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Waste Management, Inc.

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Waste Management, Inc., doing business as WM, is a waste management, comprehensive waste, and environmental services company operating in North America. Founded in 1968, the company is headquartered in the Bank of America Tower in Houston, Texas.

Waste Management, Inc.
WM
FormerlyUSA Waste Services, Inc.
Company typePublic
IndustryWaste management
FoundedJanuary 1, 1968; 56 years ago (1968-01-01)[citation needed] in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Founders
Headquarters
Houston, Texas
,
U.S.
Area served
North America
Key people
James C. Fish, Jr. (president & CEO)
ProductsBagster
ServicesWaste, recyclables, yard debris, and hazardous materials collection, hauling, treatment and disposal
Dumpster rental
Portable toilet rental
Sustainability Advisory Services
RevenueIncrease US$20.426 billion (Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023)[1]
Increase US$3.575 billion (Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023)[1]
Increase US$2.304 billion (Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023)[1]
Total assetsIncrease US$32.823 billion (Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023)[1]
Total equityIncrease US$6.903 billion (Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023)[2]
Number of employees
~48,000 (December 2023)[3]
Websitewm.com
A WM trash collection truck in Toronto, Ontario.
Video clip of WM trash removal operation, Ypsilanti Twp., MI
A WM rolloff container in Durham, North Carolina.

The company's network includes 337 transfer stations, 254 active landfill disposal sites, 97 recycling plants, 135 beneficial-use landfill gas projects and six independent power production plants. WM provides environmental services to nearly 21 million residential, industrial, municipal and commercial customers in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico. With 26,000 collection and transfer vehicles, WM has the largest trucking fleet in the waste industry. Combined with its largest competitor Republic Services, Inc., the two handle more than half of all garbage collection in the United States.[4]

History

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In 1893, Harm Huizenga, a Dutch immigrant, began hauling garbage at $1.25/wagon in Chicago.[5] In 1968, Harm's grandson Wayne Huizenga, Dean Buntrock, and Larry Beck founded Waste Management, Inc. and began aggressively purchasing many of the smaller garbage collection services across the country. In 1971, Waste Management went public, and by 1972, the company had made 133 acquisitions with $82 million in revenue. It had 60,000 commercial and industrial accounts and 600,000 residential customers in 19 states and the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. In the 1980s, Waste Management acquired Service Corporation of America (SCA) to become the largest waste hauler in the country.

Between the years of 1976 and 1997, the executive officers of Waste Management, Inc. began "cooking" the accounting books by refusing to record expenses necessary to write off the costs of unsuccessful and abandoned landfill development projects; establishing inflated environmental reserves (liabilities) in connection with acquisitions so that the excess reserves could be used to avoid recording unrelated operating expenses, improperly capitalizing a variety of expenses; failing to establish sufficient reserves (liabilities) to pay for income taxes and other expenses; avoiding depreciation expenses on their garbage trucks by both assigning unsupported and inflating salvage values and extending their useful lives; assigned arbitrary salvage values to other assets that previously had no salvage value; failed to record expenses for decreases in the value of landfills as they were filled with waste, used netting to eliminate approximately $490 million in current period operating expenses and accumulated prior period accounting misstatements by offsetting them against unrelated one-time gains on the sale or exchange of assets; and used geography entries to move tens of millions of dollars between various line items on the company's income statement.[6] Officers were accused of making "the financials look the way we want to show them." The top officers settled with the federal government for $30.8 million in 2005, without admitting guilt.[7]

When a new CEO took charge of the company in 1997, he ordered a review of the company's accounting practices in 1997. In 1998 Waste Management restated its 1992–1997 earnings by $1.7 billion, making it the largest restatement in history.

In 1998 Waste Management merged with USA Waste Services, Inc. USA Waste Services CEO John E. Drury retained the chairmanship and CEO position of the combined company. Waste Management then relocated its headquarters from Chicago to Houston. The merged company retained the Waste Management brand. In late 1999, John Drury stepped down as chairman due to brain surgery. Rodney R. Proto then took the position of chairman and CEO. That year also brought trouble for the newly expanded company in the form of an accounting scandal.

