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Wagner Group–Russian Ministry of Defence conflict

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The rivalry between the then-head of Wagner Group, Yevgeny Prigozhin, and the leadership of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, headed by Sergei Shoigu, in the public sphere began in 2022 during the Russian invasion of Ukraine[2] and ultimately led to the Wagner Group rebellion on the 23rd to 24th of June 2023.

Wagner Group–Russian Ministry of Defence conflict
Part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
The main participants in the conflict, Yevgeny Prigozhin (left) and Sergei Shoigu (right)
Date26 December 2022[1] – 23 August 2023
(7 months and 4 weeks)
Location
Russia, Russian-occupied Ukraine
Caused byDisagreements between Yevgeny Prigozhin and the Ministry of Defence
GoalsRemoval of Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu and Chief of General Staff Valery Gerasimov
Resulted in
Parties
Lead figures
Casualties
Death(s)15–31 killed during rebellion
InjuriesSome injured during clashes between Russian Armed Forces and Wagner Group
ArrestedMany of Prigozhin's sympathizers arrested

According to United States officials, Yevgeny Prigozhin had longstanding disputes with the Russian Ministry of Defence (MoD) "for years" prior to the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. However, these tensions escalated and became more public during this stage of the Russo-Ukrainian War.[3][4][5] During the initial stages of the invasion, the Russian Ground Forces suffered significant casualties, but the announcement of mobilization for reservists was delayed by Russian president Vladimir Putin. As a result, authorities actively sought to enlist mercenaries for the invasion, which led to a heightened influence and power for Prigozhin and the Wagner Group. Prigozhin was allocated substantial resources, including his own aviation assets. Additionally, starting in the summer of 2022, he gained the authority to recruit inmates from Russian prisons into the Wagner Group in exchange for their freedom.[6] Western intelligence estimated that the number of Wagner mercenaries increased from "several thousand" fighters around 2017–2018 to approximately 50,000 fighters by December 2022, with the majority comprising criminal convicts recruited from prisons.[6]

Although the government provided them with increasingly large resources, Wagner had no legal authority. Prigozhin held no official position and was neither appointed nor elected, meaning that he technically had no authority to answer to.[7] Furthermore, Prigozhin gained international recognition and abandoned his previously secluded personal life.[8] He frequently reported news from the front line while wearing military fatigues. Wagner began to be perceived as Prigozhin's private army, operating beyond the boundaries of Russian legislation and the country's military hierarchy. Dissatisfaction arose within the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and the General Staff, leading them to make efforts to curtail Prigozhin's growing influence.[7] In early February 2023, Prigozhin announced that Wagner had ceased recruiting prisoners,[9] which the British Defence Ministry interpreted as a government ban on such recruitment. This change was expected to diminish the group's fighting capacity.[10]

Conversely, Prigozhin portrayed himself as a populist figure who confronted the military establishment,[11] repeatedly accusing it of failing to protect national interests. On 1 October 2022, during Ukraine's Kharkiv counteroffensive, which expelled Russia from most of the region, Prigozhin criticized the Russian command, stating that "All these bastards ought to be sent to the front barefoot with just a submachine gun."[12] Due to his increased influence, Prigozhin was among the few who dared to complain about the military commanders to Putin.[13][14] Prigozhin primarily targeted the MoD, characterizing its officials as corrupt.[4][5] However, he also criticized other segments of the Russian elite,[15] including the members of Russian parliament and Russian oligarchs, whom he accused of attempting to "steal everything that belongs to the people" during the war.[16][15] In one of his statements, Prigozhin criticized Russian elite and their children for enjoying a luxurious and carefree life while ordinary people die in the war. Prigozhin drew parallels between this "division in society" and the one preceding the 1917 Russian Revolution, warning of potential uprisings by "soldiers and their loved ones" against such injustice.[17][18] The Institute for the Study of War noted that Prigozhin's statements increased his influence within the ultranationalist Russian milblogger community.[19]

During the grueling battle of Bakhmut, tensions between the Wagner Group and the MoD reached a critical juncture.[19] Prigozhin repeatedly voiced his dissatisfaction with the Kremlin's inadequate ammunition supply. He issued threats of withdrawing his forces unless his demands were fulfilled, specifically blaming Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu and Chief of the General Staff Valery Gerasimov for the significant loss of life among Wagner fighters, which he claimed amounted to "tens of thousands" of casualties;[20] on another occasion he stated the number of casualties as 20,000.[21]

Following the Russian proclamation of victory in Bakhmut in late May 2023, Wagner began withdrawing from the city, giving way to regular troops.[22] Internal conflicts persisted between Wagner and the military during this transition.[23][24] Prigozhin claimed that the military made attempts to assault his retreating forces on both 3 June[25][26] and 5 June,[27][28] further claiming that the Russian military had laid mines on the route taken by Wagner during their retreat from Bakhmut.[29] On 5 June 2023, Prigozhin released a video through his social media platforms, purporting to depict the apprehended Lt. Colonel Roman Venevitin of Russia's 72nd Brigade, confessing to having ordered his troops to open fire on retreating Wagner forces, purportedly under the influence of alcohol.[27][28]

The culmination of the Bakhmut battle, where Wagner played a pivotal role, marked the onset of a period of increasing isolation from the establishment.[29] On 6 June 2023, Prigozhin made a public accusation, asserting that influential individuals were actively sabotaging his highly profitable catering enterprise in association with the Russian military. For more than ten years, these catering contracts had served as a source of his wealth and clout.[29] Concurrently, Prigozhin witnessed a surge in popularity, marking a notable shift in his public perception from non-political to political persona.[30][31]

