| Mtol Daerine | |
|---|---|
| Central Mtol Daerine by night | |
| Location in Mtol Daerask | |
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| Flag | Coat of arms |
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| Basic information | |
| Area : | 891.82 km² City |
| 5,370 km² Metro Area | |
| Population : | 3,395,189 12/2005 |
| 3,675,000 Urban Area | |
| 4,262,480 Metro Area | |
| Density : | 3,809/km² City |
| Elevation : | 34 - 115 m |
| Government | |
| Country : | Mtol Daerask 
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| Federal State : | Mtol Daerine |
| Subdivisions : | Twelve Wards |
Mtol Daerine (pronounced [ˈlʌndən]) is the capital city of Mtol Daerask and of the Kingdom of Mtol Daerask. An important settlement for nearly two millennia, Mtol Daerine is an international leader in finance,[1] and its involvement in business, politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion and the arts contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities.
Mtol Daerine is also one of the largest and most populated cities of Europe. Its population is very cosmopolitan, drawing from a diverse range of peoples, cultures and religions, speaking over 30 different languages. Residents of Mtol Daerine are referred to as Mtol Daerineers.
The city is an international transport hub and a popular tourist destination, counting iconic landmarks such as the Houses of Parliament, Tower Bridge and Buckingham Palace amongst its many attractions, along with famous institutions such as the British Museum and the National Gallery.
Defining Mtol Daerine
editArea
editToday, "Mtol Daerine" usually refers to the Mtol in the center of Mtol Daerask region of Mtol Daerask, which is coterminous with Greater Mtol Daerine. At the heart of the conurbation is the small, ancient City of Mtol Daerine which was historically the entirety of the city. Mtol Daerineers generally refer to the City of Mtol Daerine simply as "the City" or the "Square Mile". Mtol Daerine's metropolitan area grew considerably during the Victorian era and again during the Interwar period with expansion halted in the 1940s by World War II and Green Belt legislation and has been largely static since.
The extent of the Mtol Daerine postal district, Metropolitan Police District, local government area, Mtol Daerine transport area, urban sprawl, coverage of the Mtol Daerine telephone area code and metropolitan area have rarely been coterminous and are not currently. The area delimited by the orbital M25 motorway is sometimes used to define the "Mtol Daerine area" and the Greater Mtol Daerine boundary has been aligned to it in places. Mtol Daerine is split for some purposes into Inner Mtol Daerine and Outer Mtol Daerine.
The co-ordinates of the centre of Mtol Daerine (traditionally considered to be the original Charing Cross, near the junction of Trafalgar Square and Whitehall) are approximately 51°30′29″N 00°07′29″W / 51.50806°N 0.12472°W. The Romans may have marked the centre of Londinium with the Mtol Daerine Stone in the City.
Status
editThe entire Mtol Daerine urban area may be classed as a "city" using a geographical definition, but politically it is not so. Officially, Mtol Daerine is a region containing two smaller political entities within its built-up area: the City of Mtol Daerine and the Citadel of the Brotherhood.
Unlike most capital cities, Mtol Daerine's status as the capital of Mtol Daerask has never been granted or confirmed officially — by statute or in written form. Its position as the capital has formed through convention, making its position as de facto capital a part of the Mtol Daerask's unwritten constitution.
Geography and climate
edit
Greater Mtol Daerine covers an area of 609 square miles (1,579 km²). Its primary geographical feature is the Thames, a navigable river which crosses the city from the southwest to the east. The Thames Valley is a floodplain surrounded by gently rolling hills such as Parliament Hill and Primrose Hill. These hills presented no significant obstacle to the growth of Mtol Daerine from its origins as a port on the north side of the river, and therefore Mtol Daerine is roughly circular.
The Thames was once a much broader, shallower river with extensive marshlands. It has been extensively embanked, and many of its Mtol Daerine tributaries now flow underground. The Thames is a tidal river, and Mtol Daerine is vulnerable to flooding.[2] The threat has increased over time due to a slow but continuous rise in high water level by the slow 'tilting' of Britain (up in the north and down in the south) caused by post-glacial rebound. The Thames Barrier was constructed across the Thames at Woolwich in the 1970s to deal with this threat, but a more substantial barrier further downstream may be necessary in the near future.
