Wattsia is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the familyLethrinidae, the emperors and emperor breams. The only species in the genus is Wattsa mossambica, the Mozambique large-eye bream or Mozambique sea bream of the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.
| Wattsia | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Lethrinidae |
| Genus: | Wattsia W. L. Y. Chan & Chilvers, 1974 |
| Species: | W. mossambica
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| Binomial name | |
| Wattsia mossambica (J. L. B. Smith, 1957)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Taxonomy
editWattsia was firs proposed as a monospecific genus by W. L. Y. Chan and Roy M. Chilvers in 1972, the only species they included in the new genus was Gnathodentex mossambicus. G. mossambica had been first formally described in 1957 by the South African ichthyologist James Leonard Brierley Smith with its type locality given as Pinda in Mozambique.[3] Some authors place this taxon in the subfamily Monotaxinae but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise the subfamilies traditionally accepted within the family Lethrinidae as valid. The family Lethrinidae is classified by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World as belonging to the order Spariformes.[4]
Etymology
editWattsia, the generic name, means "belonging to Watts" and honours J. C. D. Watts, a hydrogapher with the Fisheries Research Station in Hong Kong from 1969-1972. The specific name refers to the type locality.[5]
Description
editWattsia has a deep, approximately rhombus shaped body with its depth being about half of its standard length.[6] The dorsal fin is supported by 10 spines and 10 soft rays with the anal fin having 3 spines and 10 soft rays. The inner axil of the pectoral fin has no scales.[2] The teeth in the jaws are arranged as a single, thin band of bristle-like teeth with an outer row of conival teeth and there are 4 moderate sized canine-like teeth in the front of the upper jaw and six in the lower jaw. The maxilla has a horizontal serrated ridge on its outer surface.[7] The caudal fin is forked with the tips of the lobes being rounded. The colour of this fish is a yellowish hued silvery grey, with some vague bars and blotches sometimes apparent. The lips and fins are yellow, the fins sometimes having brown spots. There is a black bar on the base of the pectoral fin.[8] This species has a maximum published total length of 55 cm (22 in), although 35 cm (14 in) is more typical.[2]
Distribution and habitat
editWattsia is found from the eastern African coast off Mozambique, the Seychelles, Maldives and Sri Lanka and into the Pacific Ocean east to Fiji and north to Japan, south to Australia. It is found on the outer limit of the continental shelf at depths between 100 and 180 m (330 and 590 ft), and has been caught at 290 m (950 ft).[1]
Fisheries
editWattsia is fished for wherever it occurs, mainly by longlining and bottom trawling, as well as handlining over deep slopes. It makes up more than 50% of the Lethrinidae landed in Melanesia.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c Carpenter, K.E.; Lawrence, A. & Myers, R. (2016). "Wattsia mossambica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T16721842A16722465. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T16721842A16722465.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Wattsia mosambica". FishBase. October 2023 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Wattsia". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
- ^ Kent E. Carpenter (2022). "Family Lethrinidae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 316–327. ISBN 978-1-990951-32-9.
- ^ Kent E. Carpenter; Gerald R. Allen (1989). Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (Family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date (PDF). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. FAO, Rome.
- ^ Bray, D.J. (2022). "Wattsia mossambica". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 2 December 2023.