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Carolinensiel is a village in the Wittmund district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Founded in 1730 by George Albert, Prince of East Frisia, it was named after his wife, Sophie Caroline of Brandenburg-Kulmbach.

History

Carolinensiel lies in land reclaimed from the Harlebucht, a bay in the North Sea which was reclaimed in stages starting in the mid-1500s. A dyke was constructed through the town site in 1729, including a control gate to allow the flow of the Harle. Prince Georg Albrecht awarded plots to settlers in March 1730, 200 square metres (2,200 sq ft) each, in the harbor area; further plots of 1–2 hectares (2.5–4.9 acres) were granted; these were exempted from taxes for ten years.

In 1765 the Frederic lock was completed, providing a more protected harbor area.

To avoid conflicts around the new country of Princess Charlotte Christine of East Frisia and the Mr of Jever, Anton Günther, count of Oldenburg in the year 1666, agreed on the future border. From the meeting point of the East Frisian and jeverschen dikes on the pile dike Southeast of Carolinensiel you drew a line on the map with gold ink to a point halfway between the Islands Spiekeroog and Wangerooge. The "Golden line" is today the border between the district Wittmund and Friesland district. The old railway line (Jever BF - Harle BF) the former Grand-Ducal Oldenburg State Railways (GOE) to Mahabaleshwar and the ferry to Wangerooge are already on friesländischem area, because they served to connect the island of Wangerooge Frisian/Oldenburg also. The border runs through the middle of the harbour basin.

Formation of the Essex port

Namesake of the place: Princess Sophie Caroline, wife of George Albrecht of Ostfriesland Sculpture in the old port of Carolinensiel. It symbolizes the "Cliner wind"

The dike of the Carolin Eng Roden was completed in 1729. Where the Harle met on the dike, an Essex port of today's Museum port was applied. The inland water at low tide in the sea could flow through the sewer under the bridge. On 16 March 1730, Prince Georg Albrecht of Ostfriesland, the first plots of land awarded to the first 23 Neusiedler. They included only 200 m ² and lay around the harbour. The settlers were still 1−2 ha of land to the self-sufficiency and enjoyed exemption from taxes for ten years. This was the birth of Carolinensiel. Namesake was the wife of the Prince, Sophie Karoline of Brandenburg-Kulmbach. The Prince made her the domain princesses Grashaus in the Carolin Eng grubbing-up to the present, from the 1764 estranged income until her death. Approximately 70 years after the creation of 1798 the village had approximately 750 inhabitants, who worked in the shipping industry or agriculture.

Carolinensiel became the most important port in the Northern East Frisia also due to its protected location. Through the construction of new projects and the Frederick lock in 1765, he was no longer directly exposed and protected from storm surges the sea as only German Siel port. The construction of an open Siel and a bascule bridge at the Frederick lock made it possible for the sailing ships easily to reach the old port. By Carolinensiel from small freight sailors in sea set sail. With its low depth, they were adapted to the Wadden Sea. The ships had 3 to 6 man crew and ran the North and Baltic Sea, as well as the Mediterranean Sea. Some of them crossed the Atlantic even. The boatmen exported agricultural products of March: cereals, vegetables, potatoes and dairy products. Imports were wood, stones, coal and colonial goods from Scandinavia and the UK with its colonies.

Flowering time

Trading in the port came almost to a standstill during the seven-year French occupation by Napoleon in 1806. The continental system adopted by France prohibited trade with Britain. The smuggling of tea, an food important for East Frisian flourished during this time. Although the death penalty was on smuggling, the tea over the Helgoland associated with Great Britain at this time was introduced. Until 1997, Carolinensiel had about a Customs Service Office (border authority).

The port of Carolinensiel experienced its heyday of mid-19th century. By 1860, there were here alone 40 captains with a total of 59 ships, two shipyards, four breweries and many pubs and bars. Daily ran to the seven ships on or off. Today, within the Museum harbour again the typical flatboats at anchor and reminiscent of the great period of the Carolinensieler maritime. The sail, the maritime craft and the life of Captain families on land are shown in the exhibitions of the German settlement Harbour Museum Carolinensiel.

At the beginning of the 20th century this period however came to an end. The sailing ships could no longer compete with the larger, faster steam vessels and the railway. The Carolinensieler were converted to fishing. The Siel port was no longer maintained and continued to gradually up to a drainage channel with silt.

Fishing

Historic lifeboat shed

The trawlers were stabled in the port at the Frederick lock. They started flatfish, shellfish, and especially brown shrimp. Until the 1930s, a cannery was established in Carolinensiel that mussels and crabs sent to Berlin. Many farming families in upstate earned an extra income by peeling of Garnet, feed shrimps intended for human consumption. Before the Frederick lock, the company Albrecht operating a kiln on the smaller crabs, the seedy, were dried for processing into animal feed. After the construction of the new harbour in Harlesiel, Carolinensieler launches there found a new home.

