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Bill Vander Zalm

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William Nicholas Vander Zalm (born Wilhelmus Nicholaas Theodore Marie van der Zalm; May 29, 1934) is a Dutch-born Canadian businessman and politician who served as the 28th premier of British Columbia and leader of the British Columbia Social Credit Party from 1986 to 1991. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of British Columbia, representing the riding of Surrey from 1975 to 1983, and the riding of Richmond from 1986 to 1991.

Bill Vander Zalm
28th Premier of British Columbia
In office
August 6, 1986 – April 2, 1991
MonarchElizabeth II
Lieutenant GovernorRobert G. Rogers
David Lam
Preceded byBill Bennett
Succeeded byRita Johnston
Leader of the British Columbia Social Credit Party
In office
1986–1991
Preceded byBill Bennett
Succeeded byRita Johnston
Member of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly
for Richmond
In office
October 22, 1986 – October 17, 1991
Serving with Nick Loenen
Preceded byJames Arthur Nielsen
Succeeded byRiding Abolished
Member of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly
for Surrey
In office
December 11, 1975 – May 5, 1983
Serving with Ernest Hall (1979-1983)
Preceded byErnest Hall
Succeeded byRita Johnston
William Earl Reid
Minister of Education of British Columbia
In office
August 10, 1982 – May 26, 1983
PremierBill Bennett
Preceded byBrian Smith
Succeeded byJack Heinrich
Minister of Municipal Affairs of British Columbia
In office
December 5, 1978 – August 10, 1982
PremierBill Bennett
Preceded byHugh Curtis (Municipal Affairs and Housing)
Succeeded byJack Heinrich
Minister of Human Resources of British Columbia
In office
December 22, 1975 – December 5, 1978
PremierBill Bennett
Preceded byNorman Levi
Succeeded byGrace McCarthy
29th Mayor of Surrey
In office
1969 – December 11, 1975
Preceded byW.E. Stagg
Succeeded byEd McKitka
Personal details
Born
Wilhelmus Nicholaas Theodore Marie van der Zalm

(1934-05-29) May 29, 1934 (age 90)
Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands
Political partySocial Credit Party
Other political
affiliations		British Columbia Reform Party
SpouseLillian Vander Zalm
OccupationBusinessman, politician

Early life

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Wilhelmus Nicholaas Theodore Marie van der Zalm was born and raised in Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands.[1] He emigrated to Canada after World War II, settling in the Fraser Valley in 1947.[2] After completing high school, he sold tulip bulbs and ultimately established himself in the gardening business. He moved to Surrey after marrying Lillian Mihalic,[3] and purchased a nursery.[2]

Early political career

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Vander Zalm was elected an alderman of Surrey in 1965, and served as the municipality's mayor from 1969 to 1975.[4] His tenure was marked by his crackdown on welfare recipients (until the early 1970s, welfare in BC was a municipal responsibility).

He was originally a supporter of both the Liberal Party of Canada and the BC Liberal Party. He sought election to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1968 federal election as a Liberal in Surrey, but lost by 4,445 votes to New Democratic Party (NDP) candidate Barry Mather.[5] He was a candidate at the 1972 provincial Liberal leadership convention, where he lost to David Anderson. He subsequently ran in the Surrey constituency for the Liberal Party in the 1972 provincial election, but lost to incumbent BC New Democratic Party candidate Ernest Hall.[2]

Social Credit MLA

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Vander Zalm joined the BC Social Credit Party (Socred) in 1974, and was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in the 1975 election for the riding of Surrey.[2][4] The Socreds won back power after a three-year hiatus, and Vander Zalm served in the cabinet of Premier Bill Bennett as minister of human resources from 1975 to 1978,[6] where he continued his crusade against welfare fraud.

