Reference version of Deleted PNAC List
After the election of George W. Bush in 2000, many members of the Project for the New American Century, or signatories of PNAC's policy documents, such as the Statement of Principles (PNAC 1997) or the Letter to President Clinton on Iraq (PNAC 1998), were appointed to official positions within the President's administration, while others served in advisory roles.
Scholar Inderjeet Parmar has noted that
"The PNAC's 33 leaders were highly connected with the American state - displaying 115 such connections: 27 with the Department of Defense, 13 with State, 12 with the White House, 10 with the National Security Council, and 23 with Congress".
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] [21][22][23]
| Name | Position(s) held | Letters signed and/or position at PNAC |
|---|---|---|
| Elliott Abrams |
|
|
| Kenneth Adelman |
| |
| Richard Armitage |
|
|
| John R. Bolton |
|
|
| Stephen Cambone | ||
| Dick Cheney |
|
|
| Eliot A. Cohen |
|
|
| Seth Cropsey |
|
|
| Devon Gaffney Cross |
|
|
| Paula Dobriansky |
|
|
| Aaron Friedberg |
|
|
| Francis Fukuyama |
|
|
| Zalmay Khalilzad |
|
|
| I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby |
| |
| Richard Perle |
|
|
| William Schneider, Jr. |
|
|
| Peter W. Rodman |
|
|
| Donald Rumsfeld |
|
|
| Abram Shulsky |
|
|
| Paul Wolfowitz |
|
|
| R. James Woolsey, Jr. |
|
|
| Dov S. Zakheim |
|
|
| Robert B. Zoellick |
|
References
edit- ^ Parmar, Inderjeet (2008). "Chapter 3: A Neo-Conservative-Dominated US Foreign Policy Establishment?". In Christie, Kenneth (ed.). United State Foreign Policy and National Identity in the 21st Century. Routledge. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-415-57357-3.
- "The PNAC's 33 leaders were highly connected with the American state - displaying 115 such connections: 27 with the Department of Defense, 13 with State, 12 with the White House, 10 with the National Security Council, and 23 with Congress."
- "The PNAC may be considered strongly integrated into the political and administrative machinery of US power; certainly, it is not an outsider institution in this regard"
- ^ a b c d e f g h Tyner, James A (2006). The Business of War: Workers, Warriors and Hostages in Occupied Iraq. Ashhgate. pp. 51–52. ISBN 978-0-7546-4791-1. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)- (On 1998 letter to Clinton about Iraq): "The letter was signed by eighteen members of the PNAC, including Donald Rumsfeld, Paul Wolfowitz, Peter Rodman, William Schneider, Richard Perle, Richard Armitage, Pauld Boriansky, John Bolton, Zalmay Khalilzad, and Elliot Abrams. Most of these individuals would assume prominent positions in the administration of George W. Bush."
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Gonzalez, George A (2012). Energy and Empire: The Politics of Nuclear and Solar Power in the United States. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 72–3. ISBN 978-1-4384-4295-2. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- (On 1998 letter to Clinton about Iraq): "Signers of this letter were placed within key foreign policy-making positions within the George W. Bush administration. Prominent among them was Donald Rumsfeld..."
- "Of the other seventeen individuals who signed the PNAC Iraq letter, ten were given foreign policy-making positions early in the Bush administration." Source lists: Elliot Abrams, James Woolsey, Paul Bobriansky, Salmay Khalilzad, Peter W. Rodman, William Schneider, Jr., Robert B. Zoellick, Richard Armitage, Paul Wolfowitz and John Bolton.
- ^ a b c d e f Pfiffner, James; Phythian, Mark (2008). Intelligence and National Security Policymaking on Iraq. Texas A&M University Press, Machester University Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-60344-067-7. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- (On 1998 letter to Clinton about Iraq): "Neocon signatories included Bill Kristol, Wolfowitz, Khalilzad, Francis Fukuyama, John Bolton, Robert Kagan and Richard Perle. Defense hawks were represented by Rumsfeld, though Cheney's signature was missing. Other signatories who were to serve in the George W. Bush administration included Richard Armitage, Paula Dobriansky, Peter Rodman, and Robert Zoellick."