Nordseebadeort

The history of the North Sea tourism began with the first bathing season on Wangerooge in 1804 Carolinensiel. The place became the transit point for the bathers of the Islands. The ferries were initially followed Spiekeroog and Wangerooge from the Frederick lock. The Grand Ducal Oldenburg Railway (GOE) opened in 1888 the railway line from Jever to Carolinensiel (1988 decommissioning). in 1890 it was extended to the ferry dock in Harlesiel. The timetable was directed according to the tide. The attempt at the beginning of the 20th century, establishing itself as a seaside resort of Carolinensiel failed in the competition of the Islands.

The development and began to the North Sea resort in 1953 with the construction of new projects, the Schöpfwerks and the harbour in Harlesiel. By the landfill of 20,000 m³ of sand, it created its own beach. Beach Hall, camping and sea water outdoor swimming pool were added subsequently. Until 1989 the Deutsche Bundesbahn had a station in Mahabaleshwar on the railway Jever Harle, Harle airfield began operating in 1973. The concentration of railway station, ferry terminal and airfield within a radius of 500 meters was unique. 1980 was the House of guest at the Spa promenade finished, in 1983 the place State-recognized as a North Sea resort of Carolinensiel Harlesiel. in 1984, the German settlement Harbour Museum opened its doors, and from 1986 to 1990 the Museum Harbour and the Frederick lock were restored.

Harlesiel, Carolinensiel, Frederick sheath the history can be experienced with the three dikes and the three ports still today close the cargo port of the leave up to the North Sea resort.

Site development

Carolinensiel, 2005 Cemetery and Church in Carolinensiel Panorama of the port, 2009

With the creation of the area started 1617, which ended with the establishment of the village Carolinensiel in 1730. Although the plots were advertised nationally for distribution, only people from the vicinity in the hope of better economic conditions were reported. The development of the village followed by a detailed plan, the houses were mostly one-storey and two-storey in the rear area of the port. The plan allowed an siedlungs architectural unit through the fusion of port, dike niche, traffic lines and rows of houses.

Through its excellent transport links and fertile marshes, the village already experienced an economic boom at the time of its founder so that already in 1758 the zoning could no longer be kept and the place along the main roads began to grow. The settlement got an increasingly stain-like appearance.

1756 Prussia adopted a programme to the land reclamation, which in this region of the inauguration of the Friedrich Abra Groden on 6. March 1768 resulted had. Thus the place from the sea threatened to be cut off, so we had an open sewer in the new dike. As a result, the harbour in Carolinensiel won the advantage of storm surge and flood safety. The port was the most important German port to Emden. Around 1800, the town is one of 749 people. It had a reinforced settlement of handicraft, industrial and service-oriented businesses resulted. More ring cultivations took place. These new settlements were characterised by unity and gable-permanent arrangement, a largely composite floor plan, which contributed almost urban trains through the high density was created together with the older areas. Under the Napoleonic Dominion, the town stagnated, then flourished while trading and shipping back, craftsmen and workers migrated however.

Then the place lost its importance, because the inland trade was removed from the site. They turned to fishing, which meant a social decline for the population. The port was moved to the Frederick sheath and the place went over to self-sufficiency. From 1880 he served increasingly only as a sleeping place for its residents who commuted to work to Wilhelmshaven. in 1956, the town finally lost its port function.

There was before the first world war approaches, establishing tourism in Carolinensiel what but quite soon fell asleep. In the 1950s, 1956, there were further attempts of this kind by the founding of the spa and tourist office. In the 1970s, they proceeded to take advantage of the existing building as a basis for tourism. This is now done, you can see what the Museum orientation of the place. The versatility of the establishments maintained by tourism, is almost already urban to name a few. in 1983, this development found its zenith in recognition of Caroline noble Siel's Supreme as North Sea resort. the Museum Harbour was opened in 1987.

Tourism

Carolinensiel in the 1920s

First touch

As a seasonal bath operating state bathrooms Borkum and Wangerooge established itself since the mid-19th century, it was in Carolinensiel inevitably touches with tourism. Archived extensive correspondence from the year 1837 between Oldenburg and meinhard East Frisian authorities, in which participated also Carolinensieler businessmen and innkeepers testifies to this.

Around 1900, it tried to establish a bad operating on the Mainland, which was economically rather insignificant for the place at that time and once again asleep the Harle.

Impulse at the beginning of the 1950s

The new building of the Schöpfwerks of Mahabaleshwar today is considered in Carolinensiel Primer for local got pulses [1]. When planning a possible tourism aspect has not considered or foreseen. The scoop wheel should improve the economic environment, Caroline Siel. However there was no industrial settlement in the region. So "Bathing and tourist office" found popularity in this situation of the 1956 founded.

Organizations

The formation of 1956 tourist was well prepared by public figures, so that local residents was positively offset the new idea. 120 people at the Foundation, joined the Club. The Club took care of matters related to tourism and also helped in the construction of private houses.