Background

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Growing influence of Wagner Group

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According to Meduza, on the eve of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Prigozhin developed tense relations with the Russian leadership. According to its sources, Prigozhin was in conflict with both the Russian Defence Ministry and the Presidential Administration. Prigozhin criticized Shoigu for the actions of the Russian army in Syria, saying that the Russian military is operating there with "outdated methods". In turn, Shoigu did not like the provision of food for the Russian army by Prigozhin's companies.[32]

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, in 2022–23, there was a sharp rise in the influence of Yevgeny Prigozhin and his Wagner Group. While in 2017–2018, the number of Wagner members was estimated at several thousand, then by January 2023, according to Western intelligence estimates, the number reached 50 thousand.[2]

The growth of the influence of Wagner was due to the failure of the initial plans of the Russian leadership to quickly defeat Ukraine. In the first months of the invasion, the Russian army suffered significant losses, but Russian President Vladimir Putin delayed the announcement of mobilization for a long time. Under such conditions, the Russian authorities began to actively recruit mercenaries to participate in the hostilities. Thus, a large number of heterogeneous Russian silovik forces began to take part in the invasion, apart from the main military branches and the Donbas republics' militias: the National Guard, Kadyrovites, the FSB, and various private military companies. Internal competition began to emerge between these forces.[33]

According to Prigozhin, the Russian leadership approached him on 16 March 2022, when the Russian invasion of Ukraine "did not go according to plan". On 19 March, his mercenaries arrived from Africa and immediately engaged in the Battle of Popasna.[34] During 2022, Wagner received significant resources, including its own aviation and heavy artillery, and the right to recruit Russian prisoners.[35] Wagner functioned as a private army of Yevgeny Prigozhin, acting outside of Russian law and outside the military hierarchy of the Russian Federation. The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation and the Russian General Staff were unhappy with this situation and began to try to limit Prigozhin's growing influence.[2] In turn, he began to publicly criticize the Ministry of Defence in harsh terms,[36] including calling Russian commanders who allowed Russian forces to retreat in the Kherson and Kharkiv regions "bastards".[34]

On 24 October 2022 the Institute for the Study of War wrote that Yevgeny Prigozhin and his Wagner were gaining strength, creating parallel military structures to the Russian Defence Ministry, which posed a threat to Vladimir Putin's power in the future. In the fall of 2022, Prigozhin sarcastically said that he was building the "Wagner line" so that the Russian armed forces, which, according to him, were hiding behind the backs of Wagner, would feel safe.[37]

Prigozhin becomes increasingly recognizable

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Yevgeny Prigozhin became well known after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Prior to that, he long denied his ties with the Wagner Group and would sue journalists who claimed otherwise; only in the fall of 2022, he admitted that he was the founder of Wagner.[38] Wagner existed outside of the legal framework of Russia, and back in 2018, the Kremlin Press Secretary Dmitry Peskov said: "De jure we do not have such legal entities as private military companies.[39] Regardless of this, in the course of the war with Ukraine, Wagner started to become a recognized entity.[38] The Russian state media began to mention Wagner more often, billboards began to appear in Russian cities advertising Prigozhin's military company, and members would even come to Russian schools to participate in "Important conversations" classes.[38] By January 2023, in Russia appeared a legal entity "PMC Wagner Center" in the building of the business center of the same name in Saint Petersburg.[39] Prior to that, there was not a single legal entity in Russia, which would have mentioned Wagner in its name.[39]

After a video of Yevgeny Nuzhin's execution with a sledgehammer appeared on the Internet in November 2022, Prigozhin makes the sledgehammer one of the symbols of Wagner.[38][40][41] Prigozhin created an image of a military leader who is ready to deal with traitors and refuseniks in the most brutal way.[38] However, according to the Vyorstka Media publication, Prigozhin's reputation among Russian participants in the invasion of Ukraine was ambiguous.[42] Some of the military supported him and even some of them wrote reports on their transfer to Wagner.[42] For example, one of the officers interviewed by journalists said: "I can say for our guys that almost everyone is for him. The guy is serious. Shoigu is an asshole, it's a fact".[42] According to a Russian mobilizer, the support for Prigozhin was due to the incompetence of the commanders of the Russian regular army and the lies of the top officials of the MoD.[42] However, part of the military sharply criticized Prigozhin and the Wagner Group, in particular for the practice of extrajudicial executions.[42] Former Wagner employees told reporters on condition of anonymity that their attitude towards Prigozhin was changed by the publication of the video of the execution of Nuzhin.[42] They became frightened that Wagner had become a "beaten down" organization, and they saw Prigozhin as "crazy", "out of control" and not saving other people's lives.[42]

A source of the iStories publication said: [43]

Prigozhin is a popular theory among the siloviks: He is the sword of Damocles hanging over the elite, and is needed to curb it and maintain an atmosphere of fear. In his opinion, Prigozhin's activity was coordinated with Putin, who, knowing the doubts of the Russian elites about the necessity of war with Ukraine, threatened them with Prigozhin, whose activity is not limited by the law. It has been suggested that Prigozhin's activity was necessary for Putin to "keep defence minister Sergei Shoigu and his subordinates in line".