On June 22, 1978, the Victoria Daily Times published a political cartoon by Bob Bierman that portrayed the Minister of Human Resources as a grinning sadist, deliberately pulling the wings off flies. Vander Zalm launched legal action for libel, Vander Zalm v. Times Publishers. Justice Craig Munroe of the BC Supreme Court awarded Vander Zalm $3,500 in damages. The decision was overturned by the BC Court of Appeal in 1980, which was praised by journalists as a victory for free speech. The original cartoon was purchased by the National Archives of Canada for $350.[7][8]

Vander Zalm was re-assigned as Minister of Municipal Affairs in December 1978, and kept the portfolio after winning re-election in 1979, before becoming Minister of Education in August 1982.[6] In 1983, he publicly called on the Smithers school board to suspend teacher Madeleine Sauve without pay. Sauve distributed, without the permission of either parents or the local school board, a questionnaire concerning "mutual masturbation, oral sex, use of pornography and prostitution" to a class of Grade 8 students in Smithers.[9]

He declined to run in the May 1983 provincial election.[2][3] In 1984, he bought Fantasy Garden World, a theme park in Richmond, British Columbia.[2][10] The same year, he ran unsuccessfully for mayor of Vancouver as the candidate for the Non-Partisan Association. He lost to the incumbent Mike Harcourt,[11] who was later the provincial NDP leader during most of Vander Zalm's tenure as premier.

Premier

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See also: Vander Zalm ministry

In 1986, Premier Bennett announced he was retiring. Vander Zalm attracted considerable attention as he considered whether he would run for the leadership of the Social Credit Party. He generated more press from the race than the other candidates did. At the party's convention in Whistler, British Columbia, he prevailed over 11 other candidates (including future prime minister Kim Campbell) by winning on the fourth ballot,[2][3] and was sworn in as premier on August 6, 1986.[10]

During the 1986 provincial election campaign, "Vandermania" swept BC, and the Socreds easily won another term over the opposition BC NDP.[2] Vander Zalm himself re-entered the legislature by winning one of the two seats in Richmond.

Vander Zalm promised a fresh start after the confrontational Bennett years, filling most of the cabinet slots with MLAs who had languished on the backbench under Bennett. He decided to release the normally secret list of cabinet appointments to two Vancouver Sun reporters hours before the official announcement was to be made. Under his watch, the Socred government took a more social conservative hue. This did not sit well with more moderate Socreds, who began drifting to the previously moribund Liberals—a trend that would haunt Vander Zalm's successors later.

On July 7, 1987, during the first session of the 34th Parliament, Vander Zalm's health minister Peter Dueck introduced the Health Statutes Amendment Act (Bill 34).[12] This bill specified quarantine procedures for individuals with “serious reportable communicable disease."[13] The bill was met with serious backlash and protest from HIV/AIDS activism groups like ACT UP, the Vancouver Lesbian Connection, and the Vancouver Persons With AIDS Coalition.[14][15][16][17][18] The mobilization by activists in protest of the bill led to the formation of the Coalition for Responsible Health Legislation (CRHL) by Vancouver-based AIDS activists that led several actions for protest, but also education like safer sex workshops focused on preventing HIV transmission.[17][18] The bill received Royal Assent on December 17, 1987, and was passed into law. The protests continued, but effort from the BC Civil Liberties Association shifted to the modification of the bill, rather than discarding it completely.[19]

The government of Premier Bill Vander Zalm refused to fund the 1990 Gay Games in Vancouver and cited inappropriate usage of public resources.[20]

In 1988, after the Supreme Court of Canada decision of R v Morgentaler, the provinces were now expected to cover abortion. Vander Zalm chose not to extend provincial medical coverage to abortion by citing that abortions were an elective procedure and not medically necessary.[21][22]

Vander Zalm became embroiled in an alleged conflict of interest controversy over the sale of his Fantasy Gardens flower garden and theme park. The conflict of interest arose because the Taiwanese buyer, Tan Yu, was provided VIP treatment by members of the Vander Zalm Government prior to the sale. Adding fuel to the fire, Faye Leung, a Chinese-Canadian entrepreneur and the woman who brokered the deal, claimed that Vander Zalm was a "bad man" since the day she first met him and secretly recorded conversations she had with him, which were subsequently leaked to the media. For her part in the affair, Leung would later be convicted of four counts of secret commissions over 100k, and one count of theft over 45k, and two counts of fraud in 1995 by the BC Court of Appeals.[23]