- ^ a b Elliott Abrams, et al., "Statement of Principles", June 3, 1997, newamericancentury.org, accessed May 28, 2007.
- ^ a b c Wood, B. Dan. Presidential Saber Rattling: Causes and Consequences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-107-02127-3. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- "The 1998 PNAC letter to President Clinton was signed by Donald Rumsfeld, Paul Wolfowitz, Richard Perle, Richard Amritage, Elliot Abrams, William J. Bennet, John Bolton, Robert Zoellick, Peter Rodman and Zalmay Khalilzad. In addition, Vice President Dick Cheney and his chief of staff I Lewis "Scooter" Libby were signers of the PNAC Statement of Principles issued on June 3, 1997... Of course, all of these names should be familiar as important foreign policy officials of the Bush administration."
- ^ a b Funabashi, Yichi (2007). The Peninsula Question: A Chronicle of the Second Korean Nuclear Crisis. p. 505. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- "many people associated with the Project for the New American Century (PNAC) are considered neocons. Of the twenty-five signatories of the PNAC's statement of principles, signed in June 1997, ten went on to serve in the George W. Bush administration, including Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, and Paul Wolfowitz"
- ^ a b c d e f Roberts, Guy (2015). US Foreign Policy and China: Bush's First Term. Routledge. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-138-79093-3. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- (On PNAC's founding Statement of Principles): "The statement was signed by 25 high profile American conservatives, including Cheney, Rumsfeld, Scooter Libby, Wolfowitz, and the President's own brother, Jeb Bush, as well as a number of other Bush administration officials, including Aaron Friedberg and Zalmay Khalilzad"
- ^ a b c d e f g Ryan, Maria (2010). Neoconservatism and the New American Century. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-230-10467-9. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- (On Statement of Principles): "Signatories Included: Elliot Abrams of Hudson, Dobriansky, Aaron Friedberg of the AEI and CSP, Francis Fukuyama, Frank Gaffney, Fred Ikle, Zalmay Khalilzad, Lewis Libby, and Wolfowitz. They were joined by other conservative unipolarists, including Dick Cheney, Rodman, Rumsfeld, and Weber of the Dole Campaign."
- ^ Frank, Andre Gunder (2009). "Coup d'état and Paper Tiger in Washington, Fiery Dragon in the Pacific". In Dasgupta, Samir; Pieterse, Jan Nederveen (eds.). Politics of Globalization. New Delhi: Sage. p. 44. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- "PNAC founding members and signatories of its statements include:" (Source lists: Dick Cheney, I. Lewis Libby, Donald Rumsfeld, Paul Wolfowitz, Eliot Abrams, John Bolton, Randy Scheunemann, Bruce Jackson, William Kristol).
- "The core group of PNAC now holds the highest positions of policymaking power in the Pentagon and much of it in the White House."
- ^ Callinicos, Alex (2003). The New Mandarins of American Power. Oxford: Polity(Blackwell). pp. 50–51. ISBN 0-7456-3274-2.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help)- (on 1998 Iraq Letter)"The signatories led like a roll call of the Bush administration that would take office three years later. They included Richard Armitage, John Bolton, Zalmay Khalilzad, Richard Perle, Donald Rumsfeld, Paul Wolfowitz, and Robert Zoellick."
- ^ Bryce, Robert (2004). Cronies: Oil, the Bushes, and the Rise of Texas, America's Superstate. Perseus. pp. 230–231.
- (on PNAC): "The founding members of the group included Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, Paul Wolfowitz, and Jeb Bush."
- (on 1998 Iraq Letter): "it was signed by men who joined the highest levels of the US government upon George W. Bush's victory in 2000. The signers of the letter included Donald Rumsfeld, who became defense secretary, Richard Perle, who became a member of the Defense Policy Board, Richard Armitage, who became deputy secretary of state, John Bolton, who became undersecretary of state for disarmament, and Zalmay Khalilzad, who became the White House's liaison to the Iraqi opposition."
- ^ Stelzer, Irwin (2004). Neoconservatism. London: Atlantic Books. p. 5.
- (on PNAC, founded by Kristol): "Its other founders included Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, Paul Wolfowitz, and Elliot Abrams, all of whom were destined for key positions in the Bush administration - with the exception of Kristol."