Another iStories source, close to the MoD, said that Wagner was fully dependent on the supply of ammunition, logistics, medical, and other military infrastructure, without which Prigozhin's army would have quickly become ineffective. However, although Prigozhin was an irritant to many in the FSB and the MoD, Wagner continued to operate at the instigation of the president.[43] Another journalist source from among former security services suggested that the Kremlin was preparing Prigozhin to fill the political niche of the deceased LDPR leader Vladimir Zhirinovsky, and that Prigozhin could also be assigned the role of "supervisor" of war veterans in Ukraine after their return to Russia, so that combat veterans would not create problems for the authorities.[43] According to the iStories interlocutor, none of the "systemic politicians" that existed in Russia were suitable for this role, since combat veterans did not recognize such politicians, while they all knew Prigozhin. At the same time, Putin needed a personally dedicated politician, who Prigozhin looked like.[43] Given a hypothetical negative development of events for the Putin regime, according to the interlocutor of journalists, it was Prigozhin who could be assigned the role of "Putin's guardsman", who would be able to carry out a demonstrative beating of the Russian elite, repression and execution.[43] Many political observers also compared Prigozhin and his PMC to the oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible.[44] At the same time, a businessman close to Putin's entourage said that Prigozhin was "more about money than politics", and, according to him, Prigozhin was a member of Putin's inner circle, being personally loyal to the Russian president and "tied to him by blood".[43]

Conflict

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Tensions enter the public sphere

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First public accusations

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In December 2022, the Wagner Group first sounded out loud accusations against the ministry of defence.[45] Videos circulating on Telegram alleged that Wagner fighters had appealed to the Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, Valery Gerasimov, because of the problems in providing their units with shells, with fighters calling Gerasimov a "faggot" and a "devil".[45][34] Prigozhin himself said about this statement at the time: "As for the appeal to Gerasimov, I agree that the wording should be more correct. However, the problems that exist should be dealt with jointly".[45] Then, one of the former Wagner fighters, in an interview with the BBC said: "I think it's a conflict between the Defence Ministry and Prigozhin. And it is escalating."[33] The BBC journalists noted that although various public conflicts between Russian siloviks have occurred repeatedly since the start of the invasion of Ukraine, citing as an example the conflict between Alexander Khodakovsky and Kadyrovites, no one had previously publicly called the Chief of the Russian General Staff a "faggot".[33]

In January 2023, Prigozhin and the MoD had a dispute in absentia over whose merit was the capture of Soledar: The head of Wagner claimed that Soledar was captured only by his fighters, while the MoD did not mention the Wagnerites in its reports on the battle of Soledar for a long time.[45] Then Putin's press secretary Dmitry Peskov said that the conflict between Prigozhin and the Russian Ministry of Defence exists only in the information field.[45]

Criticism of Sergei Shoigu's family

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Family members of Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu also became an object of mockery by Yevgeny Prigozhin.[46] On 20 February 2023, in his address to the Ministry of Defence, Prigozhin said, "I am not poking you in the nose with the fact that you sit down to breakfast, lunch and dinner from gold dishes, and send your daughters, granddaughters and dogs on vacation in Dubai. Not embarrassed by anything. At a time when a Russian soldier is dying at the front. I'm just asking – give me ammunition!"[47] In February 2023, Sergei Shoigu's son-in-law Alexei Stolyarov liked Yuri Dud's anti-war post on Instagram.[48] After it gained media attention, Stolyarov even got into a skirmish with one of his critics, calling him a "Z-scum" but Stolyarov soon claimed that he was "not liking anything".[48][49] Prigozhin stated: "We have to catch Stolyarov and bring him to me. I will train him for six weeks, and since I am a Z-scum myself, I will help him to reform by sending him to combat".[48]

In May 2023, Prigozhin spoke out again about the Shoigu family: "Shoigu's son-in-law walks around shaking his buttocks, meaning his buttocks, and his daughter opens the Kronstadt forts. Did you earn money for these forts?! You spend your money on these forts? Spend it on fucking ammunition. And when the Minister of Defence shakes his little daughter and shakes some motherfucker who's a blogger, and also bends his fingers that he doesn't like the special operation... We didn't come up with this special operation, but we took a visor and said: 'If we went to fuck with our neighbors, we should fuck all the way'."[50] Criticizing the idle lifestyle of the children of the Russian elite, Prigozhin noted: "And it turns out that men are fighting, while some people just like to have fun. How can Shoigu's son-in-law go to the Arab Emirates and shake his "booty"? Obviously, it's a bit gay. It's so fucking gay, but that's okay, it's their family's choice".[49]

Escalation during the battle of Bakhmut

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Complaints over ammunitions shortages

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In February 2023, the competition between the Ministry of Defence and Wagner began to intensify against the background of the Russian winter offensive, with the only success Russian forces managed to achieve being in the direction of Bakhmut, which was accomplished by Wagner forces at the cost of heavy losses.[51][52][53] Since February 2023, Prigozhin began to complain about the "shell hunger" of Wagner during the heavy fighting for Bakhmut.[54] On 16 February, Wagner fighters published a video, where, in an emphatically polite manner, they addressed the Russian Defence Ministry with a request to give them ammunition. Then Prigozhin confirmed that it was his soldiers, and reported that the appeal had some effect. But soon a video surfaced on the Internet, where soldiers with insignia of Wagner fired machine guns at the portraits of General Gerasimov and the Chief of Staff of the Ground Forces Alexander Lapin with the words "Fucking awesome machine gun, fucking generals". Prigozhin called this video a "Ukrainian fake". On 20 February, Prigozhin published a new appeal in which he stated that although there is ammunition in military depots, the MoD deliberately does not issue it to Wagner. On 21 February, the ministry said that despite the "exaggerated statements appearing on certain information resources" about a shortage of ammunition, however, all requests for ammunition are fulfilled for the assault troops in the shortest possible time". On 22 February, Prigozhin published another audio message, where he accused Shoigu and Gerasimov personally of not providing ammunition to Wagner detachments. He said: "The Wagner PMC kind of does not exist. We used to be given ammunition formally for some military units, which like to take Bakhmut instead of us". According to Prigozhin, "the Wagner PMC is walking around like a beggar, from the world by a thread, asking unit commanders to help in some way".[needs copy edit] Prigozhin then published a photo with the bodies of dead Wagner fighters, saying that, because of the lack of ammunition, his squads are suffering heavy losses.[45] He said: "We're just going to die twice as much until everyone runs out. And when all the Wagnerites run out, then most likely Shoigu and Gerasimov will have to take the machine guns.[45] Prigozhin's media companies launched the #DayShellsToWagners media campaign, which was active all spring 2023.[54][45]

