Warlock is a Western novel by the American author Oakley Hall. It was published on September 5, 1958 by Viking Press.[1] The story is set in the early 1880s, in a fictional southwestern mining town called Warlock and its vicinity. The novel's characters and many elements of its plot are loosely based on actual people and events from Tombstone, Arizona during the same time period, including Wyatt Earp and the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral.[2] It has been described as a precursor to, or early example of, the revisionist western, due to its moral ambiguity and satirical commentary on Cold-War-era American society.[3] The novel was a finalist for the 1958 Pulitzer Prize.
 First edition cover | |
| Author | Oakley Hall |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Series | Legends West trilogy |
| Genre | Western |
| Publisher | Viking Press |
Publication date | September 5, 1958 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardback) |
| Pages | 471 |
| 813'.54-dc22 | |
| LC Class | PS3558.A373W3 |
| Followed by | The Bad Lands |
Hall's subsequent novels The Bad Lands (1978) and Apaches (1986) are sequels to Warlock, though they do not portray the same principal characters or setting. The three novels together form the Legends West trilogy.
In 1959, the novel was adapted into a film, Warlock starring Henry Fonda, Richard Widmark and Anthony Quinn.
Plot
editWhen violence threatens the frontier boomtown of Warlock, a Citizens' Committee determines to take action against criminal cowboys and cattle rustlers. A gunslinger named Clay Blaisedell, who has achieved considerable renown in Texas, is hired as town marshal to keep the peace. He is followed to Warlock by his close friend Tom Morgan, a gambler and saloon owner with a sour reputation, and Kate Dollar, a former prostitute bent on vengeance. Though Blaisedell at first manages to assert his authority with his stolid demeanor and expert gunmanship, Abe McQuown and his troublesome gang of cowboys seek to antagonize him.
One of McQuown's former associates, John "Bud" Gannon, hopes to repent for the horrors of his past by becoming a deputy sheriff in Warlock, while his younger brother Billy continues to ride with McQuown. Bud's decision unsettles both the gang and the town's citizens, and he is forced to confront suspicion about his loyalties from both sides while trying to maintain his official neutrality. When Blaisedell declares several of McQuown's company banned from Warlock, the outlaws disobey the posting and ride into town. Morgan saves Blaisedell from an ambush in the ensuing shootout, and three of the outlaws, including Billy Gannon, are killed. Much of the town expects Bud to retaliate against Blaisedell out of respect for his brother, but the deputy remains impartial. Anticipating the ferocity of rumor that will inevitably surround accounts of the gunfight and wanting to avoid the distrust and resentment of the town, Blaisedell turns himself in for trial in neighboring Bright's City on the charge of murder.
Meanwhile, employees of the local silver mines go on strike, demanding better pay and a new boss. Doctor Wagner, the town physician, is the miners' staunchest advocate, but implores them to organize a union and negotiate peacefully rather than resort to mob violence and sabotage. At the same time, the Citizens' Committee tries to avert open conflict by formally requesting Warlock's incorporation as the seat of a new county, which would permit them to hire their own full-time sheriff. They are discouraged by lengthy delays and the general reluctance of officials in Bright's City to hear their pleas, including the commander of the resident army detachment, General Peach, a decorated veteran of the Apache Wars whose senility borders on complete insanity. As tensions mount and rumors swirl, the concepts of morality and justice in the legal no-man's-land become ever more ambiguous.
Blaisedell is soon acquitted of murder but resigns his position as town marshal and begins dealing faro at Morgan's saloon. Kate Dollar takes an interest in Bud Gannon, seeking to use him to enact her retribution upon Blaisedell and Morgan for orchestrating the murder of her fiancé back in Texas.
Reception
editHall's most famous novel, Warlock was a finalist for the 1958 Pulitzer Prize and has since been hailed as a classic of American West literature.[4] Michelle Latiolais, a professor of English at the University of California, Irvine, described Warlock as belonging to the "pantheon of western masterpieces" alongside Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian and John Williams's Butcher's Crossing.[5]
Thomas Pynchon and Richard Fariña were fans of the novel when they were students at Cornell University. In an introduction to Fariña's Been Down So Long It Looks Like Up To Me, Pynchon writes, "We set about getting others to read it too, and for a while we had a micro-cult going. Soon a number of us were talking in Warlock dialogue, a kind of thoughtful, stylized Victorian-Wild West diction."[6] Pynchon praised it for restoring "to the myth of Tombstone its full, mortal, blooded humanity" and for showing "that what is called society, with its law and order, is as frail, as precarious, as flesh and can be snuffed out and assimilated into the desert as easily as a corpse can. It is the deep sensitivity to abysses that makes Warlock one of our best American novels."[7] Robert Stone was another fan, and wrote the introduction to the New York Review Books Classics edition.[8]
References
edit- ^ "Novelist: Oakley Hall". The Republican. 28 August 1958. p. 28 – via Newspapers.com.
Oakley Hall is the author of 'Warlock' ... which will be published by Viking N.Y., on Sept. 5.
- ^ James D. Horan and Paul Sann , Pictorial History of the Wild West ISBN 0-600-03103-9 ISBN 978-0-600-03103-1
- ^ "Ron Hansen on the Western, a "distinctly American mythology"". Library of America. 19 November 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
...Warlock (1958) introduces both a new note of satire and moral ambiguity to the Western genre.... does Hall anticipate the changes in sensibility that led to the revisionist or "dirty" Westerns of a later era?
- ^ Carlson, Michael (18 June 2008). "Oakley Hall". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 22 June 2008.
- O'Brien, Geoffrey. "The Design of the West: Geoffrey O'Brien on Oakley Hall's Warlock". Bookforum. Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016. - ^ Latiolais, Michelle (2007). Introduction. Butcher's Crossing. By Williams, John. New York: New York Review Books. p. xv. ISBN 9781590171981.
- ^ Pynchon, Thomas. Been Down So Long It Looks Like Up to Me. pp. x–xi.
- ^ Josh (18 November 2013). ""A Gift of Books" by Edward Albee, Joseph Heller, Alfred Kazin, Thomas Pynchon, Isaac Bashevis Singer, and others — December 1965". Holiday.
- ^ "Ron Hansen on the Western, a "distinctly American mythology"". Library of America. 19 November 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
Warlock's most prominent fans include Thomas Pynchon and Robert Stone, two novelists notably attuned to the countercultural energies of the 1960s.
- "Warlock". New York Review Books. 21 November 2005. Retrieved 3 April 2023.