Vander Zalm resigned in 1991 after a provincial conflict of interest report by Ted Hughes found that he had mixed private business with his public office in the sale of the Gardens. He was charged with criminal breach of trust, but was acquitted in BC Supreme Court in 1992. The judge ruled that Vander Zalm had acted in a manner that was "foolish, ill-advised and in apparent or real conflict of interest or breach of ethics", but that the prosecution had not proved its case beyond a reasonable doubt. It was revealed that during the sale of Fantasy Gardens, Vander Zalm had accepted $20,000 payment in cash from Tan Yu, the buyer of Fantasy Gardens, to which Vander Zalm said he took "for innocent reasons relating to travel and expenses incurred."[24][25][26]

Vander Zalm was succeeded as premier by Deputy Premier Rita Johnston, who defeated Grace McCarthy in the race to replace him as Socred leader. Contrary to popular belief that the party would thrive under new leadership, Social Credit collapsed to a distant third in the 1991 election, with the NDP returning to government and the Liberals becoming official opposition. The Social Credit Party were completely shut out of the legislature in the subsequent 1996 election and never again won seats.[27]

Later career

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Leadership of British Columbia Reform Party

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Vander Zalm returned to politics in November 1999 when he was acclaimed as leader of the Reform Party of British Columbia.[28] Shortly after, he ran in a December 1999 provincial by-election in Delta South, but finished second with 32.91% of the vote behind BC Liberal Party candidate Val Roddick, who received 59.63%.[29][30]

He attempted to orchestrate a merger of the Reform Party with other right-wing parties, but ran into stiff opposition. Vander Zalm and supporters within the party would later merge with several other small right-wing parties to form the British Columbia Unity Party.[31] The Reform Party was de-registered as a BC political party in 2001 and Vander Zalm retired from politics. He now lives in Ladner.[32]

Successful campaign against HST

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Vander Zalm returned to the political spotlight in 2009, alongside Bill Tieleman, as a recurring critic of the provincial government's conversion of the Provincial Sales Tax to the Harmonized Sales Tax (HST). A series of populist rallies led to him becoming the official proponent, in accordance with the Recall and Initiative Act, of a petition seeking a referendum to cancel the HST. Vander Zalm established a website, FightHST, to promote the initiative.[33] The provincial Liberal government countered Vander Zalm's campaign and devoted a section of their website to the positive aspects of the HST.[34]

For the petition to be certified, there was a requirement to secure the signatures of a minimum of 10% of all registered voters on the provincial voters list in each riding in the province, no later than June 30, 2010.[35] On that date, Vander Zalm delivered 85 boxes containing 705,643 signatures from voters in every riding across the province. Those signatures represented some 45% of votes cast in the 2009 provincial election.[36]

On August 11, 2010, Elections BC verified the official anti-HST petition submitted by the province's Fight HST campaign.[37] Vander Zalm said he was pleased with the result, but "very disappointed" to learn the province's chief electoral officer would not act on the petition until all court proceedings involving the tax were complete. The anti-HST campaign turned its attention to a recall campaign for Liberal MLAs. Vander Zalm told reporters. "We will recall every Liberal MLA in the province, if that's what it takes." However, the initial attempts at recalls were unsuccessful.[38]

On August 20, 2010, Chief Justice Robert J. Bauman ruled that the petition was valid. Bauman said Elections BC was correct when it approved the petition on August 11.[39]

On September 14, 2010, it was announced a referendum would be held September 24, 2011 on repealing the HST. Premier Gordon Campbell stated a simple majority (50%+1) of those eligible and casting ballots would be sufficient for the government to cancel the HST if the referendum went against the government.[40]

The 2011 British Columbia sales tax referendum was conducted by Elections BC via mail-in ballot throughout June and July 2011. The question on the ballot was: Are you in favour of extinguishing the HST (Harmonized Sales Tax) and reinstating the PST (Provincial Sales Tax) in conjunction with the GST (Goods and Services Tax)? Yes or No [41]

On August 26, 2011, Elections BC revealed the results of the referendum: 55% of 1.6 million voters in favour of abolishing the HST. The BC Liberals revealed a plan to re-instate the GST/PST system within 18 months, with a target date of March 31, 2013.[42]

