensis	Falkland Horsefly McAbee Quilchena Republic	A Florissantia species	Florissantia quilchenensis
		Undescribed	Driftwood Princeton	A Florissantia species Not described to species Horsefly specimens identified ad F. quilchenensis (2023)
	Hibiscus	Undescribed	Republic	A hibiscus Not described to species
	†Plafkeria	Undescribed	Republic	A linden relative Not described to species Host to Cecidomyiidae gall midges.
	Tilia	†Tilia johnsoni	Republic	A Linden	Tilia johnsoni
		Undescribed	Princeton Quilchena Republic	A Linden relative Not described to species	Cf. Tilia fruits
Myrtaceae	†Paleomyrtinaea	†Paleomyrtinaea princetonensis	Princeton Chert	A Myrtaceous fruit
Simaroubaceae	†Ailanthophyllum	†Ailanthophyllum incertum	Tranquille	A leaf of simaroubaceous affinity.
Sapindaceae	Acer	Acer dubium	Horsefly	single fruit missing a seed. Provisionally named by Penhallow (1902) Deemed nomen nudum by LaMotte (1952) not mentioned by Pigg, Manchester, & DeVore (2023)
		†Acer hillsi	Republic	A maple samara.
		†Acer princetonense	Princeton	A maple samara morphospecies.
		†Acer republicense	Republic	A maple samara morphospecies.
		†Acer rousei	McAbee Princeton	A maple samara morphospecies.
		†Acer spitzi	Republic	A maple samara morphospecies.
		†Acer stewarti	McAbee Princeton	A maple leaf and samara species.
		†Acer stockeyae	Princeton	A maple samara morphospecies.
		†Acer stonebergae	Princeton Republic	A maple samara morphospecies.
		†Acer toradense	Princeton Republic	A maple samara morphospecies.
		†Acer washingtonense	Republic	A maple leaf and samara species.
		†Acer wehri	Chu Chua McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	A maple samara morphospecies.
		Undescribed	Chu Chua Driftwood Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena	Various maple leaves and seeds. Not described to species Leaves host to Cynipidae gall wasps
	Aesculus	Undescribed	Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic	A horse chestnut Not described to species. Possible nuts with a "hard and resisting shell" were reported by Penhallow (1908) from the Tulameen River.
	†Bohlenia	†Bohlenia americana	Falkland Republic	A soap berry genus	Bohlenia americana
		† Cf. Bohlenia insignis	Chu Chua	A soap berry genus First described as Myrica uglowi
		Undescribed	Falkland Quilchena	A soap berry genus Not described
	Dipteronia	†Dipteronia brownii	Chu Chua Driftwood Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic	A Dipteronia species	Dipteronia brownii
	Koelreuteria	†Koelreuteria dilcheri	Horsefly Republic	A Koelreuteria species	Koelreuteria dilcheri
		Undescribed		A Koelreuteria species
	†Wehrwolfea	†Wehrwolfea striata	Princeton Chert	A possible dodonaecous soapberry family flower
	Cf. Boniodendron	†"Koelreuteria" arnoldii	Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic	A sapindaceous species first described as a Koelreuteria species, considered Cf. Boniodendron by Wang et al. (2012).	"Koelreuteria" arnoldii
Ulmaceae	†Cedrelospermum	Undescribed	Horsefly Quilchena Republic	An elm relative Not described to species
	†Ulminium	†Ulminium columbianum	Kettle River	An elm wood species. Moved from Ulmus columbiana in 1922	Ulminium columbianum
	Ulmus	†Ulmus chuchuanus	Chu Chua Driftwoodd Falkland Quilchena Republic	An elm Originally named Ulmus columbianus Leaves and fruits first tentatively identified as Chaetaptelea and Zelkova	Ulmus chuchuanus
		†Ulmus okanaganensis	Chu Chua Driftwoodd Falkland McAbee Quilchena Republic	An elm	Ulmus okanaganensis
		†Ulmus protoamericana	Kettle River	An elm wood species.	Ulmus protoamericana
		†Ulmus protoracemosa	Kettle River	An elm wood species.	Ulmus protoracemosa
		Undescribed	Driftwood Falkland Horsefly Princeton Quilchena	Various Elm leaves or fruits Not described to species

