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Venkata III (born Pedda Venkata Raya) was the grandson of Aliya Rama Raya.[1] Venkata III belonged to a Telugu family.[2] and became the King of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1632 to 1642. His son-in-law Pedda Koneti Nayak was ruler of Penukonda.[3] His brothers-in-law were Damarla Venkatappa Nayaka and Damarla Ayyappa Nayaka, both sons of Damarla Chennapa Nayakadu.[4]
| Peda Venkata Raya | |
|---|---|
| Vijayanagara Emperor | |
| Reign | 1632 – 1642 |
| Predecessor | Rama Deva Raya |
| Successor | Sriranga III |
Seizure by Timma Raja
editHis paternal uncle, Timma Raja, another brother of Sriranga II, considering himself to have a better claim, seized the government at Vellore Fort, compelling Venkata III to remain in his native Penukonda. The Nayaks of Gingee, Tanjore and Madurai declared support for Venkata III, while Timma Raja got support from no-one and was looked upon as a usurper.
Timma Raja nevertheless made a lot of trouble and civil strife continued until his death in 1635. Initially he was winning, until the King Pedda Venkata (Venkata III)'s nephew, Sriranga III took to the field and defeated Timma Raja with help from the Dutch in Pulicat, compelling him to accept Venkata III's claim. Timma Raja was allowed some territories under his control, but stirred up trouble for a second time, only to be slain by the Nayak of Gingee in 1635.
Peace was finally restored and Pedda Venkata Raya or Venkata III returned to Vellore to take charge.
Madras Land Grant
editOn 22 August 1639, Francis Day of the East India Company obtained a small strip of Land in the Coromandel Coast from Pedda Venkata Raya in Chandragiri as a place to build a factory and warehouse for their trading activities. The region was under the control of the Damerla Venkatadri Nayakudu, a Recherla Velama Nayak of Kalahasti and Vandavasi. Venkatadri Nayakudu was son of Damerla Chennappa Nayakudu. This is widely regarded at the founding event of the formation of the Chennai (Madras) Metropolis and is to the day celebrated as Madras Day.
Trouble from Southern Nayaks
editIn 1637 the Nayaks of Tanjore and Madurai, out of some complications attempted to seize Venkata III and attacked Vellore but were defeated and peace was established.
Sriranga III's rebellion
editThe King's loyal nephew, Sriranga III, for some reason turned against the King in 1638 and engineered an invasion from Bijapur. The Bijapur – Sriranga III combine initially attacked Bangalore making the King Venkata III buy peace after an expensive deal. In 1641, the same combine launched another attack and were just 12 miles (19 km) from Vellore Fort, but their camp was attacked with backing by Southern Nayaka famous general Ramaiyan.
Golkonda forces
editIn the following year (1641), the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda watching the disorder, sent a huge force along the East Coast. The Golkonda army, after facing a stiff resistance near Madras by Venkata III's army backed by Damerla Venkatadri Nayak of Kalahasti and the Gingee Nayak, marched towards the Vellore Fort. But Venkata III, now badly under threat from all sides retreated to the Jungles of Chittoor and died October 1642.
Venkata III had no son and was immediately succeeded by his treacherous nephew Sriranga III, who came to Vellore Fort after deserting the Bijapur camp.
References
edit- ^
- Books International, Ajit Mani (2018). The Nawab's Tears. p. 266. ISBN 9781543704280.
- DS, deepak s (2016). Indian civilization. p. 266.
- AC, Amitava Chatterjee (2014). History: UGC-NET/SET/JRF (Paper II and III). p. 2. ISBN 9789332537040.
- ^
- Aryan Books International, Sākkoṭṭai Krishṇaswāmi Aiyaṅgār (2000). Vijayanagara: History and Legacy. p. 186. ISBN 9788173051685.
- MH, Karnatak Historical Research Society (1992). THE Karnatak Historical Review. p. 2.
- National Book Trust, India, Robert Sewell, Domingos Paes, Fernão Nunes, Vasundhara Filliozat (1999). Vijayanagar: As Seen by Domingos Paes and Fernao Nuniz. p. 51. ISBN 9788123726588.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^
- V.R. Acarya, ed. (1954). Sri Prasanna Venkatesvara Vilasamu. Bulletin of the Government Oriental Manuscripts Library, Madras. p. 49.
The above said Peda Kōnēti Nṛpati ( Nayak ) First , king of Penukonda . ( 1635 A.D. ) then of Kundurti ( 1652 A.D. ) and of Rayadurga ( 1661 A.D. ) was a Balija by caste , having the surname Vānarāsi . His father Kastūri Nāyak and grand father bencama Nayak had enjoyed high favour with the fallen kings of Vijayanagar who were ruling at Chandragiri. Kōnēti Nayak himself had married the daughter of ( apparently the fruit of left handed marriage ) Āraviti Vīra Venkatapati Rāyalu of Vijayanagar family.
- K. A. Nilakanta Sastri, ed. (1946). Further Sources of Vijayanagara History. University of Madras. p. 302.
A description of the way in which Venkatapatiraya of Raya-Veluru granted the government of Penugonda to the Raya-dalavayi Pedakoneti Nayadu. On Sravana ba. 10 of Yuva of 146 years ago corresponding to S. S. 1558, (the Raya) granted the government of Penugonda to Koneti Nayadu, the son. of Kastuiri Nayadu, the son of Akkapa Nayadu, who was the son of Canca(ma) Nayadu of Candragiri, a member of the Vasarasi family of the Balija caste. The ayakat of the territories of Rajaraja Sri Raya-dalavayi who ruled the forts of Penugonda, Kundurpi, Rayadurgam..... great prosperity.
- V.R. Acarya, ed. (1954). Sri Prasanna Venkatesvara Vilasamu. Bulletin of the Government Oriental Manuscripts Library, Madras. p. 49.
- ^
- Popular Prakashan, M. H. Rāma Sharma (1978). The history of the Vijayanagar Empire. p. 203.
- Books, Superintendent Government Printing (1942). Proceedings of the Session, Volume 18. p. 20.
- C. S. Srinivasachariar, V. Vriddhagirisan (1995). The Nayaks of Tanjore. p. 2. ISBN 9788120609969.
- Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, T. K. T. Viraraghavacharya (1997). History of Tirupati: The Thiruvengadam Temple. p. 599.
- south India, Tamil University (1983). Tamil Civilization: Quarterly Research Journal of the Tamil University, Volume 1, Issues 2-4. p. 18.
- Rao, Velcheru Narayana, and David Shulman, Sanjay Subrahmanyam. Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamilnadu (Delhi ; Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1998) ; xix, 349 p., [16] p. of plates : ill., maps ; 22 cm. ; Oxford India paperbacks ; Includes bibliographical references and index ; ISBN 0-19-564399-2.
- Sathianathaier, R. History of the Nayaks of Madura [microform] by R. Sathyanatha Aiyar ; edited for the university, with introduction and notes by S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar ([Madras] : Oxford University Press, 1924) ; see also ([London] : H. Milford, Oxford university press, 1924) ; xvi, 403 p. ; 21 cm. ; SAMP early 20th-century Indian books project item 10819.
- K.A. Nilakanta Sastry, History of South India, From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar, 1955, OUP, (Reprinted 2002) ISBN 0-19-560686-8.