Wikipedia

Huntly, New Zealand

(Redirected from Waahi Pa)

Huntly (Māori: Rahui-Pōkeka) (population 8,850[2]) is a town in the Waikato district and region of the North Island of New Zealand. It was on State Highway 1 (until Huntly bypass opened in March 2020),[3] 95 kilometres (59 mi) south of Auckland and 32 kilometres (20 mi) north of Hamilton. It is situated on the North Island Main Trunk (NIMT) railway (served by Te Huia since 6 April 2021 at a rebuilt Raahui Pookeka-Huntly Station)[4] and straddles the Waikato River. Huntly is within the Waikato District which is in the northern part of the Waikato region local government area.

Huntly
Rahui-Pōkeka (Māori)
Minor urban area
Waikato River, Huntly and Huntly power station from Hakarimatas in 2012
Waikato River, Huntly and Huntly power station from Hakarimatas in 2012
Map
Coordinates: 37°33.5′S 175°9.5′E / 37.5583°S 175.1583°E / -37.5583; 175.1583
CountryNew Zealand
RegionWaikato
DistrictWaikato District
WardHuntly Ward
CommunityHuntly Community
Electorates
Government
 • Territorial AuthorityWaikato District Council
 • Regional councilWaikato Regional Council
Area
[1]
 • Total16.57 km2 (6.40 sq mi)
Elevation
15 m (49 ft)
Population
 (June 2024)[2]
 • Total8,850
 • Density530/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
Postcode(s)
3700

History and culture

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Originally settled by Māori, European migrants arrived in the area some time in the 1850s. The Huntly name was adopted in the 1870s when the postmaster named it after Huntly, Aberdeenshire, in Scotland. He used an old 'Huntley Lodge' stamp to stamp mail from the early European settlement. The word Lodge was later dropped and the spelling changed to also drop the additional 'e'.[5]

The railway from Auckland reached Huntly in 1877, when the Huntly railway station was opened.

Huntly and its surrounding area is steeped in Māori history and falls within the rohe (tribal area) of Waikato-Tainui of the Tainui waka confederation. Ngāti Mahuta and Ngāti Whawhakia are the subtribes in the Huntly area. Waahi Pa in Huntly was the home of the Māori queen Dame Te Atairangikaahu and of her son the Māori king Tūheitia.

Rakaumanga Native School was established in 1896. It was moved to its present site in 1974 to make way for the building of Huntly Power Station.[6] It became one of the first bilingual schools (Māori/English) in New Zealand in 1984.[7] It became a kura kaupapa (total immersion, Māori as its first language) in 1994 and is now known by the name Te Whare Kura o Rakaumangamanga.

Marae

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There are a number of marae in and around Huntly, affiliated with the Ngāti Kuiaarangi, Ngāti Mahuta, Ngāti Tai and Ngāti Whāwhākia hapū: Kaitumutumu Marae and Ruateatea meeting house, Te Kauri Marae and Karaka meeting house, Te Ōhākī Marae and Te Ōhākī a Te Puea meeting house, and Waahi Pa and Tāne i te Pupuke meeting house.[8][9]

In October 2020, the Government committed $2,584,751 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade Waahoi Marae and 7 other Waikato Tainui marae, creating 40 jobs.[10]

Horahora Marae and Maurea Marae are located north of Huntly at Rangiriri.[9]

Demographics

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Huntly covers 16.57 km2 (6.40 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 8,850 as of June 2024,[2] with a population density of 534 people per km2.

Historical population for Huntly
YearPop.±% p.a.
20066,756—    
20136,849+0.20%
20187,905+2.91%
Source: [11]

At the 2018 New Zealand census, Huntly had smaller boundaries, covering 14.56 km2 (5.62 sq mi).[1] It had a population of 7,905, an increase of 1,056 people (15.4%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 1,149 people (17.0%) since the 2006 census. There were 2,607 households, comprising 3,891 males and 4,014 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.97 males per female, with 2,055 people (26.0%) aged under 15 years, 1,560 (19.7%) aged 15 to 29, 3,198 (40.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,089 (13.8%) aged 65 or older.

