Wikipedia

List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War

(Redirected from Weapons of the Lebanese Civil War)

The Lebanese Civil War was a multi-sided military conflict that pitted a variety of local irregular militias, both Muslim and Christian, against each other between 1975 and 1990. A wide variety of weapons were used by the different armies and factions operating in the Lebanese Civil War. Combatants included:

Weapons and equipment

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The list below comprises all the weapons and equipment employed by the LNM, Lebanese Front, LAA, AFL, LF, IUM, Hezbollah, Al-Mourabitoun, NLA, Druze PLA, SLA, LAF, ISF, and lesser Lebanese groups (note: the Syrian Army, PLO, Palestinian PLA and IDF are not included on this list).

Pistols and revolvers

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Colt M1911A1 pistol
 
Colt Cobra .38 Special snub-nose revolver
 
Tokarev TT-33 pistol
 
CZ 75 pistol
 
Makarov PM/PMM pistol

Submachine guns

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MP 40 Submachine gun
 
MAT-49 Submachine gun
 
Škorpion vz. 61 Submachine gun
 
Steyr-MP-69 Submachine gun
 
Crvena Zastava Automat M56 Submachine gun

Bolt-action rifles

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Semi-automatic rifles

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M1 Garand rifle (Beretta Model 1952)
 
SKS semi-automatic rifle
 
M14 semi-automatic rifle

Carbines

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SIG SG 543 carbine

Assault rifles and Battle Rifles

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FN FAL assault rifle
 
vz. 58 assault rifle
 
M16A1 assault rifle
 
AR-18 assault rifle

Sniper rifles

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Dragunov SVD-63 sniper rifle
 
PSL sniper rifle
 
M40 sniper rifle
 
Remington Model 700 sniper rifle

Shotguns

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Light machine guns

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Israeli Heavy Barrel MAKLEON FAL.
 
HK 21 light machine gun
 
M1918A2 BAR

General-purpose machine guns

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MG 34 machine gun
 
MG 42 machine gun

Medium machine gun and Heavy machine guns

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M2HB heavy machine gun

Grenade systems

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Land mine systems

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Anti-tank rocket and grenade launchers

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RL-83 Blindicide
 
M72 LAW
 
M203 grenade launcher
 
M79 grenade launcher

Recoilless rifles

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B-10 82 mm recoilless rifle in Batey Ha-Osef Museum, Tel Aviv, Israel.
 
B-11 107 mm recoilless rifle in Batey ha-Osef Museum, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Mortars

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Soltam M-65 120 mm heavy mortar in Beyt ha-Totchan Museum, Zikhron Ya'akov, Israel.
 
Soltam M-66 160 mm heavy mortar in Beyt ha-Totchan Museum, Zikhron Ya'akov, Israel.

Rocket and missile systems

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DKB Grad-P 122 mm single-tube rocket launcher system in Batey Ha-Osef Museum, Tel Aviv, Israel.
 
Ex-Lebanese Forces APR-40/RO-40 128 mm 6-tube multiple rocket launcher mounted on a DAC chassis in Beyt ha-Totchan Museum, Zikhron Ya'akov, Israel.

Anti-tank guns

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ZiS-2 57 mm anti-tank gun in Batey Ha-Osef Museum, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2005.
 
D-44 85 mm anti-tank gun in Beyt ha-Totchan Museum, Zikhron Ya'akov, Israel.

Anti-aircraft guns and Autocannons

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AZP S-60 57 mm anti-aircraft gun in Hatzerim Israel Airforce Museum, Beersheba, Israel.

Howitzers

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Mle 1950 BF-50 155 mm howitzer in Beyt ha-Totchan Museum, Zikhron Ya'akov, Israel.
 
M-30 122 mm howitzer in Beyt ha-Totchan museum, Zikhron Ya'akov, Israel.

Armoured vehicles

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AML-90 of the Lebanese Army in Beirut, 1982.
 
