St Leonards West Marina is a disused railway station in the Bopeep area of the borough of Hastings, East Sussex. Opened by the Brighton, Lewes and Hastings Railway in 1846, it was the first permanent station to serve the area and became part of a feud between two rival railway companies over access to nearby Hastings. Although not very convenient for local services, the station became an important goods rail-head and the location of a Motive Power Depot for steam locomotives working non electrified services, including those to London. The station was closed in 1967 and the buildings subsequently demolished, although in 2023 the down platform could still be seen.
St Leonards West Marina | |
|---|---|
 West Marina Station | |
| General information | |
| Location | West St Leonards, Hastings, East Sussex England |
| Grid reference | TQ787089 |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Brighton, Lewes and Hastings Railway |
| Pre-grouping | London, Brighton and South Coast Railway |
| Post-grouping | Southern Railway Southern Region of British Railways |
| Key dates | |
| 7 November 1846 | Opened as Hastings & St Leonard's |
| 13 February 1851 | Renamed St Leonards |
| 5 December 1870 | Renamed St Leonards West Marina |
| 1 June 1889 | Rebuilt on adjacent site to the east |
| 10 November 1962 | Closed to goods traffic |
| 10 July 1967 | Closed to passengers |
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History
editOpening
editOn 27 June 1846, the Brighton Lewes & Hastings Railway (BL&H) opened from Bexhill to a temporary station at Bulverhythe.[1][2][3][4] The short delay was caused by the diversion of the River Asten / Combe Haven and the subsequent bridgework having to be completed. Bulverhythe Temporary Station was replaced on 7 November 1846 by a permanent station named Hastings & St Leonards which was situated approximately 1 Mile east.[5][6][4][2]
LB&SCR and SER feud
editThe BL&H had powers to extend the line to a junction with the South Eastern Railway (SER) at Ashford, thereby creating a coastal route from Brighton to Dover of strategic military importance to the government.[2][7][8] The SER took advantage of the government's desire for the line by offering to construct the section between Hastings and Ashford in return for powers to build the North Kent Line, which resulted in the government agreeing to authorise the Hastings-Ashford line provided the SER extended its Tonbridge-Tunbridge Wells line to Hastings.[9] In view of the low revenue earning potential of a Hastings-Ashford line with Rye the largest settlement to be served, the BL&H agreed to transfer ownership of the section to the SER whilst retaining the right to exercise running powers as far as Hastings.[10][9][11]
The BL&H had been taken over by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) on 27 July 1846,[12] which decided to exercise the right to run as far as Hastings.[13] This would give it a route from London Bridge to St Leonards of 76.5 miles (123.1 kilometres), somewhat shorter than the SER's circuit of 93 miles (150 kilometres) travelling via Redhill and Tonbridge and then Ashford.[13][8] A crisis was therefore triggered when the SER's line to Hastings and the short stretch from St Leonards opened simultaneously on 13 February 1851.[14][15] The SER made it difficult for LB&SCR services to use the new line by holding up a train for so long at Bo-peep junction that it was obliged to return to St Leonards and unload its passengers.[8][16] Later, the SER tore up track at Bo-Peep and obstructed the line with wagons filled with earth.[17][18][19][20]
An injunction obtained by the LB&SCR ensured the reopening of the line and the two companies began to share traffic receipts, culminating in an agreement in 1866 by which St Leonards Warrior Square, the SER's intermediate station between Hastings and the LB&SCR's St Leonards station, became a joint station and facilities were provided here and at Hastings to allow joint SER/LB&SCR operation of the line.[21][19] LB&SCR services were nevertheless not allowed to call at Warrior Square until December 1870, at which point the LB&SCR changed the name of its own St Leonards station to St Leonards West Marina.[22][5][6]
Post-feud to closure
editWest Marina was inconveniently situated for local traffic but as it was the only station in the area under the LB&SCR's exclusive control, the station was retained and even developed to become a rail-head for goods traffic.[3] The LB&SCR tried to improve access in 1882 when a new station was built on an adjacent site to the east.[6][5][23][24] The station was provided with a coal yard with sidings, freight sheds and a 49 ft 11 in (15.21 m) turntable.[25][26]
The stations' importance fell after the 1921 grouping, although it retained a certain importance until the late 1950s as a locomotive depot.[3] Following electrification of the East Coastway line in 1935 by the Southern Railway, the service pattern introduced from May saw express trains from London Victoria call at all stations except West Marina.[27] Nevertheless, the station became the terminus for London services in November 1949 when it was necessary to close Bopeep Tunnel for repairs; buses ferried passengers from West Marina to St Leonards Warrior Square.[28][29] Normal services through the tunnel resumed on 5 June 1950.[28] Remarkably the now dilapidated station remained open to passengers until 10 July 1967,[6][22][19][30] the station's goods yard already having closed on 26 November 1962.[31] For several years after closure the station platforms remained available for use of railway staff requiring access to the depot.
