India has both private and public universities, many of which are supported by the Government of India and the state governments. Apart from these there are private universities supported by various bodies and societies. Universities in India are recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which draws its power from the University Grants Commission Act, 1956.[1] In addition, 15 Professional Councils are established, controlling different aspects of accreditation and coordination.[2]
The types of universities controlled by the UGC include:
- Central universities, or Union universities are established by Act of Parliament and are under the purview of the Department of Higher Education in the Union Human Resource Development Ministry.[3] The UGC lists 44 central universities.[4] However, as Central University of Jammu has not started operating as of June 2011[update],[5] there are, in effect, 43.
- State universities are run by the state government of each of the states and territories of India, and are usually established by a local legislative assembly act. As of 30 November 2011[update], the UGC lists 285 state universities.[6] The oldest establishment date listed by the UGC is 1857, shared by the University of Mumbai, the University of Madras and the University of Calcutta.
- Deemed university, or "Deemed-to-be-University", is a status of autonomy granted by the Department of Higher Education on the advice of the UGC, under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956.[7] The UGC list from 23 June 2008 lists 130 deemed universities.[8] According to this list, the first institute to be granted deemed university status was Indian Institute of Science which was granted this status on 12 May 1958. Note that in many cases, the same listing by the UGC covers several institutes. For example, the listing for Homi Bhabha National Institute covers the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research and other institutes.[9]
- Private universities are approved by the UGC. They can grant degrees but they are not allowed to have off-campus affiliated colleges. The UGC list of private universities from 10 February 2012 lists 106 private universities.[10]
Apart from the above universities, other institutions are granted the permission to autonomously award degrees. However, they do not affiliate colleges and are not officially called "universities" but "autonomous organizations" or "autonomous institutes". They fall under the administrative control of the Department of Higher Education.[11] These organizations include the Indian Institutes of Technology, the National Institutes of Technology, the Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research, the Indian Institutes of Management (though these award diplomas, not degrees)[12] and other autonomous institutes. These institutes are not listed below. Also not listed are institutes which are under the control of the professional councils, without approval of the UGC. One example is Agricultural Universities, which are under the control of the Agricultural Education Division of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), one of the professional councils.[13] The ICAR lists 47 such institutes,[14] 37 of which are also recognized by the UGC and are listed below.
Universities by state and type
edit| State | Central universities |
State universities |
Deemed universities |
Private universities |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh (list) | 3 | 32 | 7 | 0 | 42 |
| Arunachal Pradesh (list) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Assam (list) | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 8 |
| Bihar (list) | 1 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 17 |
| Chandigarh (list) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Chhattisgarh (list) | 1 | 10 | 0 | 4 | 15 |
| Delhi (list) | 6 | 5 | 11% | 0 | 22% |
| Goa (list) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Gujarat (list) | 1 | 18 | 2 | 9 | 30 |
| Haryana (list) | 1 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 21 |
| Himachal Pradesh (list) | 1 | 4 | 0 | 12 | 17 |
| Jammu and Kashmir (list) | 1‡ | 6 | 0 | 0 | 7‡ |
| Jharkhand (list) | 1 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 11 |
| Karnataka (list) | 1 | 22 | 15 | 2 | 40 |
| Kerala (list) | 1 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 14 |
| Madhya Pradesh (list) | 2 | 15 | 3 | 6 | 26 |
| Maharashtra (list) | 1 | 19 | 21 | 0 | 41 |
| Manipur (list) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Meghalaya (list) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 8 |
| Mizoram (list) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Nagaland (list) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| Orissa (list) | 1 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 16 |
| Pondicherry (list) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Punjab (list) | 1 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 13 |
| Rajasthan (list) | 1 | 14 | 8 | 24 | 47 |
| Sikkim (list) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5 |
| Tamil Nadu (list) | 2 | 24 | 29 | 0 | 55 |
| Tripura (list) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Uttar Pradesh (list) | 4 | 23 | 10 | 16 | 53 |
| Uttarakhand (list) | 1 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 17 |
| West Bengal (list) | 1 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 22 |
| Total | 43‡ | 285 | 129% | 106 | 563 |
‡ Does not include Central University of Jammu which has not started operating.[5]
% Does not include the National School of Drama which changed status on 7 October 2011, and its current status is unclear.[15] Its current status is unclear.
Universities by type
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ "University Grants Commission Act, 1956" (PDF). Union Human Resource Development Ministry. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "::: Professional Councils-Inside H E – University Grants Commission :::". ugc.ac.in. University Grants Commission. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
- ^ "Higher Education". education.nic.in. Union Human Resource Development Ministry. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
- ^ "Central Universities". ugc.ac.in. University Grants Commission. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
- ^ a b Watts, Archit (10 June 2011). "Central University of Jammu Local to be appointed VC soon, says minister". tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
- ^ "List of State Universities" (PDF). University Grants Commission. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
- ^ "Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IISST) Thiruvanathapuram Declared as Deemed to be University". Union Human Resource Development Ministry, Press Information Bureau. 14 July 2008. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ ":::Deemed University – University Grants Commission :::". ugc.ac.in. University Grants Commission. 23 June 2008. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
- ^ "Listing of Homi Bhabha National Institute as deemed university". ugc.ac.in. University Grants Commission. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ ":::Private Universities – University Grants Commission :::". ugc.ac.in. University Grants Commission. 10 February 2012. Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^ "Autonomous Bodies – Higher Education". education.nic.in. Union Human Resource Development Ministry. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
- ^ Mathang Seshagiri (1 May 2011). "It's time IIMs give degree, not diploma: Panel". articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Times of India.
- ^ "Agricultural Education Division | Indian Council of Agricultural Research". icar.org.in. Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
- ^ "Universities | Indian Council of Agricultural Research". icar.org.in. Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
- ^ "NSD loses deemed varsity status on own request". The Hindu. 7 October 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
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