Mood Congruent Memory
editMood congruent memory occurs when an individual’s mood at the time of learning matches their current mood, resulting in a better memory performance during retrieval. An example of this theory would be that, when a person is happy they are more likely to remember happy events. Being depressed can taint memories by priming negative associations, which are then used to explain our current moods[1]. Not only are human’s storing events during the time of memory storage, but they are also storing the memory they were in at the time of the event[2]. Under this concept, one would need to get into the mood they were in at the time of encoding to better remember a past experience. Emotions that accompany positive or negative events can then become retrieval cues[1].
Mood Congruent Memory Bias in Depression
editIn some studies, individuals who are currently depressed recalled their parents as rejecting, punitive, and guilt promoting, and people who had been formerly depressed had recollections resembling the more positive descriptions similar to those participants who had never suffered from depression[1]. This serves as evidence that your current mood can affect the type of memories you recall. Depressive mood-congruent memory bias is thought by many researchers to contribute to the onset and maintenance of depressed mood, and depression can serve as a vicious cycle because an individual will recall a sad event which will keep them in a bad mood, and then lead to further recall of negative events.
Studies have shown that both explicit and implicit memory can be affected by mood-congruent memory, especially in cases of depression[3]. Explicit memory is information that you have to consciously remember and implicit memory is information that is effortlessly and unconsciously known[4]. There is less research in the field of explicit memory mood congruent biases, but the studies that have been conducted have yielded results displaying a bias. Individuals with major depressive disorder tend to show preferential recall of negative information, and the non-depressed, control participants tended to recall more positive explicit information[3]. The mood congruent memory bias in explicit memory has been found to be more pronounced among individuals with clinical presentations of depressed moods[3]. In implicit memory, there is more research on the effects of depression on recall. Depressed moods have been found to be associated with an improvement in implicit memory recall of negative information, and the participants who were not depressed were associated with an improved recall of positive information[3].
- ^ a b c Meyers, David (2012). Psychology in Modules. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. p. 332. ISBN 1464102619.
- ^ "Mood-Congruent Memory". Psychology Glossary. Alley Dog.
- ^ a b c d Gaddy, Melinda; Ingram, Rick (July 2014). "A meta-analytic review of mood-congruent implicit memory in depressed mood". Clinical Psychology Review. 34 (4): 402. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.06.001.
{{cite journal}}: More than one of|pages=and|page=specified (help) - ^ Cherry, Kendra. "Implicit and Explicit Memory". About.Com.