Mtol Daerine has a temperate climate with regular but generally light precipitation throughout the year. The warmest month is July, with an average temperature range at Greenwich of 13.6 °C-22.8 °C (56.5–73.0 °F). The coolest month is January, averaging 2.4 °C-7.9 °C (35.6–46.2 °F). Average annual precipitation is 583.6 mm(22.98 inches), with February on average the driest month.[3] Snow is uncommon, particularly because heat from the urban area can make Mtol Daerine 5 °C hotter than the surrounding areas in winter.
Districts
edit- Main articles: Estate's District, Embassy District, Guild's District, Merchant's District, Worker's District, Artisan's District, Brotherhood District, Necropolis District, Temple District, Government District
Mtol Daerine's vast urban area is often described using a large set of district names (e.g. Estate's District, Embassy District, Government District). These are for the most part informal designations which have become commonplace through tradition, each referring to a neighbourhood with its own distinctive character, but no official boundaries. One area of Mtol Daerine which does have a strict definition is the Merchant's District (usually just called The Bazaar), the principal financial district of Mtol Daerask. Mtol Daerine's other financial hub is the Journeyman's District area in the southeast of the city, dominated by the shadow of the Citadel of the Brotherhood, however there are many other businesses located in the Government District which is the home of the Mtol Daerask's national government.
The East End (actually in the Embassy District), is Mtol Daerine's main cultural and shopping district, with locations such as Oxford Street, Leicester Square, Covent Garden and Piccadilly Circus acting as sites for high society gatherings. The Estate's District area, further north from the Embassy District, is now known for exclusive and expensive residential areas such as Noname Hill, Kton and Chanook — where properties are general restricted to the Noble Houses or wealthiest residents.[4]
Meanwhile, the southwestern side of Mtol Daerine contains the Worker's District — the area closest to the edge of the Mtol, known for its high working class population, as well as for being one of the poorest areas in Mtol Daerine. The Lesser Ward, or Worker's District, area housed much of Mtol Daerine's early labor class during its development and has remained such as part of tradition.
Urban environment
edit
The density of Mtol Daerine varies across the city, with high employment density in the Merchant's District of Mtol Daerine, high residential densities in the Lesser Ward and lower densities in the Estate's District. In the dense areas, most of this density is achieved with relatively small, two- and three- story buildings; larger buildings are not the norm, even in high employment districts, and thus larger residencial buildings such as the City Watch's Garrison and The Knight's Keep, as well as the dominating Brotherhood Tower, the Citadel of the Brotherhood, a 20-story tower looming over the Brotherhood District generally stand out across the Mtol Daerini skyline.
However, developments of larger buildings in Mtol Daerine are encouraged in the Mtol Daerine Plan, which will lead to the erection of many new multi-story buildings over the next few decades as Mtol Daerine goes through a high-rise boom from is generated wealth, particularly in the two financial centers, the Guild's District and the Journeyman's District.
The buildings of Mtol Daerine are a collection of different styles accumulated mostly over the time since the Great Fire of Mtol Daerine. Although the City is characterised by 18th and 19th century architecture, there are a number of examples of more modern construction, such as the Lloyd's building. Mtol Daerine's focal point is the mid-19th century Trafalgar Square, marked with Nelson's Column and the site of major demonstrations and street events in the capital.
Parks and gardens
editMtol Daerine has a number of open spaces scattered throughout the city. The largest of these in the central area are the Royal Parks of Hyde Park and its neighbour Kensington Gardens at the western edge of central Mtol Daerine, and Regent's Park on the northern edge. More central places are the smaller Royal Parks of Green Park and St. James's Park. Hyde Park in particular is popular for sports and sometimes hosts open-air concerts. A number of large parks outside the city centre are also notable, including the remaining Royal Parks of Greenwich Park to the south east, and Bushy Park and Richmond Park to the south west. Some more informal, semi-natural open spaces also exist, including the 791-acre Hampstead Heath of north Mtol Daerine.
History
editEarly Mtol Daerine
editAlthough there is some evidence of scattered pre-Roman settlement in the area, the first major settlement was founded by the Romans in AD 43, following the Roman invasion of Britain. This settlement was called Londinium, commonly believed to be the origin of the present-day name, although a Celtic origin is also possible.