In November 1999, turn-around CE was brought in to help Waste Management recover. The company has since implemented new technologies, safety standards, and operational practices.[8]

On July 14, 2008, Waste Management offered a $34 per share all-cash bid to acquire arch-competitor Republic Services, Inc.[9][10] On August 11, 2008, the bid was raised to $37 per share. On August 15, 2008, Republic Services, Inc. denied Waste Management's bid for a second time. On October 13, 2008, Waste Management withdrew its bid for Republic Services, citing financial market turmoil.[11]

In 2015, Winters Brothers assumed all of WM's operations in Connecticut and New York (excluding New York City, and continues to service these regions under contract with WM.[12]

In February 2022, Waste Management CEO Jim Fish announced that the company would officially shorten its trade name to "WM" as part of a rebranding to emphasize its growing focus on sustainability and environmental services, including compressed natural gas and landfill gas utilization.[13]

WM agreed a deal to acquire Stericycle Inc for $7.2 billion, in May 2024. Stericycle is a medical waste and paper shredding company based in Illinois, with the deal anticipated to close in Q4 2024.[14]

Recycling

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As of 2023, WM operated 97 recycling facilities.[15] WM has also participated in recycling-focused initiatives with other companies:

International

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In 2009, Waste Management purchased a 40-percent stake in Shanghai Environment Group Co Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Shanghai Chengtou Holding Co Ltd.[21] SEG sought Waste Management's investment in order to benefit from Waste Management's experience in the waste disposal field, as well as improve their technology for waste disposal.[22]

Corporate issues

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1995 lawsuit

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Shareholders sued Wheelabrator Technologies's (WTI) board of directors for breach of their fiduciary duty, challenging the merger of WTI into Waste Management. In 1995, the case, In re Wheelabrator Technologies, Inc. Shareholders Litigation, came before the Court of Chancery of Delaware on an appeal regarding the Board's motion for summary judgment. The shareholders argued the Board breached their duty of care because there was not sufficient process, they didn't look at alternative transactions, didn't consider information regarding waste's legal liabilities, they didn't appoint a committee of independent directors to negotiate the merger, and they didn't adequately consider the terms of the merger; they breached their duty of loyalty, and; they breached their duty to disclose relevant information regarding the merger. Ultimately, the court dismissed the duty of disclosure claim but allowed the duty of loyalty claim to a degree. In regards to the duty of loyalty claim, the court disagreed with both the shareholders and the Board. It labelled the merger as an interested transaction, not a controlled shareholder transaction, so the business judgment rule applies and the burden to prove waste is on the shareholders.[23][24]

Accounting improprieties

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Revelations of irregular accounting led to a major drop in stock price and to the replacement of top executives after a new CEO ordered a review of the company's accounting practices in 1998. Waste Management's shareholders lost more than $6 billion in the market value of their investments when the stock price plummeted by more than 33%.[7] The company had augmented the depreciation time length for their property, plant, and equipment, artificially inflating the company's after-tax profits by US$1.7 billion. On July 8, 1999, a class action lawsuit was filed against WMI and certain officers for issuing false statements. Waste Management paid US$457 million to settle a shareholder class-action suit in 2003. The SEC fined Waste Management's independent auditor, Arthur Andersen, US$7 million for its role.[25][26]

ERP software implementation failure

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In 2005, Waste Management entered into a Software Licensing Agreement (SLA) with SAP AG. Under the agreement, SAP and its wholly owned subsidiary, Tomorrow Now, were to implement SAP's Enterprise Resource Planning software. The implementation began when an eight month pilot program was established in Waste Management's New Mexico market area, the market-share area at the time. This initial implementation was to be followed in two months with a company-wide implementation from Waste Management's headquarters in Houston, Texas.[27]

In December 2007, Waste Management ended their ERP implementation effort. Waste Management characterized the ERP implementation as non-functional. An SAP sponsored "Solution Review" determined that a customized ERP, based upon an updated SAP ERP, would need to be made in order to accommodate a company-wide implementation.