Military expert Yuri Fedorov noted that Prigozhin "simply uses" the problem of ammunition shortage for his confrontation with the Russian Defense Ministry, since other units of the Russian forces also had a shortage of shells, as former commander of the Vostok battalion Alexander Khodakovsky said in particular.[45]

According to political analyst Abbas Gallyamov, Prigozhin tried to show himself as "the main savior of the Fatherland", which displeased the MoD, while Wagner, according to Gallyamov, was not much more effective than the Russian army—and that, because of his intemperance, Prigozhin began to cause Putin many political problems.[45]

Prigozhin intensifies rhetoric

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At the end of April, Prigozhin began stating that he was ready to withdraw his forces from Bakhmut.[54] In May 2023, he said: "We have been put on an artificial shortage of ammunition that is in storage. We were receiving no more than 30% of our needs. So our losses were much higher than they should have been, but we were getting ahead. A month ago they stopped giving us ammunition, and we're getting no more than 10%."[34]

On 5 May, Prigozhin published a video in which he shouted with a face distorted with anger against the bodies of the murdered Wagnerites: "Now listen to me, bitches, these are somebody's fathers and somebody's sons. And those scum who don't give ammunition, bitch, will eat their guts in hell. We have a 70% ammunition shortage. Shoigu, Gerasimov, where the fuck is the ammunition? Look at them, bitches."[55] Prigozhin said to the Russian military commanders: "You sit in expensive clubs, your children enjoy life, you make videos on YouTube. You think that you are the masters of this life, and that you have the right to dispose of their lives.[55] In the same video, he stated that on 10 May he would withdraw his forces from Bakhmut to the rear camps to "lick their wounds," since "in the absence of ammunition they are doomed to senseless death".. Prigozhin addressed Gerasimov and Shoigu personally and said: "You will be responsible for tens of thousands of deaths (...). And I will achieve it!"[34]

On 6 May, Prigozhin, in his next address, revealed for the first time publicly that he was banned from recruiting mercenaries among inmates, although information about this appeared as early as February 2023. According to the head of Wagner, the Russian military command took such a step "to compensate for their failures, because of envy". According to Prigozhin, the Russian military department also stopped issuing awards to dead fighters of his PMCs, and did not allow Wagner to use special communications and transport aircraft.[54]

On 7 May, Prigozhin said that he received a military order, which included an order to provide Wagner with everything necessary, and General Sergei Surovikin was to be responsible for interaction with the army and Wagner. However, in his 9 May video message, Prigozhin said that this never happened. Prigozhin accused the Chief of the Russian General Staff Valery Gerasimov of allegedly ordering him to give 10% of the required number of shells. Prigozhin said: "If there is no ammunition, then we will leave the position and ask the question – who is cheating on the motherland after all."[54] In a video published shortly before the start of the Victory Parade in Moscow, he berated the Russian military command and added: "The happy grandpa thinks he's happy. But what is the country to do if suddenly it turns out that grandpa is a complete asshole?"[56][57] According to Meduza, the Kremlin negatively reacted to Prigozhin's words about "grandpa". "Of course, he can then say that this is about Shoigu or about an abstract layman, but people draw understandable conclusions.[58]

Observers have noted the ambiguity of Wagner Group's reputation. Although Prigozhin tried to position Wagner as an effective military structure, this image has been criticized, including by Russian pro-war bloggers.[34] They noted that up to 80% of the assault teams of Wagner consisted of former prisoners, and that Wagner created results on the battlefield by conducting "meat assaults", during which Wagner suffered heavy losses.[34] According to a number of Russian pro-war bloggers, despite Prigozhin's public criticism of the Russian Defense Ministry, Wagner received ammunition at the expense of other parts of the front, and "shell hunger" was observed in general along the entire battle line, and not only from the Russian side, but also from the Ukrainian side.[34]

Wagner withdrawal announced

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On 2 June, Prigozhin announced the withdrawal of Wagner forces from Bakhmut. At the same time, Prigozhin accused representatives of the Russian Ministry of Defense that they had allegedly mined the escape routes of Wagner forces from Bakhmut.[59]