Saxifragales and basal Superrosids

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Cercidiphyllaceae	Cercidiphyllum	†Cercidiphyllum obtritum	Princeton Republic	A katsura with suggested affinity to †Joffrea, First described as "Populus" obtrita	Cercidiphyllum obtritum
	Unidentified	Unidentified	Chu Chua Driftwood Falkland McAbee Princeton Quilchena	A katsura relative with suggested affinity to †Joffrea or †Nyssydium Horsefly specimens listed as Trochodendroides (2023)	undescribed Cercidiphyllaceous fruits
	†Jenkinsella	Undescribed	Horsefly	A katsura fruit with suggested affinity to †Joffrea or †Nyssydium
	†Trochodendroides	Undescribed	Horsefly	A katsura leaf with suggested affinity to †Joffrea or †Nyssydium
Grossulariaceae	Ribes	Undescribed	Princeton Chert	A current fruit Not described
		Undescribed	Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic	A current Not described to species Two morphotypes present at Republic
Hamamelidaceae	Corylopsis	†Corylopsis reedae	Republic	A winter-hazel	Corylopsis reedae
		Undescribed	Princeton Quilchena	A winter-hazel Not described to species
	Fothergilla	†Fothergilla malloryi	Princeton Republic	A witch alder	Fothergilla malloryi
Iteaceae	Itea	Undescribed	Republic	A Virginia willow species Not described to species.
	Cf. Itea	undescribed	Falkland	A Virginia willow-like leaf Not described to genus or species.
Vitaceae	Ampelocissus	†"Ampelocissus" similkameenensis	Princeton Chert	A grape family fruit of uncertain generic placement
	incertae sedis	"Type 1"	Princeton Chert	A grape family fruit of uncertain generic placement Not described
		"Type 2"	Princeton Chert	A grape family fruit of uncertain generic placement Not described
	Unidentified	Unidentified	Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic	Vitoideae leaves/seeds In the Ampelocissus/Cissus/Vitis group Not described to species

Incertae sedis

Family	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Incertae sedis	†Averrhoites	Undescribed	Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Republic	A leaf morphotype of uncertain affiliation Not described to species
incertae sedis	†Calycites	†Calycites ardtunensis	Republic	A winged fruit of unidentified affinities	Calycites ardtunensis
Incertae sedis	†Chaneya	†Chaneya tenuis	McAbee Princeton	A sapindalean flower of uncertain affiliations	Chaneya tenuis
Incertae sedis	†Eorhiza	†Eorhiza arnoldii	Princeton Chert	A semi-aquatic dicot of uncertain affinity.
Incertae sedis	†Lagokarpos	†Lagokarpos lacustris	Horsefly	A fruit of uncertain affiliation
Incertae sedis	†Pistillipollenites	†Pistillipollenites macgregorii	Horsefly	A palynomorph uncertain affiliation produced by Pistillipollianthus wilsoni flowers.
Incertae sedis	†Pistillipollianthus	†Pistillipollianthus wilsoni	Horsefly	A flower of uncertain affiliation producer of the Pistillipollenites macgregorii palynomorph.
Incertae sedis	†Pteroheterochrosperma	†Pteroheterochrosperma horseflyensis	Horsefly McAbee Republic	A winged fruit of uncertain affinity First placed as Ulmus minuta by Penhallow (1908) Also found in the Kishenehn Formation	Pteroheterochrosperma horseflyensis
incertae sedis	†Pteronepelys	†Pteronepelys wehrii	Republic	A samara of uncertain affinities.	Pteronepelys wehrii
incertae sedis	†Republica	†Republica hickeyi	Republic	An incertae sedis angiosperm possibly of hamamelid affiliations	Republica hickeyi
Incertae sedis	incertae sedis	†"Acer" negundifolium (Dawson) LaMotte (1952)	Stump Lake	Leaf fragments of a "problematic nature" First named Acerites negundifolium (1891) Wolfe and Tanai (1986) rejected the placement in Acer

Fungi

A number of fungi have been preserved within the Princeton Chert, though only three have been formally described as of 2024. The first instance of ectomycorrhizae in the fossil record was reported by LePage et al. (1997) who documented mycorrhizal rootlets associated with Pinus roots.