- "No one can doubt that PNAC was an important contributor to the Bush administration's foreign policy. To suggest, however, that it is a part of some secret effort to overthrow traditional American foreign policy is not true."
- ^ Unger, Craig. The Fall of the House of Bush. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-7432-8075-4. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- "With Abrams in the administration, signatories of the Project for the New American Century's (PNAC) 1998 call for regime change in Iraq began to join the administration en masse."
- "In all, thirteen of the eighteen signatories to the PNAC letter won appointments in the Bush-Cheney administration: Elliot Abrams, Richard Armitage, Assistant Secretary of State Jeffrey Bergner, John Bolton, Under Secretary of State Paula Dobriansky, Francis Fukuyama (President's Council on Bioethics), Zalmay Khalilzad, Richard Perle, Assistant Secretary of Defense Peter Rodman, Donald Rumsfeld, Defense Science Board appointee William Schneider, Paul Wolfowitz, and US Trade Representative Rober Zoellick."
- ^ a b Grodin, David. "Mistaking Hegemony for Empire: Neoconservatives, the Bush Doctrine, and the Democratic Empire". International Journal. 61 (1): 227–241. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
- "Cheney and Rumsfeld were even among the original promoters of the neoconservative "Project for a new American century" back in mid- 1997 - a project that brought together, inter alios, Richard Armitage, John Bolton, and Robert Zoellick, to say nothing of that self-proclaimed neoconservative, Richard Perle, who directed a Pentagon advisory group (the Defense Policy Board) between 2001 and 2003, until stepping down on conflict-of-interest grounds."
- ^ Gleeson, Kathleen (2014). Australia's 'war on terror' Discourse. Ashgate. p. 37. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- "Authors such as George (2005) and Kirby (2007) posit that PNAC enjoyed this influence largely due to the fact that key players in the Bush Administration - such as Lewis Libby, Paul Wolfowitz, Donald Rumsfeld, Zalmay Khalilzad, John Bolton, Carl Rove, Richard Pearl and Dick Cheney - were closely linked to the organization (either members or signatories to documents)."
- ^ [1] Terror and Territory: The Spatial Extent of Sovereignty, Stuart Elden, Univ Of Minnesota Press, 2009, p.15
- "The number of figures associated with PNAC that had been members of the Reagan or the first Bush administration and the number that would take up office with the administration of the second President Bush demonstrate that it is not merely a question of employees and budgets".
- ^ [2] US Foreign Policy and the Rogue State Doctrine, Alex Miles, Routledge, 2014
- "Included in those who signed up to PNAC and its principles were key officials in the George W. Bush administration, such as Rumsfled, Libby, Wolfowitz, Cheney and John Bolton.
PNAC members vigorously promoted its agenda for extending US unipolarity by appearing before Congressional Committees, promulgating their message in the media and sending open letters to the Clinton White House".
- "Included in those who signed up to PNAC and its principles were key officials in the George W. Bush administration, such as Rumsfled, Libby, Wolfowitz, Cheney and John Bolton.
- ^ [3] The President's Real Goal In Iraq, Jay Bookman, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, September 29, 2002, reprinted in [4] The Iraq War Reader: History, Documents, Opinions, Christopher Cerf and Micah L Sifry, Touchstone, 2003
- ”They can be found in much the same language in a report issued in September 2000 by the Project for the New American Century, a group of conservative interventionists outraged by the thought that the United States might be forfeiting its chance at a global empire.
Overall, that 2000 report reads like a blueprint for current Bush defense policy. Most of what it advocates, the Bush administration has tried to accomplish.
That close tracking of recommendation with current policy is hardly surprising, given the current positions of the people who contributed to the 2000 report.
Paul Wolfowitz is now deputy defense secretary. John Bolton is undersecretary of state. Stephen Cambone is head of the Pentagon's Office of Program, Analysis and Evaluation. Eliot Cohen and Devon Cross are members of the Defense Policy Board, which advises Rumsfeld. I. Lewis Libby is chief of staff to Vice President Dick Cheney. Dov Zakheim is comptroller for the Defense Department.