On 5 June, the Prigozhin press service published a video, in which Wagner members interrogated the commander of the Russian 72nd Brigade, Lieutenant Colonel Roman Venevitin.[60] Venevitin, with traces of beatings on his face, said on the video that he "in a state of alcoholic intoxication" due to personal animosity fired at a Wagner car. However, according to the documents published on the Prigozhin channel, the incident with the capture of Venevitin occurred as early as 17 May. According to a lawyer interviewed by BBC journalists, "the capture of a lieutenant colonel of the Russian Armed Forces by Wagnerites is an armed kidnapping of a public servant in the line of duty, committed by an organized group". In addition, the actions Wagner fell under a number of related articles, including Article 318, Part 2 of the Criminal Code "threatening to use violence dangerous to life or health," which could result in up to 10 years in prison.. Journalists also noted that back in late May 2023 a video surfaced where Storm-Z fighters accused Venevitin of giving "criminal orders" and complained about death threats from Venevitin.[36] On 8 June Venevitin himself published his own video, in which he claimed that he had been kidnapped, beaten, and threatened with execution. According to him, Wagner members also behaved this way towards other Russian servicemen.[61]

Prigozhin as a populist critic

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Within a few months, Prigozhin underwent a metamorphosis, beginning to position himself as a "truth teller", ready to speak the unpleasant truth and to criticize the Russian leadership in the harshest terms.[38] In addition to his rhetoric against the Ministry of Defense, Prigozhin also had a conflict with the leadership of the Chechen Republic, and personally with its Head, Ramzan Kadyrov.[36]

By June 2023, Prigozhin was aiming for the image of the "people's hero of the Special Military Operation". In May 2023, according to Russian opinion polls, Prigozhin's approval rating reached 4%, equaling that of Speaker of the State Duma Vyacheslav Volodin and CPRF leader Gennady Zyuganov.[42] The sociological service Russian Field noted that Prigozhin "is fighting not only on the external front, but also on the internal front, actively earning recognition and a rating. And he converts the former into the latter very well.[42] According to Russian sociologists and political scientists, Prigozhin increased his visibility "through a combination of aggressive marketing and specific achievements," in particular he tried to "sell" the capture of Bakhmut to the public as his personal merit, and since Bakhmut was the only major capture of the Russian army in many months, the public could not ignore such an achievement".[42]

On 27 May 2023, milblogger and former Defense Minister of the Donetsk People's Republic, Igor "Strelkov" Girkin accused Prigozhin of conspiring to employ the Wagner Group to orchestrate a coup within Russia. Girkin further claimed that Prigozhin was actively flouting the Russian 2022 war censorship laws by openly criticizing the Russian high command and that his forces were effectively in a state of mutiny.[62] Prigozhin refuted these allegations, asserting that the Wagner Group did not possess a sufficiently large army to execute a coup.[63] By June 2023, Prigozhin had begun making regular statements that were not allowed to any other public figure in Russia. Journalists noted that many of his statements would have resulted in criminal charges against other people.[43] At this time, Prigozhin witnessed a surge in popularity among the Russian populace, particularly among nationalists. In a May survey conducted by the Levada Center, respondents were asked to identify the politicians they trusted the most, and for the first time, Prigozhin emerged as one of the top ten names on the list, marking a notable shift in his public perception from non-political to political persona.[30][31]

The Dutch political scientist Cas Mudde described Prigozhin's "program" as a radical populist movement. The general principles of such a movement: a rigid division of society into "good people" and "bad elite", a demand (and promise) to save the nation, and authoritarian methods of implementing these slogans.[64][65]

Wagner Group rebellion

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Main article: Wagner Group rebellion

On the afternoon of 23 June, Yevgeny Prigozhin released a large interview with harsh accusations against the leadership of the Russian Ministry of Defense, in which he stated that the Russian Ministry of Defense deliberately deceived the Russian public and Vladimir Putin about the upcoming NATO-backed offensives of the AFU in 2022 and about the increase of "Ukrainian military aggression" before Russia launched an invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. Prigozhin said that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy was ready for negotiations with the Kremlin, but the Russian leadership refused due to its "maximalist positions". Also, Prigozhin accused the oligarchs and the Russian military leadership of launching a full-scale invasion to obtain assets of the occupied Ukrainian territories, higher military ranks, military awards and for "self-promotion".[66]

On 23 June 2023, Prigozhin said that there were missile strikes by the Russian military against Wagner rear camps. In response to Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, Prigozhin said: "This creature will be stopped". The Russian Defense Ministry said that all the messages and videos spread in social networks on behalf of Prigozhin about the Russian military strikes on the positions of Wagner do not correspond to reality and are an "informational provocation". After that, the FSB opened a criminal case against Yevgeny Prigozhin under Article 279 of the Criminal Code, suspecting him of organizing an armed insurgency.[67]

After the rebellion led by Yevgeny Prigozhin failed, the Wagner Group began withdrawing its forces from Russia and began moving them to Belarus as part of a deal signed with Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko that ended the rebellion.[68][69]

2023 Wagner Group plane crash

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Main article: 2023 Wagner Group plane crash

On 23 August, Prigozhin and nine others including fellow founder Dmitry Utkin were killed in a plane crash as his private jet traveled from Moscow to Saint Petersburg.[70] Russian state-owned media agency TASS reported that Prigozhin had been on the passenger list of the flight.[71] A Wagner-associated Telegram channel claimed the jet that Prigozhin was in was shot down by Russian air defenses over Tver Oblast.[72]