2012 defamation suit

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In 2012, a BC Supreme Court judge and jury heard a defamation lawsuit lodged against Vander Zalm by retired conflict-of-interest commissioner Ted Hughes. The former judge alleged that he had been defamed in Vander Zalm's 2008 self-published autobiography, For The People. The book suggested that Hughes, then in an interim appointment, may have conducted an unfair inquiry of Vander Zalm in 1991 by the prospect of achieving a permanent employment.[43]

Vander Zalm defended the statements about Hughes, saying they had been fair comments, not facts, and that they had been made as a matter of public interest.[44] Vander Zalm was found liable and ordered to pay $60,000 in damages, with Hughes to pay his own costs.[45][46]

References

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  1. ^ Patricia E. Roy. "Wilhelmus Nicholaas Theodore Marie Vander Zalm". Encyclopédie Canadienne. Archived from the original on February 4, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "1986: Bill Vander Zalm campaigns for election". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. March 23, 2012. Archived from the original on June 20, 2013. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
  3. ^ a b c R. G. Harvey (2004). Head On!: Collisions of Egos, Ethics, and Politics in B.C.'s Transportation History. Heritage House Publishing Co. pp. 122–126. ISBN 189438475X.
  4. ^ a b "Bill Vander Zalm (1978 - 1982)". British Columbia Ministry of Community, Sport and Cultural Development. Archived from the original on July 5, 2017. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
  5. ^ "Profile - Surrey, British Columbia". Library of Parliament. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
  6. ^ a b Bennett, Judith Antonik; Verspoor, Frederike. "British Columbia Executive Council Appointments 1871 - 1986" (PDF). Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. p. 76. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
  7. ^ Rayner, William. British Columbia's premiers in profile: the good, the bad, and the transient. p. 213. Heritage House Publishing, 2000. ISBN 978-1-895811-71-1
  8. ^ Hawthorn, Tom (April 30, 2008). "In Memory of Bob Bierman". Globe and Mail.
  9. ^ "Teacher fired over sex quiz innocent victim, says inquiry". Montreal Gazette. The Canadian Press. October 20, 1983. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
  10. ^ a b "Chronology: Fantasy Gardens and Bill Vander Zalm". Vancouver Sun. September 13, 1991. Archived from the original on February 3, 2015. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
  11. ^ Smith, Charlie (December 13, 2013). "Blast from the past: Bill Vander Zalm campaign ads for the NPA". Georgia Straight. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
  12. ^ "Bill 34, Health Statutes Amendment Act, 1987", 1st reading, British Columbia, Legislative Assembly, Debates (Hansard), 34-1 (7 July 1987) at 2236 (Hon Mr Dueck). Archived from the original on 16 March 2023.
  13. ^ "Bill 34, Health Statutes Amendment Act, 1987", 2nd reading, British Columbia, Legislative Assembly, Debates (Hansard), 34-1 (24 November 1987) at 2635 (Hon Mr Dueck): "...while the revision of this section of the bill was originally prompted by concerns about tuberculosis patients, these procedures are intended to apply to persons with any serious reportable communicable disease." (italics added for clarity). Archived from the original on 16 March 2023.
  14. ^ Kozachenko, John (29 October 2014). "Vancouver Interviews". AIDS Activist History Project. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
  15. ^ Banner, Richard (28 October 2014). "Vancouver Interviews". AIDS Activist History Project. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
  16. ^ Brooke, Cynthia (16 September 2016). "Vancouver Interviews". AIDS Activist History Project. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
  17. ^ a b Hamilton, Jamie Lee (13 September 2016). "Vancouver Interviews". AIDS Activist History Project. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
  18. ^ a b Craik, Paul (30 October 2014). "Vancouver Interviews". AIDS Activist History Project. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
  19. ^ “Health Bill 34: AIDS Quarantine Legislation.” BC Civil Liberties Association, April 11, 1987. https://bccla.org/our_work/health-bill-34-aids-quarantine-legislation/.