- ”They can be found in much the same language in a report issued in September 2000 by the Project for the New American Century, a group of conservative interventionists outraged by the thought that the United States might be forfeiting its chance at a global empire.
- ^ [5] Imperial Designs: Neoconservatism and the New Pax Americana, Gary Dorrien, Routledge, 2004
- ”Of the eighteen figures who signed the PNAC’S 1998 letter to Clinton calling for regime change in Iraq, eleven took positions in the Bush administration. In addition to Armitage, Rumsfled, and Wolfowitz, they were Elliot Abrams (Senior Director for Near East, Southwest Asian and North African Affairs on the National Security Council); John Bolton (Undersecretary, Arms Control and International Security); Paula Dobriansky (Undersecretary of State for Global Affairs); Zalmay Khalilzad (President’s Special Envoy to Afghanistan and Ambassador-at-Large for Fre Iraqis); Richard Perle (chair of the Defense Policy Board); Peter W. Rodman (Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs); William Schneider, Jr. (chair of the Pentagon’s Defense Science Board); and Robert B. Zoellick (U.S. Trade Representative). Other PNAC associates and/or prominent unipolarists who landed positions included Kenneth Adelman (Defense Policy Board), Stephen Cambone (Director of the Pentagon Office of Program Analysis and Evaluation); Eliot Cohen (Defense Policy Board); Devon Gaffney Cross (Defense Policy Board); Douglas Feith (Undersecretary of Defense); I. Lewis Libby (Vice President’s Chief of Staff); William Luti and Abram Shulsky (eventually, directors of the Pentagon’s Office of Special Plans); James Woolsely (Defense Policy Board); and David Wurmser (Special Assistant to the Undersecretary of State for Arms Control)”.
- ^ [6] Imperial Designs: Neoconservatism and the New Pax Americana, Gary Dorrien, Routledge, 2004
- ^ [7] “War Programming: The Propaganda Project and the Iraq War”, David L. Altheide and Jennifer N. Grimes, The Sociological Quarterly Vol. 46, No. 4, Wiley, (Autumn, 2005), pp. 617-643
- ^ [8] Hijacking America: How the Secular and Religious Right Changed What Americans Think, Susan George, Polity, 2013
- ^ [9] Imperial Designs: Neoconservatism and the New Pax Americana, Gary Dorrien, Routledge, 2004
- ^ a b c [10] A Faustian Foreign Policy from Woodrow Wilson to George W. Bush: Dreams of Perfectibility, Joan Hoff, Cambridge University Press, 2007, p. 139
- ^ a b [11] The American Way of War: Guided Missiles, Misguided Men, and a Republic in Peril, Eugene Jarecki, Free Press, 2008
- ^ a b [12] US Foreign Policy and China: Bush’s First Term, By Guy Roberts, Routledge, 2014, p.37
- ^ a b [13] Anti-Americanism, Andrew Ross and Kristin Ross, NYU Press, 2004, p.12
- ^ [14] The Rise of Anti-Americanism, John Higley; Routledge, 2005, p.158
- ^ Glenn Kessler, "Rice Names Critic Of Iraq Policy to Counselor's Post", The Washington Post, March 2, 2007: A05, accessed June 1, 2007.
- ^ [15] Letter to the President on Milosevic, September 20, 1998
- ^ [16] Australia's 'war on terror' Discourse, Dr Kathleen Gleeson, Ashgate Pub Co, 2014
- ^ [17] Imperial Designs: Neoconservatism and the New Pax Americana, Gary Dorrien, Routledge, 2004
- ^ [18]The Road to Iraq: The Making of a Neoconservative War, Muhammad Idrees Ahmad, Edinburgh University Press, 2014
- ^ [19] The Rise of Anti-Americanism, John Higley; Routledge, 2005, p.158
- ^ [20]The Road to 9/11: Wealth, Empire, and the Future of America, Peter Dale Scott, University of California Press, 2008
- ^ [21] A Vulcan's Tale: How the Bush Administration Mismanaged the Reconstruction, Dov S. Zakheim, Brookings Institution Press, 2013, p. 299
- ^ [22] The Rise of Anti-Americanism, John Higley; Routledge, 2005, p.158
List of PNAC members that were political appointees in the Administration of George W. Bush