"Once in gear and organizationally on schedule-driven, came largely unprofessional work of the bath and tourist office relatively quickly to their limits. 1964 the municipality of Carolinensiel took over the tasks of electoral management in own Department." [2]

In 1969, the electoral administration from the municipal administration was removed and passed to the newly formed Harlesiel GmbH. After the merger of the municipalities Carolinensiel, Berdum and Funnix Harlesiel, an area with several tourist-oriented interests stood among the GmbH. After the amalgamation with the city of Wittmund, they took over also the largest share in Harlesiel GmbH. Thus, an essential part of the fremdenverkehrlichen development of the village was taken from the local initiatives of the action.

Next to the tourist office, private initiatives of the landlords, developed the next to "specific services and program offerings for guests" [3] to deal also with advertising by guests for their own accommodation.

Currently, the city of Wittmund for the area of Carolinensiel Harlesiel collects tax in the period from 15 March to 31 October.

Structure and use of space in the character of tourism

The Caroline Siel's town centre and in particular the former port area is set to tourist viewing, in particular through its prestigious gardens. The restoration of the historical, museological purposes serving "port without any benefit" is another show effect, "which occupied the space and laminated only the structural sins of the past, the diversity of use system and its originality to the victims fell". [4] the effect of this show serving the locals build their homes all in the same style, which thus become the photo object for tourists. Looking for idealized family life in the Museum environment, entering even the rear gardens.

Culture and sights

Gallery Dutch

The Windmill on a dike was first mentioned as Gallery Dutch in a lease contract of 1773. She is completely preserved in its exterior and in June 1993, received new wings; a grinder but no longer exists [5]. The mill was built on a dike and formerly served ships due to the prominent position as a landmark. Today it is used by pilots of jagdgeschwader 71 "Richthofen" as "Turnpoint". The premises of the mills are now used as apartments. On the mill grounds, there is an exhibition space to the history of the mill.

Experience Museum Phänomania

Since 2008 there are in Carolinensiel scientific experience Museum Phänomania. It is located in the historic train station in Carolinensiel and offers about 80 different experiments to yourself try out. The station was built in 1909 and has been used until 1987. He is one of the few grade II listed railway stations in East Frisia.

Dike Church

Main article: Carolinensieler Church

The Church of the dike was constructed in 1776. It is the northernmost Church of the Harlingerland and the only one on the coast, which was built on a dike. 1793 separately built the Bell Tower of the Church. The tower is low due to more frequent storm winds and wears a Swan, the symbol of the Lutherans on its top. The Interior of the simple Hall is dominated by a Baroque altar-pulpit. The organ of Hinrich just Müller from Wittmund built in 1782 with the gallery. The three boats, which were donated by believers as votive offerings are remarkable: left of the altar the Brig VENUS from 1776, right of the frigate of Alje Mehring dating back to 1921, and on the north side the three-masted barque Marie Emilie from 1985.

German settlement port Museum

Main article: German Siel Harbour Museum Carolinensiel

The German settlement port Museum is located with its four historic exhibition houses (Groot Hus, Captain's House, old Pastorei and the old maritime rescue scales) around the Museum harbour in Carolinensiel. The "Groot"Hus is the granary at the old harbour completed in the year 1840. He shows an exhibition of land and sea, the history of the games and ports, dike construction and fishing and of sail on its store shelves. The "Captain" in the parlor for a captain family will be shown about life on land. The exhibition includes also harbour pharmacy, a former general store, and a sailor Pub. Marriages can be made in the "Marie Abraham Ubaji room". The "Alte Pastorei" houses a permanent exhibition about the maritime craft to the ship carpenters craft trades, blacksmith, Seiler and sailmaker. There is a collection of original models of historic sailing ships and the Gallery "Man and sea". The four buildings of the Museum are under monumental protection.

Museum port Carolinensiel

Main article: Museum port Carolinensiel

Once the second largest East Frisian settlement and trading port of the North Sea coast. Through the port of Harlesiel become worthless, he was filled. The Museum Harbour was re-opened on September 9, 1987. A special highlight is that every year, Siel Harbour Festival held on the second weekend in August, a meeting of traditional vessels.

Sons and daughters of the town

Ihno Hayen Fimmen (1808-1897), upper Chamber Council in the service of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, was instrumental in planning and construction of the Hunte-EMS Canal, the forerunner of the coastal channel, [6] Heinrich Janssen (1864-1919), first Director of mine Zeche Radbod in Hamm Karl-Heinz Janßen (1930-2013), editor of the weekly newspaper the time and historian to the German contemporary history Gerhard Tjarks (1858-1941), Publisher of the German La Plata newspaper in Buenos Aires Marie Abraham Ubaji (1888-1960), writer, including "windy settlement"

External links

• www.example.com

Frazione of Wittmund Seaside resort in Lower Saxony, Germany Former municipality (district Wittmund)