The Institute for the Study of War assessed that the crash, which they described as a targeted assassination, would ultimately eliminate the Wagner Group as a substantial threat to Putin.[73]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "«Шансы Пригожина тают». Чем может закончиться конфликт владельца ЧВК Вагнера с Минобороны".
  2. ^ a b c "Блеф или военный мятеж? Что означает ультиматум Евгения Пригожина" [Bluff or military mutiny? What does Evgeny Prigozhin's ultimatum mean?]. Belsat (in Russian). 5 May 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  3. ^ Sanger, David E.; Barnes, Julian E. (24 June 2023). "U.S. Suspected Prigozhin Was Preparing to Take Military Action Against Russia". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  4. ^ a b Lotareva, Anastasia; Barabanov, Ilya (5 June 2023). ЧВК "Вагнер" задержал подполковника российской армии и заставил извиниться. Что происходит? ["Wagner" detained a lieutenant colonel of the Russian army and forced him to apologize. What's happening]. BBC News Русская служба (in Russian). Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  5. ^ a b "A mercenaries' war – How Russia's invasion of Ukraine led to a 'secret mobilization' that allowed oligarch Evgeny Prigozhin to win back Putin's favor". Meduza. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  6. ^ a b "Russia's Wagner mercenaries halt prisoner recruitment campaign - Prigozhin". Reuters. 9 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 May 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  7. ^ a b "Блеф или военный мятеж? Что означает ультиматум Евгения Пригожина". belsat.eu. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  8. ^ Maynes, Charles (6 March 2023). "Yevgeny Prigozhin, 'Putin's Chef,' has emerged from the shadows with his Wagner Group". NPR. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  9. ^ Nechepurenko, Ivan (9 February 2023). "Wagner, the Russian mercenary group, says it has stopped recruiting prisoners". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  10. ^ Michael, Starr (21 March 2023). "End of Russian convict contracts may cause Wagner manpower issues". Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  11. ^ Kurmanaev, Anatoly; Crichton, Kyle (24 June 2023). "As Putin's Trusted Partner, Prigozhin Was Always Willing to Do the Dirty Work". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  12. ^ Davidoff, Victor (14 October 2022). "Reading the Tea Leaves of Russia's Pro-War 'Z-Universe'". The Moscow Times. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  13. ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Hudson, John; Sonne, Paul (26 October 2022). "Mercenary chief vented to Putin over Ukraine war bungling". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 4 May 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  14. ^ "Prigozhin's lesser war Now a 'full-fledged member of Putin's inner circle,' the Wagner Group's founder wages a crusade against St. Petersburg's loyalist governor, Alexander Beglov. What does this mean for the future of Putin's regime?". Meduza. 1 November 2022. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  15. ^ a b Roscoe, Matthew (11 October 2022). "Putin's ally Yevgeny Prigozhin urges Russian MPs to join Wagner Group on front line". EuroWeekly News. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  16. ^ «Олигархи пытаются украсть все, что принадлежит народу»: Пригожин обвинил бизнес в разворовывании России. Kapital-rus.ru (in Russian). 19 November 2022. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  17. ^ Faulconbridge, Guy (24 May 2023). "Mercenary Prigozhin warns Russia could face revolution unless elite gets serious about war". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  18. ^ "Prigozhin suggests that Russia follow North Korea's example so the country isn't "screwed up"". Ukrainska Pravda. 5 June 2023. Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  19. ^ a b Stepanenko, Kateryna; Kagan, Frederick W. (12 March 2023). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, March 12, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 23 May 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  20. ^ Lendon, Brad; Pennington, Josh; Pavlova, Uliana (5 May 2023). "Wagner chief says his forces are dying as Russia's military leaders 'sit like fat cats'". CNN. Archived from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  21. ^ Knickmeyer, Ellen (24 June 2023). "The mercenary chief who urged an uprising against Russia's generals has long ties to Putin". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  22. ^ Nechepurenko, Ivan (25 May 2023). "Wagner's Withdrawal From Bakhmut Would Present Test to Russian Army". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  23. ^ Dixon, Robyn; Ables, Kelsey; Bisset, Victoria; Stern, David; Parker, Claire; Abbakumova, Natalia (5 May 2023). "Ukraine live briefing: Head of Russia's Wagner mercenaries lashes out at Moscow; drone attacks target Russian oil refinery". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 26 June 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  24. ^ Nechepurenko, Ivan (25 May 2023). "Russia-Ukraine War: Russian Mercenary Leader Says His Forces Are Starting to Leave Bakhmut". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 May 2023.
  25. ^ Ljunggren, David (3 June 2023). Wallis, Daniel (ed.). "Russian forces tried to blow up my men, says mercenary boss Prigozhin". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  26. ^ Bailey, Riley; Mappes, Grace; Hird, Karolina; Kagan, Fredrick W. (3 June 2023). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 3, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  27. ^ a b Sauer, Pjotr (5 June 2023). "Wagner captures Russian commander as Prigozhin feud with army escalates". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  28. ^ a b "Wagner Captures Russian Soldier Accused of Firing on Its Positions". The Moscow Times. 5 June 2023. Archived from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  29. ^ a b c Sonne, Paul; Kurmanaev, Anatoly (27 June 2023). "His Glory Fading, a Russian Warlord Took One Last Stab at Power". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  30. ^ a b Chotiner, Isaac (27 June 2023). "What Prigozhin's Half-Baked "Coup" Could Mean for Putin's Rule". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 28 June 2023. Tatiana Stanovaya: ... Prigozhin was barely noticeable as a political figure six months ago and has now gained considerable traction. People tend to back victors, but ordinary Russians were also moved by his open clash with the Ministry of Defence and his comments on ammunition shortages.