In 2018 the main ethnic groups were -[12][13]

Area European/Pākehā Māori Pacific peoples Asian
East 61.2% 38.8% 11% 8.7%
West 34.8% 75.1% 9.2% 3.2%

Prior to that, Huntly's population was 844 (1896),[14] 622 (1901)),[15] 850 (1906),[16] 1,319 (1911),[17] 1,535 (1916),[18] 1,734 (1921),[19] 1,745 (1926), 1,976 (1936), 2,870 (1945), 4,187 (1956), 5,401 (1966),[20] 6,279 (1976), 7,158 (1981) 7,464 (1986) 7,152 (1991), 7,068 (1996), 6,819 (2001).[21]

Huntly included two statistical areas in the 2018 Census, East[12] and West.[13] The population is rising slowly, but they're poorer and younger than the 37.4 years of the national average (the Huntly areas lost a lot of rural areas in the 2018 census, though gained small areas to the north, so that the 2013 population was 4,119, rather than 4,053 shown below for the smaller area in the East and 2,922 in the west, rather than 2,796. Except for population, the 2006 and 2013 figures below are for the larger areas) –

East West National median income
Year Population Median age Households Median income Population Median age Households Median income
2001 3,900 36.3 1,419 $14,300 2,922 25.6 867 $12,100 $18,500
2006 3,852 37.3 1,458 $19,400 2,904 28.4 909 $16,200 $24,100
2013 4,053 38.8 1,539 $22,800 2,796 25.6 867 $12,100 $27,900[22]
2018 4,752 37.1 1,659 $24,500 3,153 28.6 951 $19,700 $31,800

The proportion of people born overseas was 12.3%, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 52.2% had no religion, 30.3% were Christian, 4.5% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.6% were Hindu, 0.6% were Muslim, 0.5% were Buddhist and 1.6% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 513 (8.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 1,650 (28.2%) people had no formal qualifications. 465 people (7.9%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 2,505 (42.8%) people were employed full-time, 651 (11.1%) were part-time, and 453 (7.7%) were unemployed.[11]

Huntly Rural

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The statistical area of Huntly Rural, which includes Ohinewai, Ruawaro and Glen Afton, covers 351.21 km2 (135.60 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 2,370 as of June 2024,[23] with a population density of 6.7 people per km2.

Historical population for Huntly Rural
YearPop.±% p.a.
20062,145—    
20132,100−0.30%
20182,271+1.58%
Source: [24]

Before the 2023 census, Huntly Rural had a larger boundary, covering 353.23 km2 (136.38 sq mi).[1] Using that boundary, Huntly Rural had a population of 2,271 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 171 people (8.1%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 126 people (5.9%) since the 2006 census. There were 822 households, comprising 1,197 males and 1,077 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.11 males per female. The median age was 40.1 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 486 people (21.4%) aged under 15 years, 396 (17.4%) aged 15 to 29, 1,086 (47.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 303 (13.3%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 81.0% European/Pākehā, 29.1% Māori, 3.8% Pacific peoples, 2.9% Asian, and 1.2% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 10.4, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 58.0% had no religion, 28.8% were Christian, 1.5% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.7% were Hindu, 0.4% were Buddhist and 1.2% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 168 (9.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 462 (25.9%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $34,200, compared with $31,800 nationally. 285 people (16.0%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 969 (54.3%) people were employed full-time, 252 (14.1%) were part-time, and 81 (4.5%) were unemployed.[24]

 
The south end of Huntly, showing parts of the open-pit mining typical of the area

Major industries

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Huntly Power Station is a large gas/coal-fired power station, prominently situated on the western bank of the Waikato River. It is New Zealand's largest thermal power station, situated in the area which is New Zealand's largest producer of coal, producing over 10,000 tonnes a day.[25]

Huntly is also surrounded by farmland and lakes (many of them former open-pit mines) which are used for coarse fishing, yachting and waterskiing.[citation needed]

Coal

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The Waikato coalfield is formed of 30 -35m year old Eocene-Oligocene rocks. The lowest coal measures are the Taupiri Seams, worked at Rotowaro, the upper Kupakupa and Renown Seams having been largely worked out.[26]

The area has a very long history of coal mining, with both open cast and classical mines operating or having operated here.[27] The major New Zealand clients for the mined coal are the power station and the New Zealand Steel mill at Glenbrook.