Ex-PLO built UR-416 clone in Batey Ha-Osef Museum, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2005.
 
BTR-152 converted into an ARV by the South Lebanese Army in Yad La-Shiryon Museum, Latrun, Israel, 2005.
 
Ex-Lebanese Army AMX-VCI in Yad La-Shiryon Museum, Latrun, Israel, 2005.
 
BTR-50PK converted into a Medevac vehicle by the South Lebanese Army in Yad La-Shiryon Museum, Latrun, Israel, 2005.
 
Ex-Lebanese Army M41A3 light tank in Yad La-Shiryon Museum, Latrun, Israel, 2005.
 
Ex-Lebanese Army AMX-13 light tank in Yad La-Shiryon Museum, Latrun, Israel, 2005.
 
Amal fighters manning a T-55A tank provided by Syria, Beirut 1980s.

Technicals, Gun trucks, transport and recovery vehicles

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Vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices

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Helicopters

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A pair of Lebanese Air Force Aérospatiale SA 330C Pumas flying over Beirut, 1983.

Aircraft

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), pp. 44-45, Plate G3.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag "The Weapons: Semi-auto Pistols". lebaneseforces.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.[better source needed]
  3. ^ Walter, Walther Pistols – PP, PPK and P 38 (2022), p. 71.
  4. ^ a b Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 47, Plate H3.
  5. ^ a b c Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate D3.
  6. ^ a b Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 46, Plate H1.
  7. ^ a b Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate B2.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Lebanese Forces : The Weapons: Sub Machine Guns (SMG)". 2016-03-03. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2022-11-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  9. ^ McNab, Soviet Submachine Guns of World War II: PPD-40, PPSh-41 and PPS (2014), p. 68.
  10. ^ Popenker, Maxim (27 October 2010). "Sa. 23". Modern Firearms.
  11. ^ Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 45.
  12. ^ a b c Micheletti and Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats, RAIDS magazine (1989), p. 30.
  13. ^ a b Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate B1.
  14. ^ Republic of Serbia: Ministry of Economy and of Regional Development. "Annual Report on the Transfers of Controlled Goods in 2008". p. 37. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014 – via Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Scarlata, Paul (July 2009). "Military rifle cartridges of Lebanon Part 2: from independence to Hezbollah". Shotgun News.
  16. ^ a b c "Post-WWII use of the MAS-36 rifle: Part II (export users)". wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com. 2015-08-23. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
  17. ^ "MAS-1949 and 49/56". 28 October 2010.
  18. ^ Micheletti and Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats, RAIDS magazine (1989), p. 31.
  19. ^ Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 39.
  20. ^ Huon, Un Siècle d'Armement Mondial: Armes à feu d'infanterie de petit calibre, tome 4 (1981), page unknown.
  21. ^ "Foreign Military Assistance and the U.S. M1 & M2 Carbines".
  22. ^ Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), p. 16.
  23. ^ Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), p. 48; Plate B3.
  24. ^ Rottman, The AK-47 Kalashnikov-series assault rifles (2011), p. 78.
  25. ^ a b c Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army through the eyes of a lens, 1975–1991 (2019), p. 19.
  26. ^ Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 46, Plate G5.
  27. ^ Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate B4.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-8.
  29. ^ Jenzen-Jones & Spleeters, Identifying & Tracing the FN Herstal FAL Rifle: Documenting signs of diversion in Syria and beyond (2015), pp. 20-21.
  30. ^ a b c d Cooper & Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978 (2019), pp. 44-45.
  31. ^ Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5
  32. ^ a b c d e f Laffin, The War of Desperation: Lebanon 1982-85 (1985), p. 40.
  33. ^ Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), pp. 40-41, Plate D2.
  34. ^ Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 46, Plate H2.
  35. ^ McNab, 20th Century Military Uniforms (2002), p. 174.
  36. ^ Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), p. 44, Plate G2.
  37. ^ a b Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 46, Plate G3.
  38. ^ a b Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), p. 106.
  39. ^ Thompson, The G3 Battle Rifle (2019), pp. 29; 64.
  40. ^ Jenzen-Jones, N.R. (January 2017). Global Development and Production of Self-loading Service Rifles: 1896 to the Present (PDF). Working Paper 25. Small Arms Survey. ISBN 978-2-940548-34-7. JSTOR resrep10728. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2017.
  41. ^ Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), p. 40, Plate D1.
  42. ^ Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), p. 7; Appendix A, table A-8.
  43. ^ a b Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-3; A-8.
  44. ^ Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 355.
  45. ^ Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-3.
  46. ^ Russell, Katz, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon 1982–84 (1985), p. 43.