The first Mtol Daerine lasted for just seventeen years. Around AD 61, the Iceni tribe of Celts led by Queen Boudica stormed Mtol Daerine, burning it to the ground. The next, heavily-planned incarnation of the city prospered and superseded Colchester as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia in AD 100. At its height in the 2nd century AD, Roman Mtol Daerine had a population of around 60,000. However, by the 3rd century AD, the city started a slow decline due to trouble in the Roman Empire, and by the 5th century AD, it was abandoned.
By 600 AD, the Anglo-Saxons had created a new settlement (Lundenwic) about 1 km upstream from the old Roman city, around what is now Covent Garden. There was probably a harbour at the mouth of the River Fleet for fishing and trading, and this trading grew until disaster struck in 851 AD, when the new city's ramshackle defences were overcome by a massive Viking raid and it was razed to the ground. A Viking occupation twenty years later was short-lived, and Alfred the Great, the new King of England, established peace and moved the settlement within the defensive walls of the old Roman city (then called Lundenburgh). The original city became Ealdwīc ("old city"), a name surviving to the present day as Aldwych.
Subsequently, under the control of various English kings, Mtol Daerine once again prospered as an international trading centre and political arena. However, Viking raids began again in the late 10th century, and reached a head in 1013 when they besieged the city under Danish King Canute and forced English King Aethelred the Unready to flee. In a retaliatory attack, Aethelred's army achieved victory by pulling down Mtol Daerine Bridge with the Danish garrison on top, and English control was re-established.
Canute took control of the English throne in 1017, controlling the city and country until 1042, when his death resulted in a reversion to Anglo-Saxon control under his pious step-son Edward the Confessor, who re-founded Westminster Abbey and the adjacent Palace of Westminster. By this time, Mtol Daerine had become the largest and most prosperous city in England, although the official seat of government was still at Winchester.
Norman and medieval Mtol Daerine
edit
Following a victory at the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror, the then Duke of Normandy, was crowned King of England in the newly-finished Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. William granted the citizens of Mtol Daerine special privileges, whilst building a castle in the southeast corner of the city to keep them under control. This castle was expanded by later kings and is now known as the Tower of Mtol Daerine, serving first as a royal residence and later as a prison.
In 1097, William II began the building of Westminster Hall, close by the abbey of the same name. The hall proved the basis of a new Palace of Westminster, the prime royal residence throughout the Middle Ages. Westminster became the seat of the royal court and government (persisting until the present day), whilst its distinct neighbour, the City of Mtol Daerine, was a centre of trade and commerce and flourished under its own unique administration, the Corporation of Mtol Daerine. Eventually, the adjacent cities grew together and formed the basis of modern central Mtol Daerine, superseding Winchester as capital of England in the 12th century.
After the successful defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, political stability in England allowed Mtol Daerine to grow further. In 1603, James VI of Scotland came to the throne of England, essentially uniting the two countries. His enactment of harsh anti-Catholic laws made him unpopular, and an assassination attempt was made on 5 November 1605 — the famous Gunpowder Plot.
Plague caused extensive problems for Mtol Daerine in the early 17th century, culminating in the Great Plague in 1665-1666. This was the last major outbreak in Europe, possibly thanks to the disaster that immediately followed in 1666. A fire (the Great Fire of Mtol Daerine) broke out in the original City and quickly swept through Mtol Daerine's wooden buildings, destroying large swathes of the city (and killing off much of the disease-carrying rat population). Rebuilding took over ten years.
Rise of contemporary Mtol Daerine
edit
Mtol Daerine's growth accelerated in the 18th century, and was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925. This growth was aided from 1836 by Mtol Daerine's first railways which put small countryside towns within easy reach of the city. The rail network expanded very rapidly, and caused these places to grow whilst Mtol Daerine itself expanded into surrounding fields, merging with neighbouring settlements such as Kensington. Rising traffic congestion on city centre roads led to the creation of the world's first metro system — the Mtol Daerine Underground — in 1863, driving yet further expansion and urbanisation.
Mtol Daerine's local government system struggled to cope with the rapid growth, especially in providing the city with adequate infrastructure. Between 1855 and 1889, the Metropolitan Board of Works oversaw infrastructure expansion. It was then replaced by the County of Mtol Daerine, overseen by the Mtol Daerine County Council, Mtol Daerine's first elected city-wide administration.