  31. ^ a b
  32. ^ "Грубо говоря, мы начали войну Как отправка ЧВК Вагнера на фронт помогла Пригожину наладить отношения с Путиным — и что такое "собянинский полк". Расследование "Медузы" о наемниках на войне в Украине" [Roughly speaking, we started a war. How sending PMC Wagner to the front helped Prigozhin improve relations with Putin—and what is the "Sobyanin regiment". Meduza's investigation into mercenaries in the war in Ukraine]. Meduza (in Russian). 13 July 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  33. ^ a b c ""Назвать тебя нечем, кроме одного слова". Как война в Украине поссорила Пригожина и Герасимова и вскрыла конфликты среди российских силовиков" ["There's no word by which to call you, except for one" How the war in Ukraine led to a quarrel between Prigozhin and Gerasimov and revealed conflicts within Russian security forces]. BBC News Русская служба (in Russian). Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h ""Шойгу! Герасимов! Где боеприпасы? Посмотрите на них, суки". Пригожин пообещал, что ЧВК "Вагнер" покинет Бахмут" ["Shoigu! Gerasimov! Where's the ammo? Look at those bastards." Prigozhin promised that PMC Wagner will leave Bakhmut]. BBC News Русская служба (in Russian). 5 May 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  35. ^ "Как "повар Путина" и шеф ЧВК "Вагнер" стал мятежником" [How "Putin's Chef" and Chief of PMC "Wagner" Became a Rebel]. Deutsche Welle (in Russian). 24 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  36. ^ a b c "ЧВК "Вагнер" задержал подполковника российской армии и заставил извиниться. Что происходит?" [PMC "Wagner" detained a lieutenant colonel of the Russian army and forced him to apologize. What's happening?]. Русская служба Би-би-си (in Russian). 5 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  37. ^ "Пригожин привлек Гиркина к созданию военной структуры, угрожающей Путину, - ISW" [Prigozhin is drawing Girkin into forming a military structure that threatens Putin—ISW]. RBC Ukraine (in Russian). 24 October 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  38. ^ a b c d e f "Как "повар Путина" и шеф ЧВК "Вагнер" стал мятежником" [How "Putin's cook" and the chief of PMC Wagner became a rebel]. Deutsche Welle (in Russian). 24 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  39. ^ a b c "Пригожин "легализовал" название ЧВК "Вагнер"" [Prigozhin "legalized" the name of PMC Wagner]. Русская служба Би-би-си (in Russian). 17 January 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  40. ^ "Сергей Миронов поблагодарил Евгения Пригожина за подарок — кувалду от ЧВК Вагнера. Такой же убили бывшего заключенного Евгения Нужина" [Sergei Mironov thanked Yevgeny Prigozhin for a gift—a sledgehammer from PMC Wagner. The one used to kill prisoner Yevgeny Nuzhin]. Meduza (in Russian). 20 January 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  41. ^ "Пригожин: Мы сделали Украину нацией, известной во всем мире" [Prigozhin: We have made Ukraine a nation known throughout the world]. Deutsche Welle (in Russian). 20 January 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Война без лиц. Пока власти в России ломают голову, как придумать народного "героя СВО", на это место рвётся Евгений Пригожин" [War without a face. As authorities in Russia are racking their brains with how to come up with a national "hero of the SMO", Evgeny Prigozhin is craving the position]. Верстка (in Russian). 20 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g "К чему готовят "повара Путина". Станет ли основатель ЧВК "Вагнер" Евгений Пригожин главным российским опричником или будет отвечать за политический контроль над вернувшимися из Украины фронтовиками?" [What are Putin’s cooks cooking? Will the founder of the PMC Wagner, Yevgeny Prigozhin, become the main Russian oprichnik or will he be responsible for political control over the front-line soldiers returning from Ukraine?]. Важные истории (in Russian). 16 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  44. ^ "Насколько сильна ЧВК Вагнера и кому служит Пригожин?" [How strong is the Wagner PMC and who does Prigozhin serve?]. Deutsche Welle (in Russian). 13 January 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  45. ^ a b c d e f g h i j ""Шансы Пригожина тают". Чем может закончиться конфликт владельца ЧВК Вагнера с Минобороны" ["Prigozhin's chances are fading." How could the conflict between the owner of PMC Wagner and the Ministry of Defense end?]. Важные истории (in Russian). 22 February 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  46. ^ "Неудавшийся мятеж Пригожина: зачем и что теперь будет? Главные вопросы (на многие из которых пока нет ответа)" [Prigozhin's failed rebellion: what will happen now, and why? Key questions (many of which are still unanswered)]. Русская служба Би-би-си (in Russian). 26 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  47. ^ "Евгений Пригожин потребовал от Минобороны дать ЧВК Вагнера снаряды" [Yevgeny Prigozhin demanded from the Ministry of Defence to give Wagner PMC shells]. Meduza. 26 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  48. ^ a b c "Зять Шойгу поставил лайк под антивоенным постом Юрия Дудя. Пригожин предложил "поймать его и отправить на боевые действия"" [Shoigu's son-in-law liked Yuri Dud's anti-war post. Prigozhin offered to "catch him and send him to combat operations"]. Meduza. 25 February 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  49. ^ a b "Алексей, Алешенька, зятек. Кто такой Алексей Столяров, и почему родственник министра обороны России вызывает стойкое раздражение по обе стороны линии фронта" [Alexey, Alyoshenka, son-in-law. Who is Alexei Stolyarov, and why does a relative of the Russian Minister of Defence cause persistent irritation on both sides of the front line]. Новая газета (in Russian). 