The blood-colored woodpecker (Veniliornis sanguineus) is a species of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae.[2] It is found in Guyana and Suriname.[3]
| Blood-colored woodpecker | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Piciformes |
| Family: | Picidae |
| Genus: | Veniliornis |
| Species: | V. sanguineus
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| Binomial name | |
| Veniliornis sanguineus (Lichtenstein, AAH, 1793)
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| Synonyms | |
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Dryobates sanguineus | |
Taxonomy and systematics
editThe International Ornithological Committee and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World place the blood-colored woodpecker in genus Veniliornis.[2][4] However, starting in 2018, the American Ornithological Society and the Clements taxonomy moved all species of genus Veniliornis into genus Dryobates.[5][6][7]
The taxonomic systems agree that the blood-colored woodpecker is monotypic.[2][6][7][4]
Description
editThe blood-colored woodpecker is about 13 cm (5.1 in) long and weighs 23 to 30 g (0.81 to 1.1 oz). Males and females have the same plumage except on their heads. Adults of both sexes have a mostly brown face. Males are crimson-red from crown to nape with brown feather bases showing through. The female has a brown crown with thin white feather tips. Both sexes' upperparts are dark crimson-red with greenish-brown bases to the feathers. Their flight feathers are dark brown with greenish brown edges on the primaries and wide crimson edges on the secondaries and tertials. Their tail is dark brown. Their underparts are dark brownish with off-white bars throughout. The iris is dark red-brown, the longish beak dark gray with a lighter tip, and the legs are blackish. Juveniles are generally duller and browner than adults.[8]
Distribution and habitat
editThough some sources say that the blood-colored woodpecker is found in "the Guianas", the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society has records only in Guyana and Surinam, and not French Guiana.[2][7][3] It is a bird of the coastal lowlands, where it inhabits mangroves, swamp forest, and sometimes coffee plantations.[8]
Behavior
editMovement
editThe blood-colored woodpecker is a year-round resident throughout its range.[8]
Feeding
editThe blood-colored woodpecker forages in trees and shrubs, typically singly or in pairs. Its diet includes ants, beetles, and caterpillars.[8]
Breeding
editThe blood-colored woodpecker has been recorded breeding in Suriname in February, March, and between May and November. Both sexes excavate the nest hole, usually low to the ground in a stump or branch. Excavation may take up to two months. The clutch is usually one or two eggs and sometimes three. Both parents incubate the eggs and provision nestlings and fledglings. The incubation period and time to fledging are not known.[8]
Vocal and non-vocal sounds
editThe blood-colored woodpecker's most common call is "single 'keek' notes". It also gives a "fast series of c. 16 'wih' notes". Both sexes drum.[8]
Status
editThe IUCN has assessed the blood-colored woodpecker as being of Least Concern. Though it has a limited range and its population size is not known, the latter is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified.[1] It is "[f]airly widespread in its range, but restricted to lowlands of the Guianas." Habitat loss "could become a threat".[8]
References
edit- ^ a b BirdLife International (2016). "Blood-colored Woodpecker Veniliornis sanguineus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22681208A92897361. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22681208A92897361.en. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
- ^ a b c d Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (August 2022). "Woodpeckers". IOC World Bird List. v 12.2. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
- ^ a b Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved July 24, 2022
- ^ a b HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip retrieved December 13, 2022
- ^ R. Terry Chesser, Kevin J. Burns, Carla Cicero, Jon L. Dunn, Andrew W. Kratter, Irby J. Lovette, Pamela C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., Douglas F. Stotz, Benjamin M. Winger, and Kevin Winker. "Fifty-ninth supplement to the American Ornithological Society’s Check-list of North American Birds". The Auk 2018, vol. 135:798-813 retrieved December 13, 2022
- ^ a b Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved July 24, 2022
- ^ a b c Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved November 10, 2022
- ^ a b c d e f g Winkler, H. and D. A. Christie (2020). Blood-colored Woodpecker (Dryobates sanguineus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.blcwoo3.01 retrieved January 24, 2023
External links
editFurther reading
edit- Gorman, Gerard (2014). Woodpeckers of the World: A Photographic Guide. Firefly Books. p. 308. ISBN 978-1770853096.