  20. ^ Davidson, Judy (2007). "Homophobia, Fundamentalism, and Canadian Tolerance: Enabling Gay Games III in Vancouver". International Journal of Canadian Studies (35): 151–175. doi:10.7202/040768ar. ISSN 1180-3991.
  21. ^ "Supreme Court of Canada - SCC Case Information - Search". January 2001.
  22. ^ "Hansard — Monday, February 29, 1988, Afternoon Sitting — British Columbia Legislative Assembly".
  23. ^ "R. V. Leung (F.), (1995) 57 B.C.A.C. 252 (CA)".
  24. ^ "Bill Vander Zalm: Former B.C. Premiers Flustered During Testy Exchanges With Lawyer Over Lawsuit". Archived from the original on February 5, 2012.
  25. ^ "Vander Zalm in court over contents of autobiography". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. September 6, 2012.
  26. ^ "Former B.C. premier Bill Vander Zalm guilty of libel". Archived from the original on February 12, 2012.
  27. ^ "B.C.'s other political parties". CBC News. April 14, 2009. Archived from the original on July 8, 2020. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  28. ^ WOOD, CHRIS. "Bill Vander Zalm returns to the fray | Maclean's | OCTOBER 5, 1998". Maclean's | The Complete Archive. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  29. ^ "CBC.ca - B.C. Votes - Delta South". CBC News. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
  30. ^ "Liberals sweep Delta South". CBC News. December 8, 1999. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
  31. ^ "Reform ready to run without a leader". CBC News. January 16, 2001. Archived from the original on May 13, 2020. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  32. ^ "Former premier Bill Vander Zalm wants Ladner farm cleaned up". Vancouver Is Awesome. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  33. ^ "Official website". Fighthst.com. January 27, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
  34. ^ "Jobs and the Economy. Facts about the HST". Hst.blog.gov.bc.ca. Archived from the original on January 10, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
  35. ^ Elections BC. An initiative to end the harmonized sales tax (HST)
  36. ^ Darah Hansen (June 30, 2010). "HST petition delivered to Elections BC". Globaltvbc.com. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
  37. ^ "B.C. HST petition verified but stalled". News.ca.msn.com. August 11, 2010. Archived from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
  38. ^ "Anti-HST petition approved by Elections BC". Ctvbc.ctv.ca. August 11, 2010. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
  39. ^ "HST petition can proceed, B.C. judge rules". Ctvbc.ctv.ca. August 20, 2010. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
  40. ^ "HST referendum coming to BC next September. MacLean's Magazine". .macleans.ca. September 14, 2010. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
  41. ^ "Elections BC HST Referendum Homepage". Archived from the original on August 18, 2011.
  42. ^ Bailey, Ian (August 26, 2011). "B.C. rejects HST in landmark referendum". The Globe and Mail. Toronto.[permanent dead link]
  43. ^ "Bill Vander Zalm sued for alleged libel". Canadian Press/CBC. January 30, 2012.
  44. ^ "Vander Zalm defamation lawsuit in jury's hands". Canadian Press/CBC. February 8, 2012.
  45. ^ Korstrom, Glen (August 2, 2012). "Vander Zalm wants Lloyd's Underwriters to cover libel judgment". Business Intelligence for BC. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
  46. ^ Mulgrew, Ian (February 8, 2012). "Court refuses to impose double-legal costs on former B.C. premier Bill Vander Zalm". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved January 29, 2024.

Further reading

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  • Alan Twigg (1986). Vander Zalm: From Immigrant to Premier. Harbour Publishing. ISBN 978-0-920080-30-6
  • Gary Mason and Keith Baldrey (1989). Fantasyland: Inside the reign of Bill Vander Zalm. McGraw-Hill Ryerson. ISBN 0-07-549868-5
  • Steve Osborne and Mary Schendlinger (1989). Quotations from Chairman Zalm. Arsenal Pulp Press. ISBN 978-0-88978-219-8
  • Stan Persky (1989) Fantasy Government: Bill Vander Zalm and the Future of Social Credit. New Star Books. ISBN 978-0-919573-98-7
  • Graham Leslie (1991). Breach of Promise: Socred Ethics Under Vander Zalm. Harbour Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55017-049-8
  • Bill Vander Zalm (2008). For The People: Hindsight - Insight - Foresight: The Autobiography of British Columbia's 28th Premier. ASIN B0047I49ZS
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