17 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  50. ^ "Сын Пескова — отморозок, зять Шойгу — у*бок, ВСУ — одна из сильнейших армий мира. Главное из интервью Пригожина" [Peskov's son—scumbag, Shoigu's son-in-law—f*ckhead, the Armed Forces of Ukraine are one of the strongest armies in the world. The main thing from Prigozhin's interview]. The Insider (in Russian). 24 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  51. ^ "The Wagner Mutiny Foreshadows a Russian Defeat. Prigozhin's escapade shows Putin's war in Ukraine isn't going well for him". Bloomberg. 24 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  52. ^ "Конкуренция между ЧВК "Вагнер" и Минобороны РФ" [Competition between PMC Wagner and the Russian defence ministry]. Euronews (in Russian). 16 February 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  53. ^ "Пригожин назвал потери "вагнеровцев" в Бахмуте и заявил о провале "демилитаризации" Украины" [Prigozhin stated "Wagnerite" losses in Bakhmut and announced the failure of the "demilitarization" of Ukraine]. Радио Свобода (RFE/RL) (in Russian). 24 May 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  54. ^ a b c d e ""Просто взяли и драпанули". Как развивается конфликт между ЧВК "Вагнер" и Минобороны из-за Бахмута" ["They just picked up and left." How is the conflict over Bahmut between PMC Wagner and the Ministry of Defence developing]. Русская служба Би-би-си (in Russian). 10 May 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  55. ^ a b ""Шойгу, Герасимов, где, сука, боеприпасы?" Пригожин записал видео для Минобороны на фоне трупов наемников ЧВК Вагнера (много мата)". Meduza. 5 May 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  56. ^ "Без тяжелой техники и авиации. Московский парад Победы оказался очень скромным" [Without heavy equipment and aviation. The Moscow Victory Parade turned out to be very modest]. Русская служба Би-би-си (in Russian). 9 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  57. ^ ""Счастливый дедушка думает, что ему хорошо. Но что делать стране, если вдруг окажется, что дедушка — законченный мудак?" Евгений Пригожин высказался о положении на фронте. Мы не знаем, о каком дедушке он говорит" ["The happy grandpa thinks he is doing well. But what should the country do if it suddenly turns out that the grandpa is a complete bastard?" Yevgeny Prigozhin spoke about the situation on the frontlines. We don't know which grandpa is referring to.]. Meduza (in Russian). 9 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  58. ^ ""Если так пойдет и дальше, силовики это прекратят» "Медуза" выяснила, как в Кремле отнеслись к заявлению Пригожина про "счастливого дедушку", который может оказаться «законченным мудаком"" ["If it keeps going on like this, the security forces will bring it to an end." Meduza found out how the Kremlin reacted to Prigozhin’s statement about a "happy grandpa" who could turn out to be a "complete asshole"]. Meduza (in Russian). 10 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  59. ^ "Пригожин: Минобороны заминировало пути отхода ЧВК Вагнера из Бахмута" [Prigozhin: Ministry of Defense mined exit routes of PMC Wagner from Bakhmut]. Radio France Internationale (in Russian). 22 February 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  60. ^ "ЧВК "Вагнер" заявила о взятии в плен подполковника ВС РФ" [PMC Wagner announced the capture of a lieutenant colonel of the Russian Armed Forces]. Deutsche Welle (in Russian). 5 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  61. ^ ""Армия разрушена". Блогеры о признаниях Романа Веневитина" ["The army is destroyed." Bloggers about the confessions of Roman Venevitin]. Радио Свобода (RFE/RL) (in Russian). 9 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  62. ^ Stepanenko, Kateryna; Bailey, Riley; Mappes, Grace; Kagan, Fredrick W. (27 May 2023). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, May 27, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  63. ^ Bailey, Riley; Stepanenko, Kateryna; Wolkov, Nicole; Barros, George; Hird, Karolina; Kagan, Fredrick W. (29 May 2023). "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, May 29, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  64. ^ "The Far Right Today | Wiley". Wiley.com. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  65. ^ "Мятеж Пригожина — это разоблачение Путина Затеянная президентом России война шаг за шагом превращает его в голого короля. Скоро это будет вынуждено признать даже его окружение" [Prigozhin's rebellion is the unmasking of Putin. The war started by the President of Russia, step by step, turns him into an emperor with no clothes. Soon even his entourage will be forced to admit it.]. Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  66. ^ "Russian offensive campaign assessment, June 23, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 23 June 2023. Archived from the original on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  67. ^ Евгений Жуков (23 June 2023). "Бунт ЧВК "Вагнер": ФСБ возбудила уголовное дело" [PMC Wagner uprising: the FSB opened a criminal case]. Deutsche Welle (in Russian). Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  68. ^ By Helen Regan, Andrew Raine, Sophie Tanno, Hafsa Khalil, Tori B. Powell, Adrienne Vogt and Kaanita Iyer (24 June 2023). "Case against Prigozhin will be dropped and he will be sent to Belarus, Kremlin spokesperson says". CNN. Retrieved 16 July 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  69. ^ Irish, John (27 June 2023). "Baltic states call for NATO to increase security with Wagner in Belarus". Reuters. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  70. ^ Seddon, Max (23 August 2023). "Yevgeny Prigozhin was passenger on crashed plane, Russian officials say". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
  71. ^ "Russland: Privatjet abgestürzt – laut Tass war Prigoschin auf der Passagierliste". Der Spiegel (in German). 23 August 2023. ISSN 2195-1349. Archived from the original on 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
  72. ^ "Wagner boss Prigozhin killed in plane crash in Russia". BBC News. 23 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
  73. ^ "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 24, 2023". ISW. 24 August 2023. Archived from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
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