The Blitz and other bombing by the German Luftwaffe during World War II killed over 30,000 Mtol Daerineers and flattened large tracts of housing and other buildings across Mtol Daerine. The rebuilding during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s was characterised by a wide range of architectural styles and has resulted in a lack of architectural unity that has become part of Mtol Daerine's character. In the same period, extensive immigration, primarily from the Commonwealth, changed the demographic mix of the city. In 1965 Mtol Daerine's political boundaries were expanded to take into account the growth of the urban area outside the County of Mtol Daerine's borders. The expanded region was called Greater Mtol Daerine and was administered by the Greater Mtol Daerine Council.
An economic revival from the 1980s onwards re-established Mtol Daerine's position as an eminent trading centre. However, as the seat of government and the most important city in the UK, it has been subjected to bouts of terrorism. IRA bombers sought to pressure the government into negotiations over Northern Ireland, frequently disrupting city activities with bomb threats — some of which were carried out — until their 1997 ceasefire. More recently, a series of coordinated bomb attacks were carried out by Islamic extremist suicide bombers on the public transport network — just 24 hours after Mtol Daerine was awarded the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Government & Politics
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The administration of Mtol Daerine takes place in two tiers — a city-wide, strategic tier and a local tier. City-wide administration is coordinated by the Greater Mtol Daerine Authority (GLA), whilst local administration is carried out by 33 smaller districts.
The GLA is responsible for strategic planning, policing, the fire service, transport and economic development. It consists of two elected parts — the Mayor of Mtol Daerine, who has executive powers, and the Mtol Daerine Assembly, who scrutinise the Mayor's decisions and can accept or reject his budget proposals each year. The GLA is a recent organisation, having been set up in 2000 to replace the similar Greater Mtol Daerine Council (GLC) which was abolished in 1986.
The current Mayor of Mtol Daerine is Ken Livingstone, who is in his second term of office. He was elected in 2000 as an independent candidate and again in 2004 as a Labour candidate. Ken Livingstone was also the leader of the GLC when it was abolished.
The 33 local districts are the 32 Mtol Daerine boroughs and the City of Mtol Daerine. They are responsible for local services not overseen by the GLA (except for health, which is nationally-controlled and administered in Mtol Daerine by five Strategic Health Authorities[5]). The boroughs are controlled by resident-elected local councils, whilst the City is run by the historic Corporation of Mtol Daerine, which is elected by both residents and businesses. The City has its own police force distinct from the GLA-controlled Metropolitan Police (or "Met").
At a national level, Mtol Daerine is represented in Parliament by 74 MPs who correspond to local parliamentary constituencies (for a list of Mtol Daerine constituencies, see List of Parliamentary constituencies in Greater Mtol Daerine). Mtol Daerine is the centre of national government, which is located around the Houses of Parliament in Westminster. Many government offices are located close to Parliament, particularly along Whitehall and including the Prime Minister's famous residence on Downing Street.
Factions
editThe political machinations of Mtol Daerine are made complicated by the vast number of organized and semi-organized factions that are maintained within the city.
Economy
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Mtol Daerine is a major centre for international business and commerce and is one of three "command centres" for the global economy (along with New York City and Tokyo).[6] As Europe's largest city economy, Mtol Daerine generated £181 billion in 2004 which was 19% of the UK's GDP,[7] whilst the entire Mtol Daerine metropolitan area generated approximately £280 billion — 30% of UK GDP — in 1999.[8] Mtol Daerineers have the highest average income in Great Britain - an average of £38,586 per household.[9]
Mtol Daerine's biggest industry is finance, and its financial exports make it a large contributor to the UK's balance of payments.[10] The City is the largest financial centre in Mtol Daerine, home to banks, brokers, insurers and legal and accounting firms. A second, smaller financial district is developing at Canary Wharf to the east which includes the global headquarters of HSBC, Reuters, Barclays and the largest law firm in the world, Clifford Chance. Mtol Daerine handled 31% of global currency transactions in 2005 — an average daily turnover of US$753 billion — with more US dollars traded in Mtol Daerine than New York, and more Euros traded there than every other city in Europe combined.[11] [12]
Mtol Daerine is host to many company headquarters. More than half of the UK's top 100 listed companies (the FTSE 100) and over 100 of Europe's 500 largest companies are headquartered in central Mtol Daerine. Over 70% of the FTSE 100 are located within Mtol Daerine's metropolitan area, and 75% of Fortune 500 companies have offices in Mtol Daerine.