Order	Genus	species	Sites	Notes	Images
Dothideales	†Palaeoserenomyces	†Palaeoserenomyces allenbyensis	Princeton Chert	An ascomycetan fungus on the host palm Uhlia allenbyensis
Jahnulales	Xylomyces	undescribed	Princeton Chert	A jahnulalean fungi. Noted to be similar to Xylomyces giganteus. In situ decomposer of Eorhiza arnoldii
Microascales	Culcitalna	undescribed	Princeton Chert	A microascalean fungi. Noted to be similar to Culcitalna achraspora. In situ decomposer of Eorhiza arnoldii
	Thielaviopsis	undescribed	Princeton Chert	A microascalean fungi. Noted to be similar to Thielaviopsis basicola. In situ decomposer of Eorhiza arnoldii
Pleosporales	†Cryptodidymosphaerites	†Cryptodidymosphaerites princetonensis	Princeton Chert	An ascomycetan fungus hosted on Uhlia allenbyensis
	†Monodictysporites	†Monodictysporites princetonensis	Princeton Chert	An ascomycotan fungus hosted on Dennstaedtiopsis aerenchymata
Undescribed	Undescribed	Undescribed	Princeton chert	Ectomycorrhizae associated with Pinus roots Similar to the modern genera Rhizopogon and Suillus

Taxa of uncertain modern identification

A number of taxa identified or described by Penhallow (1902, 1906, 1908) and Berry (1926) have not received much or any modern attention, resulting in uncertainty of taxon affiliation, identification, or synonymy. Many late 1800's to early 1900's identifications of Okanagan highlands fossils were made based on geologic age assumptions ranging between the Miocene to Pliocene, and often specimens were grouped into species bins for taxa first described from Europe.