The first coal to be mined was half a ton at Taupiri in 1849,[28] followed by 32 tons in 1850,[29] opposite Kupa Kupa, about 5 km (3.1 mi) south of Huntly,[30] and coal was also discovered at Papahorohoro, near Taupiri.[31] However, it wasn't being exploited when the geologist, Ferdinand von Hochstetter, visited it in 1859.[32] It was used to fuel steamers during the 1863 invasion of the Waikato.[33] Kupakupa mine was started in 1864[34] and produced 11,000 tons by 1866.[35] The area was confiscated in 1865.[36] It was auctioned by government in 1867.[37]

Taupiri Coal Co was producing 1,300 tons a month by 1879,[38] up from 5,300 tons a year in 1878.[39] A mine across the river from Kupakupa was opened in 1879.[40]

On 12 September 1914 at the Ralph Mine in Huntly, a naked light caused an explosion that killed 43 coal miners.[41]

After the Pukemiro railway opened in 1915, mines opened at Pukemiro, Glen Afton, Rotowaro, Waikōkōwai and Renown. Open cast mining began west of Huntly during World War 2, and later an opencast mine at Kimihia.[42]

O’Reilly’s Opencast Mine

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This was the last mine operating in Huntly (off Riverview Rd),[43] producing 24,708 tonnes in 2016.[44] It was a privately owned mine, opened in 1957[45] and mainly selling to New Zealand Steel.[46] It closed in 2018.[47] Puke Mine and Rotowaro are the only mines still open in the Huntly area.[44]

Huntly East Coalmine

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Solid Energy closed this Huntly mine on 22 October 2015,[48] saying it was losing $500,000 a month. It opened in 1978, produced a peak of 465,000 tonnes in 2004[49] and was digging about 450,000 tonnes a year[50] until production was cut to 100,000 tonnes in September 2013.[49] The mine entrance was in Huntly East, but by 2012 all mining was west of the Waikato, with roadways 150 metres below the river, the two 8 to 20 metre thick sub-bituminous seams being 150 to 400 metres deep. In 2012 it was estimated that 7 million tonnes of recoverable coal remained in the consented mining areas, with a further 12 million available for future expansion. Coal was mined by remote-controlled continuous miners and taken to the entrance in shuttle cars and then by conveyor belt. It continued to Glenbrook via the Kimihia branch railway and the NIMT. It employed about 200 in 2012,[50] but was down to 68 at closure.[51]

Kimihia Wetland was created on the former bed of Lake Kimihia to cope with subsidence and treat water from Huntly East Mine.[50]

Bricks

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Clay suited for bricks lies on top of some of the coal deposits.[52] Brick making began in 1884, Huntly Brick and Fireclay was established in 1911 and Shinagawa Refractories continues on the site[53] at the south end of the town.[54] Nearby, Clay Bricks operate a brickworks.[55]

Rugby league

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Huntly has a proud rugby league history – at one time the town had four rugby league clubs: Taniwharau, Huntly South, Huntly United and Rangiriri Eels. Taniwharau has been one of the most successful clubs having won 11 straight Waikato premierships during the 1970s and 1980s. Taniwharau also won the inaugural Waicoa Bay championship in 2002 and again in 2007 a year in which they went through the season unbeaten; a feat that has never been achieved before at the Waikato premier level. The Waicoa Bay championship is a combined rugby league competition involving clubs from Waikato, Bay of Plenty and Coastlines.

A number of New Zealand players have come out of Huntly including pre war players Tom Timms, Richard Trautvetter and Len Mason who also, after the 1926 Kiwi tour of Great Britain finished his playing career at Wigan, playing a record 365 games in 9 years including a winning Challenge Cup final at Wembley in 1929. Post war players include Albert Hambleton, Reg Cooke, Graeme Farrar, Roger Tait, Ted Baker, Paul Ravlich, Tawera Nikau (Rangiriri) and, more recently, Wairangi Koopu (Taniwharau) and Lance Hohaia (Taniwharau). Other Kiwi players to come out of Huntly include Andy Berryman, Don Parkinson, Rick Muru, Kevin Fisher and Vaun O'Callaghan.[56] The town has also produced numerous NZ Māori Rugby league representatives and two international referees; Arthur Harlock and Roland (Roly) Avery.