Motive power depot
edit
A motive power depot was established at the station by the LB&SCR in 1846 on the Down side of the line to the west of the Bo-Peep tunnel.[3][32][33] The depot served the Hastings area and was a small two-road shed, constructed in brick with a turntable on the northern side.[32] This was replaced by a second larger 4-road shed in 1872, which was enlarged in 1898 and again by British Railways in 1949.[34][33] In 1926, the shed had 62 staff including 20 drivers and firemen.[35] Following the demolition of the ex-SER shed at Hastings, West Marina shed grew in importance as it took over the former shed's entire allocation in 1929.[32][36] A new wheel drop facility was fitted in the same year to assist with the increased workload, as were additional carriage sidings.[32][36] The first of 12 SR V Schools class locomotives arrived in 1931, adding to the shed's 20-odd 4-4-0s, F1s, Ls and a handful of tank and 0-6-0s.[32] The Schools class were used to work Hastings Line expresses to London.[3] As of January 1947, its allocation consisted of 30 locomotives: 20 4-4-0s, 5 0-4-4Ts and 5 0-6-0s.[37]
Following nationalisation, the shed was given the code 74E[38] and it received a new asbestos roof with brick gables.[32] However, by 1957 the depot's role was much reduced as a result of the first stages of dieselisation which had led to the closure of the servicing point at Hastings station and the withdrawal of most of St Leonards' engines.[32] Further dieselisation resulted in the depot's effective closure in June 1958, although engines continued to be serviced and stabled until 10 November 1967.[34][32][31] The bulk of the shed's remaining allocation was transferred to Ashford, Brighton, Tonbridge and Tunbridge Wells West.[33] The depot has now been completely demolished.[32] A new diesel depot was opened to the west of the old steam motive power depot.[3]
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Following station | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyne Gap Halt Line open, station closed |
London, Brighton and South Coast Railway East Coastway Line |
St Leonards Warrior Square Line and station open | ||
Present day
editThe station buildings were demolished following closure and the site is now the car park of a TK Maxx warehouse store.[3] Where the engine sheds stood, is now a train washing facility which was built in 1958;[19][33] TK Maxx and a row of houses now stand where the coal yard and freight sheds once stood. The remains of both platforms can also still be seen.[24][25]
References
editNotes
edit- ^ White 1992, p. 84.
- ^ a b c Dendy Marshall & Kidner 1963a, p. 204.
- ^ a b c d e f g Course 1973, p. 149.
- ^ a b Turner 1977, p. 223.
- ^ a b c Butt 1995, p. 204.
- ^ a b c d Quick 2009, p. 341.
- ^ Course 1973, pp. 109–110.
- ^ a b c White 1992, p. 34.
- ^ a b Course 1973, p. 109.
- ^ Turner 1977, p. 222.
- ^ White 1992, pp. 33–34.