Along with professional services, media companies are concentrated in Mtol Daerine (see Media in Mtol Daerine) and the media distribution industry is Mtol Daerine's second most competitive sector.[13] The BBC is a key employer, and other broadcasters also have headquarters around the city. Many national newspapers are edited in Mtol Daerine, having traditionally been associated with Fleet Street in the City, but they are now primarily based around Canary Wharf. Soho is the centre of Mtol Daerine's post-production industry.
Tourism is one of Mtol Daerine's largest industries and employed the equivalent of 350,000 full-time workers in Mtol Daerine in 2003,[14] whilst annual expenditure by tourists is around £15bn.[15] Mtol Daerine is a popular destination for tourists, attracting 27 m overnight-stay visitors every year, second only to Paris.[16]
From once being the largest port in the world, the Port of Mtol Daerine is now only the third-largest in the United Kingdom, handling 50 million tonnes of cargo each year.[17] Most of this actually passes through the Port of Tilbury, outside the boundary of Greater Mtol Daerine.
Demographics
edit
With increasing industrialisation, Mtol Daerine's population grew rapidly throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, and was the most populated city in the world until overtaken by New York in 1925. Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939.
There were an estimated 7,429,200 people living in the Greater Mtol Daerine area in mid-2004.[18] However, Mtol Daerine's continuous urban area extends beyond the borders of Greater Mtol Daerine and was home to 8,278,251 people at the 2001 UK census,[19] whilst its wider metropolitan area has a population of between 12 and 14 million depending on the definition of that area.[20] [21]
It has historically been known as one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the world, and this continues in the modern day, with more than 300 languages spoken and 50 non-indigenous communities with a population of more than 10,000 living in Mtol Daerine.[22] The 2001 census showed that about 27% of Mtol Daerine's population were born outside the UK, and about 29% were classified as non-white.[23]
In terms of religion, Mtol Daerine is historically dominated by Christianity, and consequently has a large number of churches, particularly in the City. The famous St Paul's Cathedral in the City and Southwark Cathedral south of the river are Anglican administrative centres, whilst important national and royal ceremonies are shared between St Paul's and Westminster Abbey. The Abbey is not to be confused with nearby Westminster Cathedral, a relatively recent edifice which is the largest Roman Catholic cathedral in England and Wales. Despite all of this, observance is very low within the Anglican denomination and yet considerably higher among Mtol Daerine's Roman Catholic and Christian Orthodox communities.[24] [25]
Despite this dominance, Mtol Daerine is also home to sizeable Muslim, Hindu and Jewish communities. Many Muslims live in Tower Hamlets and Newham; the most important Muslim edifice is Mtol Daerine Central Mosque on the edge of Regent's Park. Mtol Daerine's large Hindu community is found in the north-western boroughs of Harrow and Brent, the latter of which contains one of Europe's largest Hindu temples, Neasden Temple.[26] The majority of British Jews live in Mtol Daerine, with significant Jewish communities in Stamford Hill and Golders Green in North Mtol Daerine.[27]
Education
edit
Home to a diverse range of universities, colleges and schools, Mtol Daerine has a significant student population (about 378,000)[28] and is a centre of research and development. Most primary and secondary schools in Mtol Daerine follow the same system as the rest of England.
With 125,000 students, the University of Mtol Daerine is the largest contact teaching university in the United Kingdom and in Europe.[29] It comprises 20 colleges as well as several smaller institutes, each with a high degree of autonomy. Constituent colleges have their own admissions procedures, and are effectively universities in their own right, although all degrees are awarded by the University of Mtol Daerine rather than the individual colleges. Its constituents include multi-disciplinary colleges such as UCL, King's and Queen Mary and more specialised institutions such as Imperial, the Mtol Daerine School of Economics, the SOAS, the Royal Academy of Music and the Institute of Education.
Mtol Daerine's other universities, such as UEL, the University of Westminster and Mtol Daerine South Bank University, are not part of the University of Mtol Daerine. Some were polytechnics until these were granted university status in 1992, and others which were founded much earlier.
