Poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) (variously abbreviated PPFPA, PolyPFPA, PPfpA, or PolyPfpA) is a highly fluorinated polymer. It features the pentafluorophenyl ester functionality, from which its properties and applications result. It is most commonly used in post-polymerization modification to synthesize functional polyacrylamides or polyacrylates.[1] As such, it is advantageous to poly(N-acryloyl succinimide) due to its broader solubility in organic solvents as well as its higher stability towards hydrolysis.[citation needed]
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| Identifiers | |
|---|---|
PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| (C9H3F5O2)n | |
| Molar mass | variable |
| Appearance | white solid |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Synthesis
editCommonly poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) is synthesized by free radical polymerization of the monomer pentafluorophenyl acrylate.[2]
Synthesis of PPFPA
Additionally, pentafluorophenyl acrylate can be successfully polymerized by RAFT polymerization yield homopolymers, copolymers, or block copolymers.[3]
It has been shown that poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) can also be prepared by pulsed plasma deposition.[4]
Chemical properties
editReactivity
editPoly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) is a polymeric active ester and hence features an inherent reactivity towards nucleophiles such as amines.[5] It is therefore used in the preparation of polyacrylamides by reacting it with amines.
Post-polymerization modification of PPFPA
Poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) can also be used in a transesterification by reacting it with alcohols when auxiliary DMAP and DMF are used, allowing for the synthesis of polyacrylate homopolymers and copolymers.[5]
Transesterification of PPFPA
Low refractive index polymers
editPolymers are known for featuring low refractive indices typically in the range from 1.3 to 1.8, with fluorinated polymers exhibiting refractive indices in the range from 1.3 to 1.4. As such, poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) has been explored as a crosslinkable cladding for optical fibers when copolymerized with glycidyl methacrylate.[6]
Applications
editPoly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) finds application in the synthesis of functional polymers by post-polymerization modification.[7] Applications of the resulting polyacrylamides can be found in drug delivery, functional surfaces, and nanoparticles.
References
edit- ^ Xue, Wenwen; Mutlu, Hatice; Theato, Patrick (2020-05-05). "Post-polymerization modification of polymeric active esters towards TEMPO containing polymers: A systematic study". European Polymer Journal. 130: 109660. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109660. ISSN 0014-3057. S2CID 216229680.
- ^ Mark Eberhardt; Ralf Mruk; Rudolf Zentel; Patrick Theato (2005). "Synthesis of pentafluorophenyl(meth)acrylate polymers: New precursor polymers for the synthesis of multifunctional materials". European Polymer Journal. 41: 1569–1575. doi:10.1016/J.EURPOLYMJ.2005.01.025. ISSN 0014-3057. Wikidata Q112792308.
- ^ Marc Eberhardt; Patrick Theato (23 September 2005). "RAFT Polymerization of Pentafluorophenyl Methacrylate: Preparation of Reactive Linear Diblock Copolymers". Macromolecular Rapid Communications. 26 (18): 1488–1493. doi:10.1002/MARC.200500390. ISSN 1022-1336. Wikidata Q57352340.
- ^ Noël, Caroline (2009). Plasma polymerisation: study and application (Doctoral thesis). Durham University.
- ^ a b Anindita Das; Patrick Theato (25 August 2015). "Activated Ester Containing Polymers: Opportunities and Challenges for the Design of Functional Macromolecules". Chemical Reviews. 116 (3): 1434–1495. doi:10.1021/ACS.CHEMREV.5B00291. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 26305991. Wikidata Q57358055.
- ^ EP 0932844, Robertsson, Mats; Hult, Anders & Pitois, Claire, "Optical guide", published 2006-05-24, assigned to Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
- ^ Theato, Patrick; Klok, Harm-Anton (2012). Functional Polymers by Post-Polymerization Modification - Concepts, Guidelines, and Applications. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 9783527331154.