Family	Species	Reporting Author	Sites	Notes	Images
Adoxaceae	†"Viburnum antiquum" (Newberry) Hollick	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua	First named as a viburnum leaf morphotype British Columbian specimens rejected from species by Manchester 2002
	†Viburnum dentoni Lesquereux	Penhallow, 1908	Tranquille	A viburnum leaf morphotype
Araliaceae	Aralia acerifolia Lesquereux	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Fragmentary leaves. jr synonym of Macginitiea nobilis.
	Aralia notata Lesquereux	Penhallow, 1902	Horsefly Quilchena Tulameen (Princeton)	Fragmentary leaves. jr synonym of Macginitiea nobilis.
Betulaceae	Alnus alaskana Newberry	Penhallow, 1908	Tulameen (Princeton)	Fragmentary leaves Type locality Kootznahoo islands, Alaska (Miocene?)
	Alnus carpinoides Lesquereux	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly Tranquille (Princeton)	Fragmentary leaves Type locality Bridge Creek, Oregon (Miocene?)
	Alnus serrulata fossilis Newberry	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Fragmentary leaves "Miocene of Western North America"
	Betula angustifolia Newberry	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Leaves. Type locality Bridge Creek, Orgeon
	Betula heterodonta Newberry	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena Tulameen (Princeton)	Leaves and one possible cone. Type locality Bridge Creek, Oregon
	Betula macrophylla Göppert	Penhallow, 1908	Tulameen (Princeton)	Fragmetary leaves with cones. Type locality Europe
	Betula stevensoni Lesquereux	Penhallow, 1902	Horsefly Similkameen	Fragmentary leaves Type locality Laramie, Wyoming
	Carpinus grandis Unger ex Heer	Dawson, 1890	Quilchena Similkameen Stump Lake Tranquille Tulameen
	Corylus americana walt	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly Quilchena Tranquille	A hazel nut
Cercidiphyllaceae	†Cercidiphyllum arcticum	Dawson, 1879	Chu Chua Horsefly Quilchena Princeton	A katsura leaf morphotype Moved from Trochodendroides arctica (1926) Also includes: "Grewia crenata" of Penhallow (1908) "Populus arctica" of Penhallow (1908) "Populus daphnogenoides" of Dawson (1891) "Populus genatrix" of Penhallow (1908) Populus rotundifolia of Penhallow (1908)
	Jenkinsella arctica (Heer) Golovneva & Alekseev	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua	A katsura like fruit morphospecies Moved from Leguminosites arachioides IncludesLeguminosites borealis, (illegitimate jr syn)
Cornaceae	†Cornophyllum nebrascensis (Schimper) McIver & Basinger	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	A punitive dogwood relative First reported as "Cornus newberryi"
	†Cornus suborbifera Lesquereux?	Penhallow, 1908	Princeton Quilchena	A dogwood
Cupressaceae	†Thuja interrupta Newberry	Penhallow, 1908	Princeton Quilchena	Type locality Fort Union Formation, North Dakota An arborvite species
Cyperaceae	†Cyperacites haydenii	Penhallow, 1907	Kettle River	A monocot of uncertain affinity
Ericaceae	Andromeda delicatula Lesquereux	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Two Ericaceae? leaves Type locality Green River Formation
Fagaceae	†Castanea castanaefolia (Unger) Knowlton	Penhallow, 1902	Horsefly	Fragmentary leaves.
	†Castanea intermedia? Lesquereux	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Single fragmentary specimen
	†Castanopsis perplexa (Knowlton) Brown	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Single fragmentary specimen Specimen published as Salix perplexa
	†Quercus castanopsis Newberry	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Type locality Fort Union Formation, Montana An oak leaf morphotype.
	†Quercus consimilis Newberry	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Type locality Bridge Creek Flora, Orgeon An oak leaf morphotype.
	†Quercus dallii Lesquereux	Dawson, 1891	Princeton	Type locality Cook Inlet, Alaska An oak leaf morphotype.
	†Quercus groenlandica Heer	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua	Type locality Greenland
	†Quercus penhallowi Trelease	Penhallow, 1908	Princeton	Type locality Fort Union Formation, North Dakota An oak leaf morphotype. First identified under the homonym Quercus laurifolia (Newberry)
Ginkgoaceae	†Ginkgo digitata (Brongn.) Heer	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	A ginkgo leaf mophospecies.
Juglandaceae	†Carya antiquorum Newberry	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly Quilchena Tranquille	A Carya leaf morphospecies
	†Juglans nigella Heer	Dawson, 1876	Horsefly	Type locality Cook Inlet, Alaska A walnut leaf morphospecies.
	†Juglans occidentalis Newberry	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly	Type locality Green River Formation, Wyoming A walnut leaf morphospecies.
	†Juglans rhamnoides Lesquereux	Penhallow, 1908	Tranquille	Type locality Evanston, Utah A walnut leaf morphospecies.
Lauraceae	†Cinnamomum affine Lesquereux	Dawson, 1890	Horsefly Princeton Tranquille	A cinnamon leaf morphospecies
Malvaceae	†Pterospermites alaskana Knowlton	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua	Type locality Keni Formation A leaf morphospecies of possible sterculioid affinity
Moraceae	Ficus asarifolia? Ettingshausen	Penhallow, 1908	Princeton	Type locality Most Basin Bílina Czech Republic A possible fig leaf morphospecies.
	Ficus asiminaefolia Lesquereux	Penhallow, 1908	Princeton Tranquille	Type locality "Rock Corral", California A possible fig leaf morphospecies.