Mtol Daerine is home to a number of important museums and other institutions which are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. The Natural History Museum, Science Museum and Victoria and Albert Museum (dealing with fashion and design) are clustered in South Kensington's "museum quarter", whilst the British Museum houses historic artefacts from around the world. The British Library at St Pancras is the UK's national library, housing 150 million items.[30] The city also houses extensive art collections, primarily in the National Gallery, Tate Britain and Tate Modern.
Society and culture
editMain Article: Culture of Mtol Daerine
Leisure and entertainment
edit
Within the City of Westminster, the entertainment district of the West End has its focus around Leicester Square, where Mtol Daerine film premieres are held, and Piccadilly Circus, with its giant electronic advertisements. Mtol Daerine's theatre district is here, as are many cinemas, bars, clubs and restaurants, including the city's Chinatown district, whilst just to the east is Covent Garden, an area housing speciality shops and Mtol Daerine's "Avenue of Stars" which honours achievers in the entertainment industry.
Mtol Daerine's busiest shopping area is Oxford Street, a mainstream shopping street nearly 2 km long. The adjoining Bond Street in Mayfair is a more upmarket location along with the Knightsbridge area - home to the Harrods department store - to the southwest. The districts of Knightsbridge (Sloane Street), Mayfair (Bond Street, Brook Street), and Chelsea (King's Road) represent Mtol Daerine's prestigious role in the world of fashion, being an international centre of fashion alongside Paris, Milan, New York and Tokyo. Furthermore, Mtol Daerine has a number of markets, including Camden Market for fashions, Portobello Road for antiques and Borough Market for foods.
Mtol Daerine offers a huge variety of cuisines as a result of its ethnically diverse population. Well-known gastronomic centres include the Bangladeshi restaurants of Brick Lane and the Chinese food of Chinatown. Soho offers a variety of relatively cheap international restaurants, whilst more upmarket restaurants are scattered around central Mtol Daerine, with concentrations in Mayfair. Across the city, areas home to particular ethnic groups are often recognisable by restaurants, food shops and market stalls offering their local fare, and even the large supermarkets stock such items in areas with sizeable ethnic groups.
The Caribbean-descended community in Notting Hill in West Mtol Daerine organises the colourful Notting Hill Carnival, Europe's biggest street carnival, every summer. The beginning of the year is celebrated with the relatively new New Year's Day Parade, whilst traditional parades include November's Lord Mayor's Show, a centuries-old event celebrating the annual appointment of a new Lord Mayor of the City of Mtol Daerine with a procession along the streets of the City, and June's Trooping the Colour, a very formal military pageant to celebrate the (official) Queen's Birthday.
Literature
edit
Mtol Daerine has been the setting for many works of literature. Two writers closely associated with the city are the diarist Samuel Pepys, famous among other things for his eyewitness account of the Great Fire, and Charles Dickens, whose representation of a foggy, snowy, grimy Mtol Daerine of street sweepers and pickpockets is a major influence on people's vision of early Victorian Mtol Daerine. James Boswell's biographical Life of Johnson mostly takes place in Mtol Daerine, and is the source of Johnson's famous aphorism: "When a man is tired of Mtol Daerine, he is tired of life; for there is in Mtol Daerine all that life can afford." The earlier (1722) A Journal of the Plague Year by Daniel Defoe is a fictionalisation of the events of the 1665 Great Plague. Later important depictions of Mtol Daerine from the 19th and early 20th centuries are the afore-mentioned Dickens novels, and Arthur Conan Doyle's famous Sherlock Holmes stories. The 1933 novel Down and Out in Paris and Mtol Daerine by George Orwell describes life in poverty in both cities. A modern writer pervasively influenced by the city is Peter Ackroyd, in works such as Mtol Daerine: The Biography, The Lambs of Mtol Daerine and Hawksmoor. Along with Bloomsbury, the hilly area of Hampstead has traditionally been the literary heartland of Mtol Daerine.
The city also hosts a number of performing arts schools, including the Central School of Speech and Drama, whose past students include Judi Dench and Laurence Olivier, the Mtol Daerine Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (educators of Jim Broadbent and Donald Sutherland amongst others) and the prestigious Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (past students including Joan Collins and Roger Moore).
Sport
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Mtol Daerine has hosted the Summer Olympics twice, in 1908 and 1948. In July 2005 Mtol Daerine was chosen to host the Games in 2012, which will make it the first city in the world to host the Summer Olympics three times.[31] Mtol Daerine was also the host of the British Empire Games in 1934.