Bridges

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Tainui Bridge

Rail Bridge After a first pile driving ceremony in 1911,[57] the punt (opened 18 September 1894)[58] was replaced in 1915 by a road/rail bridge serving the Pukemiro railway.[59]

Tainui Bridge is a 7-span bowstring-arch[60] for road traffic opened in 1959, when the 1915 bridge became rail only, and a footbridge was attached to its side.[61] Tainui Bridge was strengthened in 2005[60] to allow 500 tonne turbines[62] to be carried to the Power Station,[63] work which gained an award.[64] Seismic strengthening was done in 2011.[60] The bridge was repainted in 2016.[65]

A footbridge across Shand Lane, the 1978 SH1 bypass[66] and NIMT links Glasgow St with Main St.[67] The 14-tonne central span was raised from 4.8 to 5.25m in 2010 to provide clearance for Te Uku construction trucks. It was also closed twice in 2015, firstly for repainting,[68] then again when the arm of an excavator on a truck hit the bridge,[69] requiring also temporary closure of SH1.[70] Cameras and extra rails have been installed to improve safety,[71] following stone throwing.[72]

Education

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Huntly has five co-educational schools. The rolls given here are as of August 2024.[73]

Huntly College is a state secondary school covering years 9 to 13,[74] with a roll of 181. The college was opened in 1953.[75]

Huntly School and Huntly West School are state full primary schools covering years 1 to 8,[76][77] with rolls of 196 and 113 respectively.

St Anthony's Catholic School is a state-integrated full primary school covering years 1 to 8,[78] with a roll of 83.

Te Wharekura o Rākaumangamanga is a state composite school covering years 1 to 13.[79] with a roll of 366. It provides a Māori language immersive education.[80]

