The Karluk or Qarluq languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family that developed from the varieties once spoken by Karluks.[1]

Karluk
Qarluq, Southeastern Turkic, Turkestan Turkic
Geographic
distribution
Central Asia
Linguistic classificationTurkic
Early forms
Subdivisions
Language codes
Glottologuygh1241
  Uzbek     Uyghur     Ili

Many Middle Turkic works were written in these languages. The language of the Kara-Khanid Khanate was known as Turki, Ferghani, Kashgari or Khaqani. The language of the Chagatai Khanate was the Chagatai language.

Karluk Turkic was once spoken in the Kara-Khanid Khanate, Chagatai Khanate, Timurid Empire, Mughal Empire, Yarkent Khanate and the Uzbek-speaking Khanate of Bukhara, Emirate of Bukhara, Kokand Khanate, Khiva Khanate, Maimana Khanate.[2]

Classification

edit

Languages

edit
Proto-Turkic Common Turkic Karluk Western
Eastern
Old

Glottolog v.5.0 refers to the Karluk languages as "Turkistan Turkic" and classifies them as follows:[6]

Turkistan

References

edit
  1. ^ Austin, Peter (2008). One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost. University of California Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-520-25560-9.
  2. ^ McChesney, R. D. (14 July 2014). Waqf in Central Asia: Four Hundred Years in the History of a Muslim Shrine, 1480-1889. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-6196-5.
  3. ^ Uzbek at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Northern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) Southern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  4. ^ "Uyghur". Ethnologue. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
  5. ^ Glottlog 5.0 places this with Old Turkic.
  6. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Karluk languages". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.