  47. ^ Micheletti and Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats, RAIDS magazine (1989), p. 35.
  48. ^ a b c Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate C3.
  49. ^ McNab, The SVD Dragunov Rifle (2023), p. 50.
  50. ^ a b c d e f "Lebanese Forces : The Weapons: Standard Sniper Rifles". 2016-03-03. Archived from the original on 2016-03-17. Retrieved 2022-12-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  51. ^ El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 103.
  52. ^ a b Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 199.
  53. ^ Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate A2.
  54. ^ Laffin, The War of Desperation: Lebanon 1982-85 (1985), pp. 179–183.
  55. ^ Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 22.
  56. ^ a b c d e Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 47, Plate H4.
  57. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 43.
  58. ^ a b Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 29.
  59. ^ a b c d e f g h Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), p. 15.
  60. ^ a b El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 117.
  61. ^ Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 2e partie: Les combats israélo-Syriens au Liban, 1982, p. 15.
  62. ^ a b Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 209.
  63. ^ a b c Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), p. 9.
  64. ^ Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army through the eyes of a lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 22-23.
  65. ^ "Stickgrenade, Type67". Archived from the original on 2013-06-23. Retrieved 2020-04-11.
  66. ^ Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Introduction, p. 1.
  67. ^ a b c Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 41.
  68. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Willey, Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War in Lebanon (2016), p. 7.
  69. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Willey, Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War in Lebanon (2016), p. 9.
  70. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 26.
  71. ^ Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 16.
  72. ^ a b c Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 4.
  73. ^ a b c d e Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-11.
  74. ^ a b Rottman, The Rocket-propelled Grenade (2010), p. 63.
  75. ^ Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 2e partie: Les combats israélo-Syriens au Liban, 1982, p. 10.
  76. ^ a b Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), p. 63.
  77. ^ a b Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 35.
  78. ^ Henson, Jason W."MGM-32 Entac ATGM." Archived 2 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine "Harpoon Head Quarters". Retrieved: 24 December 2009.
  79. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Cooper & Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978 (2019), p. 34.
  80. ^ Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate B3.
  81. ^ a b Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 36.
  82. ^ a b c Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 66-67.
  83. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 15; 35.
  84. ^ Rottman, US Grenade Launchers – M79, M203, and M320 (2017), p. 37.
  85. ^ Rottman, US Grenade Launchers – M79, M203, and M320 (2017), p. 22.
  86. ^ Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 194.
  87. ^ Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-9; Appendix D, D-6.
  88. ^ Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 230.
  89. ^ Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 58.
  90. ^ a b Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 31.
  91. ^ A Toyota Land Cruiser BJ40/42 of the AMAL militia in 1984 armed with a Chinese made Type 56 75 mm recoilless rifle.
  92. ^ a b c d e f Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-9.
  93. ^ Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), p. 25.
  94. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Archived copy" (PDF). www.inss.org.il. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  95. ^ Gander, Terry J. (22 November 2000). "National inventories, Lebanon". Jane's Infantry Weapons 2001-2002. p. 3087.
  96. ^ a b c d Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 21.
  97. ^ a b c d Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 26.
  98. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 41-43.
  99. ^ Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 82.
  100. ^ a b Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 98.
  101. ^ a b c d Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-6.
  102. ^ Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), p. 95.
  103. ^ a b Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 22.
  104. ^ Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army through the eyes of a lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 76-77; 80.
  105. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 65.
  106. ^ a b Mahé, La Guerre Civile Libanaise, un chaos indescriptible! (1975-1990), p. 81.
  107. ^ Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army through the eyes of a lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 78-79.
  108. ^ a b Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 210-211.