- ^ Awdry 1990, p. 180.
- ^ a b Course 1973, p. 110.
- ^ Turner 1977, p. 226.
- ^ Dendy Marshall & Kidner 1963b, p. 302.
- ^ Body 1989, pp. 106–107.
- ^ Course 1973, pp. 110–111.
- ^ White 1992, pp. 34–35.
- ^ a b c d Body 1989, p. 107.
- ^ Turner 1978, p. 272.
- ^ Course 1973, p. 111.
- ^ a b White 1992, p. 35.
- ^ Clinker 1978, pp. 60, 163.
- ^ a b Morrison & Beer 1994, p. 73.
- ^ a b "Disused Stations". Subterranea Britannica.
- ^ Hawkins & Reeve 1979, p. 144.
- ^ Moody 1979, p. 51.
- ^ a b Moody 1979, p. 117.
- ^ Course 1973, pp. 111–112.
- ^ Moody 1979, p. 171.
- ^ a b Clinker 1978, p. 60.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Hawkins & Reeve 1979, p. 73.
- ^ a b c d Morrison & Beer 1994, p. 74.
- ^ a b Griffiths & Smith 1999, p. 73.
- ^ Hawkins & Reeve 1979, p. 146.
- ^ a b Course 1973, p. 112.
- ^ Hawkins & Reeve 1979, p. 154.
- ^ Hawkins & Reeve 1979, p. 150.
Sources
edit- Awdry, Christopher (1990). Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies. Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-8526-0049-7. OCLC 19514063. CN 8983.
- Body, Geoffrey (1989) [1984]. Railways of the Southern Region. Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-85260-297-X.
- Butt, R. V. J. (October 1995). The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85260-508-7. OCLC 60251199. OL 11956311M.
- Clinker, C.R. (October 1978). Clinker's Register of Closed Passenger Stations and Goods Depots in England, Scotland and Wales 1830-1977. Bristol, Avon: Avon-AngliA Publications & Services. ISBN 0-905466-19-5.
- Course, Edwin (1973). The Railways of Southern England: the Main Lines. London: B.T. Batsford. ISBN 0-7134-0490-6.
- Dendy Marshall, C.F.; Kidner, R.W. (1963a) [1937]. History of the Southern Railway. Vol. 1. Shepperton: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0059-X.
- Dendy Marshall, C.F.; Kidner, R.W. (1963b) [1937]. History of the Southern Railway. Vol. 2. Shepperton: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0059-X.
- Griffiths, Roger; Smith, Paul (1999). The Directory of British Engine Sheds and Principal Locomotive Servicing Points: 1. Southern England, the Midlands, East Anglia and Wales. Oxford: Oxford Publishing Company. ISBN 0-86093-542-6.
- Hawkins, Chris; Reeve, George (1979). A Historical Survey of Southern Sheds. Oxford: Oxford Publishing Company. ISBN 0-86093-020-3.
- Turner, John Howard (1977). The London, Brighton & South Coast Railway: Origins and Formation. Vol. 1. London: B.T. Batsford. ISBN 0-7134-0275-X.
- Turner, John Howard (1978). The London, Brighton & South Coast Railway: Establishment and Growth. Vol. 2. London: B.T. Batsford. ISBN 0-7134-1198-8.
- Moody, G.T. (1979) [1957]. Southern Electric 1909-1979. Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0924-4.
- Morrison, Brian; Beer, Brian (1994). British Railways Past and Present: Kent and East Sussex. Wadenhoe, Peterborough: Past & Present Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85895-044-0. No. 24.
- Quick, Michael (2009) [2001]. Railway passenger stations in Great Britain: a chronology (4th ed.). Oxford: Railway & Canal Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-901461-57-5. OCLC 612226077.
- White, H.P. (1992) [1961]. A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Southern England. Vol. 2). Nairn, Scotland: David St John Thomas. ISBN 0-946537-77-1.