Sir Charles Vyner Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak, GCMG, full name Charles Vyner de Windt Brooke (26 September 1874 – 9 May 1963) was the third and last White Rajah of the Raj of Sarawak.
| Vyner Brooke | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||
| Rajah of Sarawak | |||||
| Reign | 24 May 1917 – 1 July 1946 (3rd Rajah) | ||||
| Predecessor | Charles Brooke | ||||
| Successor | Monarchy abolished Charles Arden-Clarke Governor of Sarawak | ||||
| Born | 26 September 1874 | ||||
| Died | 9 May 1963 (aged 88) Westminster, London, England | ||||
| Burial | |||||
| Spouse | Sylvia Brett | ||||
| Issue | Leonora Margaret Brooke Elizabeth Brooke Nancy Valerie Brooke | ||||
| |||||
| House | Brooke | ||||
| Father | Charles Brooke | ||||
| Mother | Margaret Brooke | ||||
Early life
editCharles Vyner Brooke was the son of Charles Brooke and Margaret de Windt (Ranee Margaret of Sarawak). He was born in London and spent his youth there, being educated at Clevedon, Winchester College, and Magdalene College, Cambridge.[1] He then entered the Sarawak public service.
Vyner served as aide-de-camp to his father (1897–1898), a district officer of Simanggang (1898–1901), Resident of Mukah and Oya, (1902–1903), Resident of the Third Division (1903–1904), President of the Law Courts (1904–1911) and vice-president of the Supreme and General Councils (1904–1911).
In his military career, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the 3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) on 12 May 1911, but resigned from the (County of London) Battalion (Artist's Rifles) on 21 May 1913. During the First World War he served incognito as a rating in a naval anti-aircraft defence unit,[2] and as a fitter in an aeroplane manufacturing works at Shoreditch, East London.
He was granted the personal style of His Highness by command of King George V, 22 June 1911. On 21 February 1911 whilst in the United Kingdom he married Sylvia Brett, daughter of Lord Esher. They returned to Sarawak.
Rajah of Sarawak
editVyner succeeded his father as White Rajah on 17 May 1917 following his death and was proclaimed Rajah on 24 May 1917 at Kuching. He took the oath before the Council Negri on 22 July 1918. Vyner's early years as Rajah (a role he performed in tandem with his younger brother, Bertram, in accord with their father's wish)[citation needed] saw a boom in Sarawak's rubber and oil industries and the subsequent rise in the Sarawak economy allowed him to modernise the country's institutions, including the public service, and introduce a penal code based on that of British India in 1924.
He was granted a knighthood in 1927.[3]
Vyner ran a hands-off and relatively popular administration that banned Christian missionaries and fostered indigenous traditions (to an extent: headhunting was outlawed).
World War II
editJapanese forces landed at Miri, Sarawak on 16 December 1941, beginning an invasion of Borneo.[4] In that same year, Vyner withdrew £200,000 from the Treasury for his personal expenses, in exchange for limiting his powers by a new constitution.[5] Vyner and his family were visiting Sydney, where he would remain for the duration of the war.[citation needed]
Abdication and later life
edit
Vyner returned to Sarawak on 15 April 1946 and temporarily resumed power as Rajah, until 1 July 1946 when he ceded Sarawak to the British government as a Crown colony, thus ending White Rajah rule in Sarawak. Vyner died in London at No. 13, Albion Street, Bayswater, W2 on 9 May 1963, four months before Sarawak, Malaya, North Borneo and Singapore joined to form the Federation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963.
His nephew, Anthony Brooke, served in Sarawak in various departments in the civil service including the Land and Registry Office, and as a magistrate. Since 1937 he had also been Rajah Muda (crown prince) of Sarawak, because Vyner had three daughters but no son. Anthony opposed cession to Britain, as did a majority of the native members of the Council Negri (Parliament), and they campaigned against it for five years.
The anti-cession movement came to a head in 1948 when the second British governor to Sarawak, Duncan Stewart, was assassinated by a young nationalist named Rosli Dhobi in Sibu. Suspicion fell on Anthony for orchestrating the killing but declassified documents from the British National Archive later showed that he had no connection to the plot.[6]
Vyner, his father, his brother Bertram, the Tuan Muda, and Rajah James, are buried in St Leonard's Church in the village of Sheepstor on Dartmoor, Devon.
Family
editHe had three daughters, whose names could be preceded by the Malay honorific of Dayang (Lady):
- Leonora Margaret, Countess of Inchcape, wife of the 2nd Earl of Inchcape (one son, Lord Tanlaw, and one daughter) and, after his death, of US Colonel Francis Parker Tompkins (one son).
- Elizabeth, a Royal Academy of Dramatic Art-educated singer and actress, wife of firstly Harry Roy (one son and one daughter), and secondly, Richard Vidmer until her death.
- Nancy Valerie, an actress, known for The Charge of the Light Brigade, wife of firstly, Robert Gregory, an American wrestler; secondly, José Pepi Cabarro – a Spanish businessman; thirdly, Andrew Aitken Macnair (one son, Stewart, born 1952); and fourthly, Memery Whyatt. She died in Florida.
Legacy
editThe ship SS Vyner Brooke was named after him.
A species of lizard endemic to Sarawak, Dasia vyneri, is named in his honor.[7]
References
edit- ^ "Brooke, Charles Vyner (BRK894CV)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ^ Charles Vyner Brooke on Lives of the First World War
- ^ "The London Gazette". No. 33280. 3 June 1927. p. 3606. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
- ^ Kirby, S. Woodburn. "The Invasion of British Borneo in 1942". Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ "Kucing Berjanggut". Sarawakdotcom.blogspot.com. Retrieved 30 December 2017. [unreliable source?]
- ^ "Farewell to the Crown Prince". Theborneopost.com. 21 September 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Vyner", p. 277).