  109. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 56.
  110. ^ a b Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 75.
  111. ^ a b c Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), p. 66.
  112. ^ Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army through the eyes of a lens, 1975–1991 (2019), p. 81.
  113. ^ a b Guest, Lebanon (1994), p. 106.
  114. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 37.
  115. ^ Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 196.
  116. ^ Micheletti and Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats, RAIDS magazine (1989), p. 9.
  117. ^ Cooper & Sandler, Lebanese Civil War Volume 2: Quiet before the Storm, 1978-1981 (2021), p. 16; Plate i.
  118. ^ Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 211.
  119. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 61.
  120. ^ Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army through the eyes of a lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 77; 81.
  121. ^ a b Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 26.
  122. ^ Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 77.
  123. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 54.
  124. ^ Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 25.
  125. ^ Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 160.
  126. ^ a b Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), pp. 16-21, 32-36, 52; Appendix A, A-10, table 3; Appendix D, D-5.
  127. ^ Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 59.
  128. ^ a b El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 95.
  129. ^ a b c d Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 61.
  130. ^ http://www.warwheels.net/Model_M35A2wBoforsASSAD.html - 1/35 scale model photos of a Lebanese Special Forces AA QF Bofors 40 mm gun mounted on a M35A2 Gun Truck.
  131. ^ http://osw.zone/paint-weathering-diorama/vallejo-colors/135-btr-152-apc-armed-with-bofors-40-mm-gunnlp-tigers-militialebanon1976-by/ - 1/35 scale model photos of a Lebanese Tigers Militia AA QF Bofors 40 mm gun mounted on a BTR-152 APC, c.1976.
  132. ^ Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-10; Appendix D, D-2.
  133. ^ a b Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 27.
  134. ^ Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 15; 53.
  135. ^ Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 233.
  136. ^ a b Cooper & Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978 (2019), p. 50.
  137. ^ a b c d e Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-10.
  138. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 46.
  139. ^ Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 60-61.
  140. ^ a b Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), p. 5.
  141. ^ a b Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), pp. 22-23, Plate C2.
  142. ^ Guardians of the Cedars M34 gun-truck armed with a ZU-23-2 AA autocannon, c.1976.
  143. ^ 1/72 scale model of a Guardians of the Cedars M34 gun-truck armed with a ZU-23-2 Anti-Aircraft autocannon.
  144. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 28.
  145. ^ Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), p. 117.
  146. ^ Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), p. 22.
  147. ^ a b Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 52.
  148. ^ Micheletti, Bataille d'Artillerie, RAIDS magazine (1989), p. 14.
  149. ^ Cooper & Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978 (2019), p. 61.
  150. ^ Guest, Lebanon (1994), p. 105.
  151. ^ a b Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 232.
  152. ^ Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 77; 82; 84-85.
  153. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Kechichian, The Lebanese Army: Capabilities and Challenges in the 1980s (1985), p. 35.
  154. ^ a b Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 10.
  155. ^ Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978, p. 11.
  156. ^ Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 15; 21-22; 49.
  157. ^ Robinson, Lau and Gibeau, Images of War: The AMX 13 Light Tank, A Complete History – rare photographs from wartime archives (2018), p. 185.
  158. ^ a b c d Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78 (1981), p. 33.
  159. ^ Mesko, Greer and Manley, M41 Walker Bulldog in action (1991), p. 39.
  160. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 28–29.
  161. ^ Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 9; 50.
  162. ^ Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 26; 80; 122.
  163. ^ Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-10; Appendix D, D-3.
  164. ^ Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78 (1981), pp. 33; 39-40, Plate H1.
  165. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 53.
  166. ^ Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 53; 62; 80-83.
  167. ^ a b Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 81.
  168. ^ Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 2e partie: Les combats israélo-Syriens au Liban, 1982, p. 8.
  169. ^ Zaloga, Kinnear and Sarson, T-34-85 Medium Tank 1944-94 (1996), pp. 39; 47.
  170. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 67.
  171. ^ Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 234.
  172. ^ Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 192; 195.
  173. ^ a b Dunord, Liban: Les milices rendent leurs armes, RAIDS magazine (1991), p. 31.