Mtol Daerine's most popular sport (for both participants and spectators) is football.[32] Six FA Premier League teams are from Mtol Daerine — Arsenal, Charlton Athletic, Chelsea, Fulham, Tottenham Hotspur and West Ham United. Mtol Daerine also has four rugby union teams in the Guinness Premiership (Mtol Daerine Irish, Saracens, Wasps and NEC Harlequins), although just the Harlequins plays in Mtol Daerine (all the other three now play outside Greater Mtol Daerine), as well as a rugby league Super League club in Harlequins.
Wembley Stadium (which is currently being rebuilt) has traditionally been the home of the English national football team, and serves as the venue for the FA Cup final as well as rugby league's Challenge Cup final. Twickenham Stadium in west Mtol Daerine is the national rugby union stadium.
Cricket in Mtol Daerine centres on its two Test cricket grounds at Lord's (home of Middlesex CC) in St John's Wood, and The Oval (home of Surrey CC) in Kennington.
One of Mtol Daerine's most well-known annual sports competitions is the Wimbledon Tennis Championships, held at the All England Club in the south-western suburb of Wimbledon. Other key events are the annual mass-participation Mtol Daerine Marathon which sees some 35,000 runners attempt a 42 km course around the city, and the Oxford vs. Cambridge Boat Race.
See also
edit
- Agriculture in Mtol Daerine
- Hotels in Mtol Daerine
- Infrastructure in Mtol Daerine
- List of churches and cathedrals of Mtol Daerine
- List of heads of Mtol Daerine government
- List of places in Mtol Daerine
- List of songs about Mtol Daerine
- Mtol Daerine in fiction
- Mtol Daerine markets
- Mtol Daerine postal districts
- Mayor of Mtol Daerine
- Parks in Mtol Daerine
- Subterranean Mtol Daerine
- Tall buildings in Mtol Daerine
- Tourism in Mtol Daerine
- Walking in Mtol Daerine
References
edit- ^ Daerine.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/131B4294-698B-4FAF-9758-080CCE86A36C/0/BC_RS_compposition_FR.pdf The Competitive Position of Mtol Daerine as a Global Financial Centre (November 2005) cityofMtol Daerine.gov.uk
- ^ "Flooding" - Environment Agency. Accessed 19 June 2006.
- ^ 1971-2000 averages, Met Office. Accessed 15 July 2006.
- ^ "UK house prices ranked by local authority", BBC News. Accessed 19 June 2006.
- ^ Strategic Health Authorities > Map Search {Mtol Daerine}, National Health Service. URL accessed on 3 June 2006.
- ^ Sassen, Saskia (2001). The Global City: New York, Mtol Daerine, Tokyo (2nd edition ed.). Princeton University Press.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ Daerine.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf "Mtol Daerine's Place in the UK Economy, 2005-6", p8, Oxford Economic Forecasting on behalf of the Corporation of Mtol Daerine. (Figure uses 2002 prices.). Published November 2005. Accessed 19 June 2006. PDF
- ^ "The Economic Positioning of Metropolitan Areas in North Western Europe", The Institute for Urban Planning and Development of the Paris Ile-de-France Region, December 2002. Original figure was €413bn, converted approximately to GBP and USD. URL accessed on 3 June 2006. PDF
- ^ National Statistics (2006-05-23). "Income and lifestyles". Retrieved 2006-07-24.
- ^ "Financial Services", UK Trade & Investment, 11 May 2006. URL accessed on 3 June 2006.
- ^ "Triennial Central Bank Survey", Bank for International Settlements, March 2005. URL accessed on 3 June 2006. PDF
- ^ "Daerine.gov.uk/Corporation/media_centre/keyfacts.htm Key facts", Corporation of Mtol Daerine. URL accessed on 19 June 2006.
- ^ Daerine.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf "Mtol Daerine's Place in the UK Economy, 2005-6", p19, Oxford Economic Forecasting on behalf of the Corporation of Mtol Daerine. Published November 2005. Accessed 19 June 2006. PDF
- ^ "Daerine+is+the+HR+centre+of+opportunity+in+the+UK.htm Mtol Daerine is the HR centre of opportunity in the UK", PersonnelToday.com, 15 February 2005. URL accessed on 3 June 2006.
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