	Ficus decandolleana Heer	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Type locality Monod, Switzerland A possible fig leaf morphospecies.
	Ficus populina Heer	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly Princeton	Type locality Monod, Switzerland A possible fig leaf morphospecies.
	Ficus ungeri Lesquereux	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Type locality Green River Formation, Whyoming A possible fig leaf morphospecies.
Musaceae	Musophyllum complicatum Lesquereux	Penhallow, 1908 Berry, 1926	Chu Chua Princeton	A monocot morphogenus
Myricaceae	†Comptonia dryandroides Unger	Penhallow, 1908	Princeton Quilchena	A Comptonia leaf morphospecies
	†Comptonia partita (Lesquereux) Berry	Penhallow, 1908	Princeton	A Comptonia leaf morphospecies Possibly closely allied to C. columbiana
	†Myrica (?) personata Knowlton	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly	Type locality Fossil, Oregon A bayberry species
Onocleaceae	†Onoclea hebridica (Forbes) Bell	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly	Type locality Isle of Mull, UK A bead fern Listed as "Onoclea sensibilis" sensu Newberry
Osmundaceae	†Osmunda heeri Gaudin	Penhallow, 1908	Princeton	Type locality Rivaz, Switzerland A royal fern
Pinaceae	†Pinus lardyana Heer	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Type locality Switzerland A pine cone morphospecies
Poaceae	†Phragmites alaskana Heer	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua	A grass/sedge leaf morphogenus
	†Poacites tenuistriatus Heer	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua	A grass/sedge leaf morphogenus
Potamogetonaceae	Potamogeton (?) verticillatus Lesquereux	Penhallow, 1908	Princeton	Type locality Florissant, Colorado A punitive Potamogeton leaf morphospecies.
Rhamnaceae	†Rhamnus belmontensis Knowlton & Cockerell	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly Quilchena	Type locality Laramie, Colorado A buckthorn species First identified under the homonym Rhamnus elegans Newberry
	†Rhamnus eridani Unger	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly Quilchena	Type locality Disco Island, Greenland, A buckthorn species
	†Rhamnus gaudini Heer	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Type locality Switzerland, A buckthorn species
Rosaceae	†Prunus (?) merriami Knowlton	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Type locality Mascall Formation, Oregon A punitive cherry leaf morphospecies
Rutaceae	†Zanthoxylum spireaefolium Lesquereux	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Type locality Florissant, Colorado A rutaceous leaf morphospecies
Salicaceae	†Populus cordata Newberry	Penhallow, 1908	Princeton Quilchena	Type locality Fort Union Formation, Montana A cottonwood leaf morphotype.
	†Populus latior Braun	Dawson, 1879	Princeton Horsefly	Type locality Europe A cottonwood leaf morphotype. Includes one subspecies P. l. cordifolia.
	†Populus mutabilis crenata Heer	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena Tranquille	Type locality Switzerland A cottonwood leaf morphotype.
	†Populus polymorpha Newberry	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Type locality Bridge Creek, Oregon A cottonwood leaf morphotype.
	†Populus zaddachi Heer	Penhallow, 1908	Princeton Tranquille	Type locality Samland, Russia A cottonwood leaf morphotype.
	†Salix varians Goeppert	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly Tranquille	Type locality Europe A willow species
Sapindaceae	†Acer chaneyi Knowlton	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly	Type locality Mascall Formation, Oregon A single incomplete leaf. First identified as Acer trilobatum productum (Braun) Heer
Taxaceae	†Taxites olriki Heer	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Type locality Atanekerdluk, Greenland A yew needle morphospecies.
Typhaceae	†Typha lesquereuxi Cockerell	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly Princeton Tranquille	Type locality Florissant, Colorado A cattail morphospecies
Ulmaceae	†Planera lingualis Knowlton & Cockerell	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly	Type locality Fort Union Formation, Wyoming A planera species First identified under the homonym Planera crenata (Newberry)
	†Ulmus minuta Goeppert	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly Princeton	Type locality Germany An elm species
	†Ulmus speciosa Newberry	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly Quilchena	Type locality Bridge Creek, Oregon An elm species
	†Ulmus tenuinervis Lesquereux	Penhallow, 1908	Tranquille	Type locality Middle Park, Colorado An elm species
Vitaceae	†Vitis alaskana Cockerell?	Penhallow, 1908	Quilchena	Type locality Admiralty Inlet, Alaska A grape leaf morphospecies Tentatively identified under the homonym Vitis rotundifolia (Newberry)
	†Vitis olriki Heer?	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly	Type locality Atanekerdluk, Greenland A grape leaf morphospecies Tentatively identified under the homonym Vitis rotundifolia (Newberry)
Incertae sedis	†"Acer" grahamensis Knowlton & Cockerell	Berry, 1926	Chu Chua Princeton Stump Lake	Type locality Port Graham, Alaska Fragmentary leaf fossils rejected from Acer by Wolfe & Tanai (1986) First identified as Acer macropterum (Heer)
	†Leguminosites arachioides Lesquereux	Penhallow, 1908	Horsefly Princeton	Type locality is Evanston, Wyoming A fruit of uncertain family affinity