  174. ^ Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), pp. 64-65.
  175. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 60-61; 65.
  176. ^ El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 97.
  177. ^ Kinnear, Sewell & Aksenov, Soviet T-54 Main Battle Tank (2018), Appendix eight: known customers and users of the T‑54 medium tank, p. 182.
  178. ^ Kinnear, Sewell & Aksenov, Soviet T-55 Main Battle Tank (2019), Appendix six: known client users of the T‑55 medium tank, p. 160.
  179. ^ Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 54-63.
  180. ^ Menargues, Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban (2004), p. 85.
  181. ^ Kassis, Les TIRAN 4 et 5, de Tsahal aux Milices Chrétiennes, Trucks & Tanks Magazine (2015), p. 59.
  182. ^ Tucker-Jones, Images of War: T–54/55, The Soviet Army's Cold War main battle tank – rare photographs from wartime archives (2017), p. 107.
  183. ^ Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), pp. 63-64.
  184. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 16-18.
  185. ^ Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 20.
  186. ^ Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978, p. 10.
  187. ^ Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78 (1981), pp. 33; 40, Plate H3.
  188. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 8.
  189. ^ Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 38-39; 50.
  190. ^ Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), p. 21; Appendix D, D-4.
  191. ^ Mesko, Greer and Manley, M41 Walker Bulldog in action (1991), p. 27.
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  202. ^ Cooper & Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978 (2019), p. 55.
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  204. ^ http://forum.tayyar.org/f8/army-lebanon-36023/index7.html Archived 2012-06-05 at the Wayback Machine – information on al-Murabitoun Shilka vehicles.
  205. ^ Foss, Jane's Tank & Combat Vehicle recognition guide (2002), pp. 324-325.
  206. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 7.
  207. ^ Lathrop, McDonald and Laurier, Cadillac Cage V-100 Commando 1960-71 (2002), p. 42.
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  209. ^ Zaloga and Bull, Staghound armored car 1942-62 (2000), pp. 42-45.
  210. ^ El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 83-89.
  211. ^ Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 46-48.
  212. ^ Fortin, T17E1 Staghound Armored Car – Le char sur roues, Trucks & Tracks Magazine (2007–2008), pp. 62–63; 65.
  213. ^ El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 85-87.
  214. ^ Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 59.
  215. ^ http://milinme.wordpress.com/category/staghound/ – Colonel Barakat's Army of Free Lebanon's Staghound Mk.III armoured car near Binayit el-Béton, East Beirut, March 1976.
  216. ^ "WarWheels.Net -1/35 Bronco Lebanese T17E1 Staghound Car Mark 1 Model Photos". Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2011-03-14. – 1/35 scale model of a Staghound armoured car on Al-Murabitoun service, c.1976.
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  218. ^ Badran, Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis (2010), pp. 50-52.
  219. ^ Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 22; 24-25; 40; 56-58.
  220. ^ a b Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual (2019), p. 154.
  221. ^ Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), p. 74.
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  224. ^ Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), pp. 51; 123.
  225. ^ Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 101-102; 206.
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  255. ^ Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78 (1981), pp. 33; 39, Plate G1.
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  258. ^ El-Assad, Blue Steel III: M-113 Carriers in South Lebanon (2007), p. 8.
  259. ^ Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 49-50.
  260. ^ Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), pp. 54; 56; 60.
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  263. ^ Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), p. 61.
  264. ^ Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 15; 42-44.
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  278. ^ Sex & Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond (2021), pp. 9; 34.
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  284. ^ Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), pp. 238-239.
  285. ^ El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 64-65; 111.
  286. ^ Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix D, D-6.
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  291. ^ Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982 (2019), p. 201.
  292. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 62.
  293. ^ El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 107.
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  295. ^ Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (2003), p. 52.
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  298. ^ Abi-Chahine, The People's Liberation Army Through the Eyes of a Lens, 1975–1991 (2019), p. 69.
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  322. ^ Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 32-33.
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References