The suburb of Kimihia also has a primary school, Kimihia School.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  2. ^ a b c "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  3. ^ "Huntly section of Waikato Expressway open to traffic". Stuff.co.nz. 9 March 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  4. ^ "Te Huia launch date confirmed". www.waikatoregion.govt.nz. 10 February 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
  5. ^ About Huntly – History Archived 31 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine (from the 'huntly.co.nz' website. Accessed 20 February 2008.)
  6. ^ "Overcoming the past and looking to the future – the story of a wharekura". Education Gazette. 100 (1). Ministry of Education. 4 February 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  7. ^ Harrison, Barbara (1998). "Te Wharekura o Rakaumangamanga: The development of an indigenous language immersion school". Bilingual Research Journal. 22 (2–4): 297. doi:10.1080/15235882.1998.10162727.
  8. ^ "Te Kāhui Māngai directory". tkm.govt.nz. Te Puni Kōkiri.
  9. ^ a b "Māori Maps". maorimaps.com. Te Potiki National Trust.
  10. ^ "Marae Announcements" (Excel). growregions.govt.nz. Provincial Growth Fund. 9 October 2020.
  11. ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Huntly West (171400) and Huntly East (171500).
  12. ^ a b "2018 Census place summaries Huntly East". www.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  13. ^ a b "2018 Census place summaries Huntly West". www.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  14. ^ "THE NEW ZEALAND OFFICIAL YEAR-BOOK, 1897".
  15. ^ "THE NEW ZEALAND OFFICIAL YEAR-BOOK, 1902".
  16. ^ "THE NEW ZEALAND OFFICIAL YEAR-BOOK, 1907".
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  18. ^ "THE NEW ZEALAND OFFICIAL YEAR-BOOK, 1917".
  19. ^ "THE NEW ZEALAND OFFICIAL YEAR-BOOK, 1921–22".
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  23. ^ "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  24. ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Huntly Rural (171200). 2018 Census place summary: Huntly Rural
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  29. ^ "The New Zealander". 9 November 1850. p. 2. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  30. ^ "routes and surveys by Ferdinand von Hochstetter, 1859". www.aucklandcity.govt.nz. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  31. ^ "The New-Zealander". 23 February 1850. p. 2. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  32. ^ "Lecture on the Geology of the Province of Auckland. by Dr. Ferdinand Hochstetter". Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle. 3 August 1859. p. 1. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  33. ^ "The Daily Southern Cross". 22 December 1863. p. 3. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  34. ^ "The Waikato War". New Zealander. 1864. p. 6. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  35. ^ "Lecture on the Waikato by Major Heaphy". Daily Southern Cross. 16 July 1866. p. 4. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  36. ^ "Proclamation of Native Lands Under the New Zealand Settlements Act". Daily Southern Cross. 21 June 1865. p. 5. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  37. ^ "Page 5 Advertisements Column 1". New Zealand Herald. 19 July 1867. p. 5. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  38. ^ "Taupiri Coal Mines". New Zealand Herald. 11 April 1879. p. 5. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  39. ^ "Facts Culled from the Public Works Statement". Colonist. 12 September 1878. p. 2. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  40. ^ "Parliament". New Zealand Times. 10 December 1879. p. 2. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  41. ^ "Mining: Ralph's Mine". Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
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  43. ^ "Google Maps". Retrieved 5 February 2018.
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  46. ^ "O'Reilly's Opencast | New Zealand Mining Investment Opportunities". www.miningnz.co.nz. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
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  48. ^ "Coal mining stops at Huntly East". NZ Railway Observer: 195 (photo of last train on 21 Oct on page 199). December 2015.
  49. ^ a b "Solid Energy proposes to halt production at Huntly East Mine in New Zealand". Mining Technology. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  50. ^ a b c "Huntly East Mine" (PDF). Solid Energy. May 2012.
  51. ^ "'Other mines will sell' – Solid Energy". Stuff. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  52. ^ "COAL IN THE WAIKATO: A 20FT SEAM BEING WORKED OPEN-CAST AT HUNTLY". www.aucklandcity.govt.nz. 28 May 1914. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  53. ^ Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. "4. – Waikato places – Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand". teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  54. ^ "CONTACT | Shinagawa Refractories Australasia". www.shinagawa.com.au. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  55. ^ "Clay Bricks". www.claybricks.co.nz. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  56. ^ "Kiwis Roll of Honour A – Z". Archived from the original on 22 February 2013.
  57. ^ "IMPORTANT DAY AT HUNTLY (Waikato Argus, 1911-10-24)". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz National Library of New Zealand. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  58. ^ "HUNTLY. (Waikato Times, 1894-09-18)". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz National Library of New Zealand. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  59. ^ "The Waikato River at Huntly, showing the fine new Ferro-Concrete Bridge and the Old Punt". www.aucklandcity.govt.nz. 30 October 1913. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  60. ^ a b c "Tainui Bridge to undergo upgrades". Stuff.co.nz. 14 February 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  61. ^ "History of Huntly". www.huntly.net.nz. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  62. ^ "Project Gallery | Industrial Site Services, NZ". www.iss.co.nz. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  63. ^ "Brian Perry Civil : Projects : Huntly Tainui Bridge". www.brianperrycivil.co.nz. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  64. ^ "Tainui Bridge project takes top contracting award | Scoop News". www.scoop.co.nz. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  65. ^ "Tainui Bridge Repainting". Waikato District Council. Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  66. ^ "Highway Information Sheet 01N-0519" (PDF). AucklandMotorways.
  67. ^ "Google map of central Huntly". Google Maps. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  68. ^ "Huntly footbridge removed for clean and paint". Stuff. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  69. ^ "Truck hits Huntly footbridge on SH1". Stuff. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  70. ^ "Huntly footbridge reinstalled Sunday night". Waikato District Council. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  71. ^ "News and press releases – KiwiRail". www.kiwirail.co.nz. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  72. ^ "Huntly rock throwing victim angry". Stuff. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  73. ^ "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  74. ^ Education Counts: Huntly College
  75. ^ "Welcome to Te Kura Tuarua oo Raahui Pookeka | Huntly College". Huntly College. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  76. ^ Education Counts: Huntly School
  77. ^ Education Counts: Huntly West School
  78. ^ Education Counts: St Anthony's Catholic School
  79. ^ Education Counts: Te Wharekura o Rākaumangamanga
  80. ^ "Te Kura o Rākaumangamanga – 30/01/2020". Education Review Office. 30 January 2020.
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