Waste Management sued SAP for the US$100 million to recover the funds it had spent on the failed ERP implementation.[28] In the lawsuit, Waste Management accused SAP of fraud and deception. SAP countered that Waste Management failed to present knowledgeable workers and accurate business models and failed to migrate data from legacy systems. The suit concluded in 2010 under confidential terms and a one time payment from SAP to Waste Management disclosed to the SEC.[29]

Labor relations

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In 2007, Waste Management locked out Teamsters at its largest hauling operation in Alameda County, CA. The lockout lasted a little less than a month and put 900 members of the Teamsters, ILWU, and Machinists Union on picket lines and raised concerns over sanitary impact on the affected communities.[30] The lockout was stopped when affected communities started legal actions against Waste Management. According to Waste Management officials, the company worked over three months to negotiate an agreement fair to both Waste Management and the union. The union did not want to negotiate over the company's proposals and refused to offer their own proposal unless Waste Management agreed to withdraw all proposals from the table.[31] Oakland's City Council reached a settlement with Waste Management over the dispute in March, 2008. The company rebated more than $3 million to customers and Oakland customers received additional services over the next five years.[32]

Environmental policy and record

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In 1990, the board of Waste Management adopted an environmental policy, including a policy of no-net-loss of biodiversity on the company’s properties.[33][34] Waste Management also took positions around that time supporting legislation on hazardous waste reduction (1988),[35] waste export control (1989),[36] and protection of endangered species (1992).[37]

Waste Management's operations consist of environmental protection, groundwater protection, environmental engineering, and air and gas management. Waste Management currently operates ten full-scale waste treatment landfill projects in the U.S. and Canada. As a member of the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX), Waste Management made a commitment during the pilot phase to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by four percent below the average of its 1998–2001 baseline by 2006.[38] They have also replaced nearly 500 diesel-fueled trucks with vehicles that run on 100 percent natural gas. These new garbage and recycling trucks comprise one of the nation's largest fleets of heavy-duty trucks powered exclusively by natural gas.[39]

In November 2009, at Waste Management's Altamont Landfill, a new plant began producing 13,000 gallons a day of LNG fuel from methane gas from the landfill that had fueled an electric power plant since 1969. Waste Management has said that the plant, announced in April 2008, and built and operated by The Linde Group with state funding, is the world's largest facility to convert landfill gas into vehicle fuel.[40][41][42]

Waste Management works with environmental groups in the U.S. to set aside land to create and manage wetlands and wildlife habitats. The company's landfills currently provide approximately 21,000 acres (85 km2) of protected land for wildlife; 73 landfills are certified[43] by the Wildlife Habitat Council.

In May 2011, Waste Management's Wheelabrator division agreed to pay a record $7.5 million settlement with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for a host of environmental violations at its plants in North Andover, Saugus, and Millbury, Massachusetts. The settlement was announced on May 2, 2011 by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection and Attorney General Martha Coakley's office.[44]

Financial restatements

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On November 14, 1997, the company reclassified or adjusted certain items in its financial statements for 1996 and the first nine months of 1997.[45]