edit
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  • John C. Rolland (ed.), Lebanon: Current Issues and Background, Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New York 2003. ISBN 978-1-590-33871-1 – [4]
  • John Laffin, The War of Desperation: Lebanon 1982-85, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1985. ISBN 0 85045 603 7
  • John Walter, Walther Pistols – PP, PPK and P 38, Weapon series 82, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2022. ISBN 9781472850843
  • Jim Mesko, Don Greer and Perry Manley, M41 Walker Bulldog in action – Armor Number 29, Squadron/Signal Publications, Carrollton, Texas 1991. ISBN 0-89747-262-4
  • Samuel M. Katz and Ron Volstad, Battleground Lebanon (1003), Concord Publications, Hong Kong 1990. ISBN 962-361-003-3
  • Samuel M. Katz, Lee E. Russel, and Ron Volstad, Armies in Lebanon 1982-84, Men-at-arms series 165, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1985. ISBN 0-85045-602-9
  • Samuel M. Katz and Ron Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2, Men-at-arms series 194, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1988. ISBN 0-85045-800-5
  • Samer Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon, Beirut: Elite Group, 2003. ISBN 9953-0-0705-5
  • Samer Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon 1975-1981, Trebia Publishing, Chyah 2012. ISBN 978-9953-0-2372-4
  • Samer Kassis, Tiran in Lebanese Wars (Ammo_A.MIG-6000), AMMO of Mig Jimenez S.L., 2018. ASIN B00KFUXRGE
  • Samer Kassis, Les TIRAN 4 et 5, de Tsahal aux Milices Chrétiennes (1960-1990), Trucks & Tanks Magazine No. 50, July–August 2015, Caraktère, Aix-en-Provence, pp. 54–61. ISSN 1957-4193 (in French)
  • Samer Kassis, Invasion of Lebanon 1982, Abteilung 502, 2019. ISBN 978-84-120935-1-3 – [5]
  • Simon Dunstan, Panhard Armoured Car: 1961 Onwards (AML 60, AML 90, Eland), Enthusiasts' Manual, Haynes Publishing UK, Somerset 2019. ISBN 978-1-78521-194-2
  • Simon Dunstam, Terry Hadler and David E. Smith, The M113 series, Vanguard series 34, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1983. ISBN 0-85045-495-6
  • Steven J. Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78, Vanguard series 19, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1981. ISBN 0 85045 388 7
  • Steven J. Zaloga, ZSU-23-4 Shilka & Soviet Air Defense Gun Vehicles, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 1993. ISBN 962-361-039-4
  • Steven J. Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2): The wars of 1973 to the present, Concord Publications, Hong Kong 2003. ISBN 962-361-613-9 – [6]
  • Steven J. Zaloga, Jim Kinnear and Peter Sarson, T-34-85 Medium Tank 1944-94, New Vanguard series 20, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 1996. ISBN 1 85532 535 7
  • Steven J. Zaloga and Peter Bull, Staghound armored car 1942-62, New Vanguard series 159, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2000. ISBN 978 1 84603 392 6
  • Tom Cooper & Sergio Santana, Lebanese Civil War Volume 1: Palestinian diaspora, Syrian and Israeli interventions, 1970-1978, Middle East@War No. 21, Helion & Company Limited, Solihull UK 2019. ISBN 978-1-915070-21-0
  • Tom Cooper & Efim Sandler, Lebanese Civil War Volume 2: Quiet before the Storm, 1978-1981, Middle East@War No. 41, Helion & Company Limited, Solihull UK 2021. ISBN 978-1-914059-04-9
  • Tom Cooper & Efim Sandler, Lebanese Civil War Volume 3: Moving to War, 4–7 June 1982, Middle East@War No. 51, Helion & Company Limited, Solihull UK 2022. ISBN 978-1-804510-36-0
  • Tony Badran (Barry Rubin ed.), Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis, Palgrave Macmillan, London 2010. ISBN 978-0-230-62306-4
  • Ken Guest, Lebanon, in Flashpoint! At the Front Line of Today's Wars, Arms and Armour Press, London 1994, pp. 97–111. ISBN 1-85409-247-2
  • Leroy Thompson, The G3 Battle Rifle, Weapon series 68, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2019. ISBN 9781472828620
  • Leigh Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces, New Vanguard series 257, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2018. ISBN 9781472822512
  • Ludovic Fortin, T17E1 Staghound Armored Car – Le char sur roues, Trucks & Tracks Magazine No. 5, December 2007–January 2008, Caraktère, Marseille, pp. 48–67. ISSN 1957-4193 (in French)
  • Moustafa El-Assad, Blue Steel: T-55 tanks in South Lebanon, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2006. ASIN B000JEI5ZY
  • Moustafa El-Assad, Blue Steel 2: M-3 Halftracks in South Lebanon, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2006. ASIN B001F8Q0X2
  • Moustafa El-Assad, Blue Steel III: M-113 Carriers in South Lebanon, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2007. ASIN B001F8OPZW
  • Moustafa El-Assad, Blue Steel IV: M-50 Shermans and M-50 APCs in South Lebanon, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2007. ASIN B0011X4YIY
  • Moustafa El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks, Blue Steel books, Sidon 2008. ISBN 9789953012568
  • M.P. Robinson, Peter Lau and Guy Gibeau, Images of War: The AMX 13 Light Tank, A Complete History – rare photographs from wartime archives, Pen & Sword Military, Barnsley 2018. ISBN 978-1-52670-167-1
  • N.R. Jenzen-Jones & Damien Spleeters, Identifying & Tracing the FN Herstal FAL Rifle: Documenting signs of diversion in Syria and beyond, Armament Research Services Pty. Ltd., Australia, August 2015. ISBN 978-0-9924624-6-8 – [7]
  • Paul Jackson, Modern Combat Aircraft 23: Mirage, Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan, 1985. ISBN 0-7110-1512-0
  • Paul Jackson, "Mirage III/5/50 Variant Briefing: Part 1: Dassault's Delta", World Air Power Journal, Volume 14, Autumn/Fall 1993, pp. 112–137, London: Aerospace Publishing. ISBN 1-874023-32-8, ISSN 0959-7050
  • Paul Jureidini, R. D. McLaurin, and James Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas, 1975-1978, Aberdeen, MD: U.S. Army Human Engineering Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Technical Memorandum 11–79, June 1979.
  • Pedro Manuel Monteiro, Berliet, Chaimite e UMM – Os Grandes Veículos Militares Nacionais, Contra a Corrente, Lda., Lisboa 2018. ISBN 9789899901261 (in Portuguese)
  • Philipe Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978, Steelmasters Magazine No. 113, August–September 2012, Histoire & Collections, Paris, pp. 8–16. ISSN 1962-4654 (in French)
  • Philipe Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 2e partie: Les combats israélo-Syriens au Liban, 1982, Steelmasters Magazine No. 118, April–May 2013, Histoire & Collections, Paris, pp. 8–15. ISSN 1962-4654 (in French)
  • Richard Lathrop, John McDonald and Jim Laurier, Cadillac Cage V-100 Commando 1960-71, New Vanguard series 52, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2002. ISBN 1 84176 415 9
  • Yann Mahé, La Guerre Civile Libanaise, un chaos indescriptible (1975-1990), Trucks & Tanks Magazine No. 41, January–February 2014, Caraktère, Aix-en-Provence, pp. 78–81. ISSN 1957-4193 (in French)
  • Zachary Sex & Bassel Abi-Chahine, Modern Conflicts 2 – The Lebanese Civil War, from 1975 to 1991 and Beyond, Modern Conflicts Profile Guide Volume II, AK Interactive, 2021. EAN 8435568306073
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