On August 3, 1999, the company would have to restate first-quarter results downward, partly because of changes in the value of landfills and other assets in connection with its acquisition last year of Wheelabrator Technologies Inc.[46]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d "WM Financials". NASDAQ.
  2. ^ "Waste Management, Inc. 2020 Annual Report". investors.wm.com. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. ^ "Waste Management, Inc. 2023 Annual Report (Form 10-K)". sec.gov. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 2024.
  4. ^ Aseltine, McRea, Modi, Shukla, and Sullivan. A Strategic Case Analysis: Waste Management Inc. Archived 2007-10-26 at the Wayback Machine Spring 2006. 3.6.3. Summary of Competitive Analysis. "The three largest national companies, Waste Management, Allied Waste and Republic Services together handle more than half the solid waste generated in the United States today." [and Allied and Republic have since merged]
  5. ^ Swanson, Stevenson (1993-03-29). "Lucrative Lure Of Garbage Hauling Has Long Been A Dutch Treat". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2016-03-31.
  6. ^ "Dean L. Buntrock et al. (Waste Management, Inc.): Lit. Rel. No. 17435 / March 26, 2002". www.sec.gov. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  7. ^ a b "Waste Management Founder, Five Others Sued for Massive Fraud". www.sec.gov. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  8. ^ Greer, Jim (2004-01-30). "Turnaround ace pulls WMI out of the dumps - Houston Business Journal". Houston.bizjournals.com. Retrieved 2010-07-10.
  9. ^ "Waste Management: Trashing a Merger?". Bloomberg.com. 15 July 2008. Retrieved 29 March 2018 – via www.bloomberg.com.
  10. ^ "Waste Management, Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jul 14, 2008" (PDF). secdatabase.com. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
  11. ^ "Waste Management, Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Oct 14, 2008". secdatabase.com. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
  12. ^ "News and Analysis Archives". PE Hub. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
  13. ^ Taylor, Brian (2022-02-18). "WM drops the waste". Waste Today. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  14. ^ Conlon, Sean (June 3, 2024). "Waste Management to acquire Stericycle in $7.2 billion deal". CNBC.
  15. ^ Taylor, Brian (6 April 2023). "WM portrays sustainability as its growth driver". Recycling Today. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  16. ^ "BRIEF: eCycling at State Fair Park [The Moore American, Norman, Okla.]". TMCNet. 18 August 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  17. ^ "WMI Partners with Live Nation on Recycling, Waste Management Services". Recycling Today. 8 December 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  18. ^ "PepsiCo, Waste Management Announce Partnership Designed to Improve On-the-Go Recycling". Recycling Today. 23 April 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  19. ^ "Waste Management Invests in Waste-to-Fuel Technology". Waste360. 26 August 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  20. ^ Austin, Anna. "Enerkem Secures Waste Management As Investor". Biomass Magazine. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  21. ^ "Waste Management Buys 40 Percent of Shanghai Environment Group". Waste Age. 6 August 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  22. ^ "US waste manager nets 40% in SEG". China Daily. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  23. ^ "In Re Wheelabrator Tech. Shareholders Lit., 663 A.2d 1194 – CourtListener.com". CourtListener. Retrieved 2017-11-14.
  24. ^ Jarrod Shobe, Lecture on Fiduciary Duty, BYU Law (Nov 2017).
  25. ^ PBS. "Waste Management: System Breakdown". PBS. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
  26. ^ "Waste Management settles suit". 2001-11-07. Retrieved 2007-06-03.
  27. ^ Harris County, Texas. "Plantif's Original Petition" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  28. ^ CIO. "10 Famous ERP Disasters, Dustups and Disappointments". Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  29. ^ ComputerWorld (3 May 2010). "SAP, Waste Management settle lawsuit". Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  30. ^ "Lockout ends as garbage workers OK new contract". San Francisco Chronicle. 2007-07-29. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
  31. ^ "Waste Management of Alameda County Deploys Temporary Substitute Workers". NASDAQ GlobeNewswire. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
  32. ^ "City of Oakland Settles Over 2007 Trash Lockout". KCBS. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
  33. ^ Annual Report of the President's Council on Environmental Quality (1991). Executive Office of the President, Council on Environmental Quality. April 1991. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  34. ^ "WMI 1990 Environmental Policy (reprinted in ILO Training Materials)". Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  35. ^ Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Hazardous Materials, Commerce on Energy and Commerce, U.S. House of Representatives, on H.R. 2800, Serial No. 100-211 (April 21, 1988). U.S. Government Printing Office. 1989. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  36. ^ Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, July 12, 1989. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1989. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  37. ^ Reauthorization of the Endangered Species Act. Before the Subcommittee on Environmental Protection, Committee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate, April 10, 1992. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1992. ISBN 9780160391224. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  38. ^ "Waste Management joins Chicago Climate Exchange - Houston Business Journal". Houston.bizjournals.com. 2003-02-21. Retrieved 2010-07-10.
  39. ^ WM: 2006 Sustainability Report Archived July 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  40. ^ "Waste Management To Run California Fleet On Landfill Gas • Environmental Leader • Green Business, Sustainable Business, and Green Strategy News for Corporate Sustainability Executives". Environmentalleader.com. 2008-05-01. Retrieved 2010-07-10.
  41. ^ "Trash to gas: Landfill energy projects increasing | 89.3 KPCC". Scpr.org. Retrieved 2010-07-10.
  42. ^ "Transportation Energy Data Book".
  43. ^ Thursday, November 12, 2009 (2009-11-12). "Gloucester County's incinerator lauded for work preserving wildlife habitats". NJ.com. Retrieved 2010-07-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  44. ^ Brian Messenger (May 3, 2011). "Wheelabrator agrees to pay $7.5 million for violations". Lawrence Eagle-Tribune. Retrieved June 22, 2011.
  45. ^ "Waste Management, Inc. Announces Financial Statement Revisions and Third Quarter Charge;".
  46. ^ "Waste Management Hits Reduced Profit Target, May Restate 1st Quarter". Archived from the original on February 15, 2016.
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